CALC3

WORKED SOLUTIONS
Modeling dynamic phenomena
Skills check
1 a
x ey x 2
1 x ey
x 1
2x
ln
tan
y

dy
x
dx
x 1
y
1 x2
ln
e2 x y
S
y
4
x
y
4x
S
(assuming principal restriction)

d
arccos( xy 1)
2 x xy 1
2 a
cos(2 x )
cos 2 x 1
x
x 2 e x 2 x e x dx
2 x
e dx
ii
ORDER
COEFFICIENTS
YES
Constant
NO
Constant
YES
Variable
NO
Constant
YES
Variable
YES
Variable
NO
Variable
2 a
iii
ex
dx
ex 1
e x 1 du
As
1
du
u
iv
cos( x )
dx
sin 2 ( x )
ln u c then
e x dx
dx
As
b i
yc
1 ( x 1) x 1
( x 1)2
x
1
x 1

ii
cos( x )
dx
sin 2 ( x )
1
( x 1)2
( x 1)2 x 2
( x 1)2
sin( x )
0 to obtain
0 which is true for all x \
? y sin( x ) is solution of the differential

equation y cc y 0.
c
x e x y c
e x x e x
e x to obtain e x e x
which is true for all x \
ln e 1 c
3 a
1

c.
sin( x )
1
( x 1)2
2 x 1
( x 1)2
? y x e x is solution of the differential equation

y c y e x .
1
du where u = sin(x)
u2
1
c then
u
cos( x ) y cc
Substitute into y c y
du = cos(x) dx
1
du
u2
sin( x ) y c
sin( x ) sin( x )
ex 1
Substitute into y cc y
1
(sin(2 x ) 2 cos(2 x )) e x c
5
0 to obtain e x e x
e x is solution of the differential

equation y c y 0.
(sin(2 x ) 2 cos(2 x )) e x c
u du where u
e x y c
?y
sin(2 x ) e x 2(cos(2 x ) e x 2 sin(2x ) e x dx )
sin(2 x ) e x dx
e x
Substitute into y c y
y
5 sin(2 x ) e x dx
3
2
LINEAR
sin(2 x ) e x 2 cos(2x ) e x dx
2S
sin
x 2ex 2x e x + 2ex + c or (x2 2x + 2)ex + c
sin(2 x ) e dx
sin(2x ) e dx
e2
EQUATION
x 2 e x 2 ( x e x e x dx )
i
1) e2 ln(1)
Exercise 3A
x 1
e2 x
or y = (x + 1)e2x
c
dy
(x
dx
1 x 2 ey
1 x2
y
x
b
3 a
Differentiating implicitly e xy x y
0,
dy
dy
1
0
dx
dx
dy
(1 x e xy )
(1 y e xy )
dx
dy
1 y e xy

QED
dx
1 x e xy
y e xy x e xy
1
x 1 1 2x
sin(2 x )
sin 2 ( x ) 1
Oxford University Press 2015: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchasers institute
Calculus: Chapter 3
13
WORKED SOLUTIONS
b
Differentiating implicitly x 2 y 2
dy
2x 2 y
dx
dy
0 y
dx
r 2, r constant
dy
x
dx
x
dy
dx
x
QED
y
4x
4 x 2 du
x
1 For example, y e y c e .
Substitute into y c y 0 to obtain e x e x 0
which is true for all x \ ? y e x is solution of
the differential equation y c y 0
For example, y 2e x y c 2e x .
Substitute into y c y 0 to obtain 2e x 2e x 0
? y 2e x is solution of the differential equation
yc y 0
1
2
Ae x y c Ae x .
Substitute into y c y 0 to obtain Ae x Ae x 0
? y Ae x is a general solution of the differential
equation y c y 0.
When x 0 y 3 Ae0 3 A 3.
? y 3e x is the particular solution (curve) that
contains the point (0, 3).
ln x 2
z
d
dw
dx
1
y
x
t2
t3
c
2
2
?y
4
dy
dx
k cos(kx ) k cos(kx ) k 2 x sin(kx )
dy
dx
k 2 x sin(kx ) QED
dy
dx
e2 x
1
2
e2 x ln x 1 c
y (0 )
1
?y
e2 x ln x 1
1
ln 1 c
2
d 4 3
Sr
dt 3
dr
dt
x sin( x ) cos( x ) c
1
3
v
?s
ds
1
dt
2 t2
1
2
2
S
dr
dt
Sr2
1
dt r 3
3
2
cc
S
2
125 2
t
r
3
S
S
? r3
7
1
u 125
3
3
2
2
r 2 dr
Sr2
r (1)
e 2 x dx
dr
dt
3
2
1 c
1
2
dV
dt
x sin( x ) sin( x )dx
1
1
x e2 x e2 x c
2
4
dy
3 2 1 3
2 a
3x x 2 y
x x c
dx
2
3
3 1
13
y (1) 4 c 4 c
2 3
6
3 2 1 3 13
?y
x x
2
3
6
1
2 x
e
dx
x 1
1
y
x 1
?y
6 a
4S r 2
1
1
x e2 x
2
2
1
cos(0) c
2
sin(kx ) kx cos(kx )
x e2 x w
1
1
sin( x )dx
dx
x 2
2
3
ln 2
2
1
3
ln x 2 cos x ln 2
2
2
ln x c
x cos( x ) z
1
Exercise 3B
t t2 x
1 c
1
cos( x ) c
2
2 ln 2
y (0 )
No solution as ( y(x)) 0
dx
dt
dy
b
dx
dz
c
dx
u c
4 x2 1
1 a
du y
1
1
sin( x ) y
x 2 2
dy
dx
dx
2 x dx
1 4 c
?y
3
4 x2
4 x2 c
y (0 )
contains the point (1, 1).
?y
In general, y
1
dy
1
dy
y2.
2 For example, y
2
x
dx
dx
x
1
dy
For example, y 1 dy
y2
2
x 1
dx
dx
( x 1)
1
dy
In general, y 1 dy
y2.
2
x k
dx
dx
x k
1
k 2.
When x 1 y 1 1
1 k
1 is the particular solution (curve) that
?y
x 2
2 x
1
2
Investigation
x
1
s
2 t2
2
t c
S
125 2

3
S
6
(t 1) 125
S
1
dt
2 t2
t
c
2
arctan
Calculus: Chapter 3
14
WORKED SOLUTIONS
Exercise 3C
1 a
dy
dx
dy
y 3
y 3
dx
y 3
dy
dx
x c
Ae 3
1
(3 y 2 y 1)dy
3y y 1
? arctan
2
2
dy
d
dx
?
e
2
dy
2y 1
1
ln 2 y 1
2
dy
dx
?
f
2 a
e x
dy
cos (3 y 1)
3dy
cos (3 y 1)
dx
3 a
d y

dx 2
5 dy
y 1 dx
dy
dx
? 5 ln y 1
x
dy
y 1
x
2 x e x 2 e dx
2
dx
x
4( x 1)e x c
1
dy
y 1
2
2
1
dx
x2
2
c
x
? arctan( y )
(1 cos(2 x ))
dy
dx
2 sin(2 x ) y
1
dy
y
2 sin 2 x
dx
1 cos 2 x
c
1 cos 2 x
y (0 )
1 c
?y
dy
dx
(1 x 2 )
3e x
1 y2
1
dy
1 y2
arctan( y )
3
y
y (0 )
2
dx
x
2
dx
x
Ax 2
2
1 (2 cos 2 x 1)
sec 2 x
3e x c
b
2
y
1 cos 2 x
2 ln x c ( y 1)5
ln 1 cos 2 x c
y
dx
y2
3 e x dx
2
2
5
dy
x
y 1
dy
y 1
y2
2
2 x e x dx
ydy
2 x e x 2e x c y 2
x c
d
dy
(3e x c ) y
dx
dx
e x
y2
2
ln y
x c
To check answers, differentiate both sides of the

equation, e.g.
2
arctan( x ) c
2x
dy
y
dx
ydy
1
dx
x2 1
2 sin(2 x )
dx
1 cos(2 x )
1 sin 2 y
cos y
dy
cos y
1 sin 2 y
cos y
dy
dx
1 sin 2 y
dx
1
dx
x2 1
dx
? arctan(sin y )
dy
dx
e x
?
f
dy
cos (3 y 1)
dy
dx
1
dy =
2y 1
x c
1
arctan (3 y 1)
3
dy
dx
dx
1
3
dx
cos2 (3 y 1)
dx
1
dx
x
tan(arctan( x ) c )
or y
x c
dy
2y 1
2y 1
1
2
1
dy
y2 1
1
dy
y
Ax
y2 1
1
2
dy
x2 1
y 1
? arctan( y )
y2
y x c
2
dy
dy
y2 4 2
dx
2
y 4
y 4
1
dx
x
ln x c y
= dx y 3
dy
dx
dy
dx
dx
(3 y 2 y 1)dy
y
1
dy
x
y
x c
dy
dx
? ln y
1
dy = dx ln y 3
y 3
1
dy
1 y2
1
dx
1 x2
arctan( x ) c
2 arctan(2)
arctan(0 ) c
?c
arctan(2)
?y
tan(arctan( x ) arctan(2))
?y
x 2
1 2x
1
dx
1 x2
Calculus: Chapter 3
15
WORKED SOLUTIONS
c
dy
1
1 y
dy
dx
y 1
1
dy
e x dx
y 1
ex
1
3
5 a
dy
dx
5 4 3 2 1 0
1
5x
2
125 2
t
r
S
3
S
dy
dx
2y
As u
x
dy
x
2y
.
and
dx
2y
x
x
1 these tangents are
2 y
orthogonal at these points.

7 a
6
(t 1) 125
S
y
4
3
2
1
y
6
4
2
1 2 3 4x
4 3 2 11
2
3
4
Exercise 3C
1.1
10 8 6 4 220
4
6
y
4
Exercise 3C
y
6
2 1
1
0
8 6 4 22
4
6
y
6
4
2
b and c
2 4 6 8 10
Exercise 3C
1.1
2 4 6 8 x
2
6 4
y1_1
At each point ( x , y ), x z 0, y z 0 the gradients

of the tangents to the solutions of each DE are
f (x )
g( y)
given by
because it cannot be written in the form
1.1
1 e x
8 6 4 2
2
e xy is not a variable separable equation
dy
dx
? r3
d 4
3
Sr 8
dt 3
dr
dr
2
4S r 2
8
dt
dt
Sr2
1
2
2
dr
2
dt r 3
t c
b
r 2 dr
2
S
3
S
dt
Sr
1
2
125 2
r (1) 5 u 125
cc

3
3
S
S
4 a
y
6
e0 c
y (0 ) 2 ln 1
?c 1
? ln y 1
y
4
e x c
? ln y 1
dV
dt
e x dx
0
2
2
Short investigation
6 a
y
4
y
2
1
2 1
1
4 3 2 1
1
annually
monthly
daily
hourly
continously
40
4,115.19
4211.61
4220.40
4220.68
4220.70
Exercise 3D
year
The model is Q (t )
Q (t )
4
1.1
0.55 Q0 Q0 e
0.55 Q0
Q0 e
Exercise 3C
y
8
6
4
2
0
8 6 4 22
4
6
8
1.1
2 4 6 8
Exercise 3C
y
6
4
2
8 6 4 220
4
6
2 4 6 8
ln 2
5568
ln 2
t
5568
ln 2
t
5568
0.55
4800 years
The model is Q (t )
Q0 e
Q (t ) = 0.55 Q0 Q0 e
0.55 Q0
t
ln 2
t
5530
ln 2
t
5530
ln 2
t
5530
0.55
4770 years
Calculus: Chapter 3
16
WORKED SOLUTIONS
3 a
dV
dt
dV
dt
0.00015V
6 a
dV
R
0.00015V
lnV
?V
V0 e
0.0008 V0 e 0.00015u2
V0
0.00080024... 0.001
0.0008
0.0004 P (250 P )
dP
=
P (250 P )
1
10
dt ln
1
1
g D v g D v dv
P
250 P
dt
dP
dt
7 0.1t
e and P (t )
43
100(1 t )
240 t
49.93...,
100(1 t )
dP
dt
0.03
dt P
1 t
ex
A(1 t )0.03
0.03
and
P(10) = 100 (11)
P(10 )
g Dv
g Dv
t2 c
Ae
1
t2
D
dP
P
e3 x
e5 x
dy
3y
dx
d 3x
(e y )
dx
e x by I(x),
e5 x
1 5x
e c
5
e5 x dx e3 x y
1 2x
e c e3 x
5
dy
(2 x 1
) y
dx p
(x )
x
eN
q(x )
2 x 1dx
ex
x
dy
(0.01 0.001t )dt
(0.01 + 0.001t)dt
ln(100 )
Multiplying both sides of

(2 x 1) y
dx
by I(x),
2
e x
2
dy
(2 x 1)e x x y
dx
ex
e x
d x2 x
(e
y)
dx
ex
which is an exact DE
?ex
116.183...
q(x )
dy
3e3 x y
dx
I (x )
100 c
2x
eN
3 dx
? e3x y
0.03
I0
100e 0.01t 0.0005t
?y
ln|P| = 0.01t + 0.0005t2 + c

P(0 )
100
(0.01 0.001t )P
dP
=
P
g Dv
g Dv
100 u 11I 0
P(10 )
dy
3N y
dx
p(x )
I (x )
P(10) = 107.459...
107.46 euros
b
dt
+
dv
+
g
v
g
1
t2
1 a
100 A
?P
2dt
Exercise 3E
7
43
0.03
dP
P
1 t
P
P(0 )
dt
g Ae D 1
v
1
t2
D
Ae D 1
g
lim v (t )
x of
D
i.e., approx. 50 years.

5 a
g
dv
g 2 D 2v 2
1
D
1
t c
10
P
250 P
dt
1 1
1

the
2 g D v
g D v
= 2 dt ln
1
2500
k 2
v
m
equation can be written as
Ae 0.1t
35 A
P (0 )
1
dt
2500
1
1
P 250 P dP
1
250
g
g 2 D 2v 2
As
1
dt
2500
1
1
P 250 P dP
P
250 P
dP
P (250 P )
dv
gk
g2 v2
m
g
gk
g
2
dv
m
g D 2v 2
0.00015 t
dv
dt
mg kv 2
g
0.00015t c
V (2)
dP
dt
dv
dt
0.00015 dt
So, the drivers blood alcohol rate was within the

permissible limits.
4
?y
x
y
2
e dx e
e x c e x
x2 x
ex c
x
116.18 euros
Calculus: Chapter 3
17
WORKED SOLUTIONS
c
dy
1N y
dx
p(x )
I (x )
2 x
e
x
)
cos(

2 a
q(x )
1dx
ex
dy
e2 x cos( x )
dy
ex y
dx
e x cos( x )
d x
(e y )
dx
?e y
x
ex
e x cos( x )
1 x
e (sin( x ) cos( x )) c
2
tan( x ) dx
q(x )
sec( x )
1dx sec( x ) y
cot( x ) dx
? e 2 x y
e2 x sin( x )
d 2 x
(e y )
dx
e2 x sin( x )
1
(2 sin( x ) cos( x ) e2 x )
5
x
)
cos(

q(x )
cos( x )
by I(x),
dy
sin( x )
+ cos( x ) y = sin( x )
dx
1
5
0c
y (0 )
sin( x )
e2 x sin( x )dx
1
5
x c (use
dy
y cot( x )
dx
dy
( x 1) y
dx
I (x )
x2
2
x2
x 1dx
e2
x
dy

( x 1) y
dx
by I(x),
x2
x
x
x
dy
e 2 ( x 1) y
dx
d
(sin( x ) y ) = sin( x ) which is an exact DE
dx
e2
x
) cos( x
) dx
sin( x ) y = sin(

1
sin(2 x )
2
1
sin( x ) y = cos(2 x ) + c
4
?y
cos(2 x ) c csc( x )
4
sin x
e2 x y = ( 2sin( x ) cos( x )) e2 x + c
e ln(sin( x ))
e 2 x
dy
2e2 x y
dx
( x c ) cos( x )
1
I (x )
2 dx
dy
d
+ tan( x )sec( x ) y = 1
dx
dx
dy
cot( x)
y
dx p
(x )
2 c
sin x
cos( x )
integration by parts)
dy
2y
dx
e2 x
(sec( x ) y ) = 1 which is an exact DE
?y
( x 1)e x c (use

2y
dx
by I(x),
dy
? sec( x ) y
x e dx e
dy
cos(
x
)


y tan( x )
dx
by I(x),
sec( x )
x e x which is
x 1 e x
I (x )
e ln(cos( x ))
d x
(e y )
dx
2 1 c
?y
x2
c cos x
x ex
c by I(x),
x 1 c e x
?y
y (0 )
1 x2
e (sin x cos x ) A e x
2
I (x )
dy
y
dx
integration by parts)
1 2 x
e (sin( x ) cos( x )) c e x
2
dy
tan( x)
y
dx p
(x )
ex
dy
ex y
dx
?ex y
(use integration by parts)
1dx
an exact DE
cos( x )dx
ex y
?y
x
dy
y
dx
x y
I (x )

y
dx
by I(x),
ex
dy
dx
?e
x2
x
2
e dx e
2c
y (0 )
y
x2
2
e
x2
x
2
ex
d x2 x
e y
dx
x2
2
ex
ex c
x2
x
2
Calculus: Chapter 3
18
WORKED SOLUTIONS
3 a
dy
y
dx
x2 x
d
( xy )
dx
x2 x
dy
(cos( x )) y
dx
(sin( x ))
the equation is exact.

d
( xy )
dx
( x 2 x ) dx
x 2 x xy
x
x
c

3
2
x
( x 1)
dy
y
dx
d
(( x 1) y )
dx
sin( x )e x
sin( x )e x ( x 1) y
sin( x ) e dx
4 a
( x 1)
dy
y
dx
sin( x )e x
sin( x ) e

1
x
As cos x
1 x 2 dx
x
1
x
dy
1 x 2 y
dx
1
x
x
1
x
dy
(1 x 2 ) e x y
dx
x
1
x
cos 4 x cos( x ) y
2
cos
d x 1x
e
y
dx
( x 2 1) y
( x 2 1)dx
( x 2 1)
1
x c
x
1
+ x
x
dy
xy
dx
x
dy
y

dx x 2 1
the equation is linear
cos( x ) y
3
1
1
x sin(2 x ) sin( 4 x ) c
8
4
32
1
1
3
sin( 4 x ) c sec( x )
x sin(2 x )
4
32
8
px
dy
y
dy
dx
dy
= ( x 2 1) dx ln y
y
cos( x ) y
dy
cos x
tan x y
dx
x 2 y
y = Ae
1
(1 cos(4 x ))
8
1
cos(4 x )
8
Ae
1
x
x
the equation is variable separable
x dx
1 2 cos(2 x ) cos 2 (2 x )
4
A y
dy
y
dx
cos 4 x
3 1
1
8 2 cos(2 x ) 8 cos(4 x ) dx
dy
cos x sin x y
dx
1 1
cos(2 x )
4 2
3 1
cos(2 x )
8 2
dy
x2 y
dx
cos 4 x
1 cos(2 x )
x2
q(x )
ln cos x c
dy
dy
1
y

dx N
x 1
d
(cos( x ) y )
dx
d
cos( x ) y
dx
sin x y
(1 x 2 ) y
dx
by I(x),
tan x dx
I (x )
p(x )
dy
(sin x ) y
c (cos x )
dx
sin x y
tan x dx
1
(sin x cos x ) e x c
2
sin x cos x x
c
e
2( x 1)
x 1
( x 1) y
y
tan x sin x y

d
(( x 1) y )
dx
d
sin x y
dx
c ln cos x
or y ln sec x c csc x
sin x
sin x dy cos x y tan x
dx
dy
x
y sec
x

cot

dx p
x
qx
p(x )
sin( x )e x
tan( x )
dy
dy
1
x +1
x
+ y = x2 + x
+
y = N
dx
dx
x
q(x )
N
d
(sin( x ) y )
dx
x3
x2

c
3
2
xy
y
tan( x )
I (x )
x 2 1dx
cos x

1
ln x 2 1
2
1
x2 1
dy
2
y
dx
x 1
by I(x),
1
dy
x
2
x +1
x + 1 dx
2
qx
1
x2 +1
y=0
d 1
y = 0
2
dx x + 1
Calculus: Chapter 3
19
WORKED SOLUTIONS
1
A y
A x2 1
dy
x
y
2
dx
x 1
dy
0
dx
x
y
x2 1
x 1
dy
y
x
dx ln y
2
x 1
1 dy
2y
x dx
x2
2
x2
2
ex
3x
3 xe x
3 x2
e cy
2
dy
2 xy
dx
3x
dy
3 2y
3x
d x2
e y
dx
3 xe x
2
3
Ae x
2
dy
dx
1 2
x c
2
dy
3 2y
1
x dx ln 3 2 y
2
1 2
x c
2
2y
?y
1
2
x dx
0
x2
2
1
2
x2
2
1
2
e
1
2
ke D t Te and
k + Te = 24
ke 5 + T = 22
e
10
ke
T
+
e = 20.4
Te = 24 k
( 5 10 )
k e e
= 1.6
10
ke + Te = 20.4
Te 24 k
1.6
k
5D
e e 10D
ke 10D 24 k 20.4
Te 24 k
1.6
k

5D
e 10D
e
1.6 e 10D 1 24
e 5D e 10D
0.044628..., k
to obtain D
1 du
1
1
x 1
u
u
u 2 dx
20.4
10 and Te
14.
Exercise 3F
1.1
du
xu x which is a linear equation of the
dx
du
form
p x u q u .
dx
I x e
c
1 du
2
u dx
x2
2
Use cooling model equation T (t )

solve simultaneously the
T ( 0 ) = 24
equations: T ( 5 ) = 22
T (10 ) = 20.4
2
3
Be x
2
dy
xy 1 y
dx
x2
2
x2 1
x2 c
3 Ae x
1
dy
y
dx
xe
x (3 2 y )
x dx ln 3 2 y
Exercise 3F
dy
3 2y
e x
1 Ae
22
3 2y
Au
1 Ae
x dx
ln 3 2 y
d x2
e u
dx
1
1 e 2 2
2
2
x2
2
2
dy
2 xe x y
dx
ex y
x2
2
1 Ae y
dy
1 Ae

2 xy
dx
by I(x),
ex
y 1
dy
3
2 xy
dx
2 x dx
xe
x2
2

I x
x

du
xe 2 u
dx
1
y
1
ln( x 2 1) c
2
A x2 1
?y
x by I(x),
x
dx
x 1
2

dy
y
du
xu
dx
nSolve
1.6
e5xe10x
e10x1 +24=20.4, x
d:=0.044628710262786
1.6
k:=
e5ae10a
t:=24k
0.04462871
0.04462871
10.
14.
8/99
So the temperature outside is approximately

14 degrees
Calculus: Chapter 3
20
WORKED SOLUTIONS
2 a
b
a = 5000, b = 0.04
x 0 1000
dx
dx
5000 0.04 x
5000 0.04 x
dt
1000 A
x (0 )
0.04t
or x = 1000e
c
0.04t
+ 125000(e
100000 t
x (t )
5040
1.1
1)
14.495462
54.73141
k
t
mg
1 e m as deduced in example 16
k
Use v
20 t 2
50
(20 t )2
50
dt
(20 t )2
50(20 t ) c (20 t )2
0 c
2 .5
Q 10
(
(
0.5
t
9010
1e 90
0.5
Done
95.327497
250 grams (3s.f.)
Exercise 3G
1 a
3 x 2 xy
dy
2
dx
x
dy
dx
Done
y
3 The DE is
x
N
y
f
x
homogeneous.
97.272956
v(10)
2x
dy
dx
x y 3
dy
dx
1 y
3

2
2
x
2
x
4/99
1
k
t
mg
1 e m dt
k
y
zf
x
The DE is non-homogeneous
491 metres
dy
c x y
dx
2
Note: when g = 9.8, s = 481 metres
1.1
v(t):=
Exercise 3F
0.5
t
909.8
v(t):=
1e 90
0.5
v(10)
50
(20 t )2
1
50
+c
Q=
(20 t )2
20 t
Q 0
50
e 2 ln 20 t
? Q t 50 20 t 2.5 20 t
Note: For g = 9.8, v = 95.3 ms1
v(t):=
20 t dt
? Q t
with k = 0.5 and m = 90

For g = 10, v = 97 ms-1
1.1
1
Q=
(20 t )2
3/99
3 a
Q
dQ
2Q
u 10

100 5t
dt
20 t
d
1
Q
dt 20 t 2
Done
nSolve(f1(x)=100000, x)
= 9.8 v = 88.2
1
dQ
2

Q
2
(20 t ) dt
(20 t )3
Exercise 3F
nSolve(f1(x)=1000000, x)
|
mg
,
k
54.7 year. So not in the rst
f1(x):=126000e0.04x125000
10 u 5
I t
14.5 years.
x (t ) 1000000 t
50 years.
Since solution is owing out at 10l/m and the

ow rate in is 5 l/m the quantity of water in
the tank at any given instant will be 100-5t
dQ
dt
126000e0.04 t 125000
t of
Note: when g
4 a
5000 + 0.04 x = Ae0.04 t
lim
i.e., 90 ms-1 as k = 10
dt
1
ln |5000 + 0.04x | = t + c
0.04
k
t
mg
1 e m
t of k
lim v t
dy
x
dx
x
dy
dx
x2 y
v(10)
10
v(t) dt
0
y
1
x
N
y
zf
x
Exercise 3F
0.5
t
9010
1e 90
0.5
1
x
The DE is non-homogeneous
Done
97.272956
490.86793
2 a
dy
dx
3 x 2 xy
dy
2
dx
x
y
3
x
N
y
f
x
As y
5/99
vx
dy
dx
vx
dv
, substituting in the
dx
equation above,
Calculus: Chapter 3
21
WORKED SOLUTIONS
dv
dx
vx
3vx
dv
dx
Method 1:
3 2v which is
dv
2 3v
dx
dv
x
2 2v
dx
dx
1 dv

x
2 1 v
1
ln 1 v ln x c
2
vx
variables separable DE
dv
dx
1
ln 3 2v
x
2
3 2v
1
2
2y
x
dy
dx
x y
? ln 3
3 a
2x
ln x c
x
A
3 2
2
x
ln x c or y
xy
dy
2x
dx
dy
dx
1 1 y

2 2x
y
f
x
(homogeneous)
dy
vx
dx
As y
dv
v x , substituting in the
dx
1 1
dv
vx
2 2
dx
1 3
v
2 2
dx
2
2
dv =
ln 1 3v
x
3
1 3v
? (1 3v )
2
3
3y
Ax 1
2
3
ln x c
dv
dx
1
2x
(linear DE)
I (x )
3
ln x
2
3
2
y
or
by I(x),
3
? x 2v
dv
3 1
x 2v
dx
2
3
1 12
d
x
x 2v
2
dx
1 32
x c v
3
3

1
cx 2 y
3
4 a
1
2x
1 12
x
2
1

1
x cx 2
3
dy
2x 3 y
dx
dy
dy 2 x + 3 y
dy
y
x
= 2x + 3 y
=
= 2 + 3
x
dx
dx
dx x
y
f
x
with nal solution y = Ax3 x
2 dx
x
e ln x
2
1
x2
x cx 3
4x 2 y2
x2
x2
dy
dx
4x 2 y2
dy
dx
dy
dx
y
4 (homogeneous)
x
y
f
x
Use two different methods to solve the following

differential equations
b
x3
dv
3

v
dx
2x
x2
2
2
1 dv
3 .v
2
x3
x dx x
d v
2
2
dx x x 3
v
2
2 3 dx
x
x
v
1
2 2 c
x
x
Ax
1 1
dv
3

v
v
2 2
dx
2x
3
dx
2x
Ax 3 x
Method 2:
vx
Ax 2
dv
2 3v
dx
dv
x
2 2v
dx
2
dv 2
.v
dx x
x
(variable separable)
y
x
vx
Method 1:
dv
dx
1
Method 2:
equation above,
vx
ln Ax 2
ln 1 v
As y
vx
dy
dx
vx
dv
dx
equation above,
vx
dv
dx
4 v2 x
dv
dx
4 v v2
2
1
15
v
2
4
4 v v2
1
dv
4 v v2
2
15
dx
1
2
1 15
v
2
4
dv
dx
x
2 y 1
= ln| x |+ c
2
15 x
arctan
Calculus: Chapter 3
22
WORKED SOLUTIONS
dy
b (x y )
dx
2
dy
xy
dx
xy
dy
dx
x 2 y2
y
x
2
y
1
x
vx
As y
dy
dx
vx
dv
dx
v
dv
x
dx
1 v2
1 v2
dv
v3
1
2
2v
v
v
1 v2
ln x c
1 x
Ay
2 y2
x2
x (x 2 y2 )
x 3 2x 2 y y3
2
x 2x y y
x 3 xy 2
vx
dy
dx
vx
dv
dx
equation above,
1 2v v 3
dv
x
2
dx
1v
dv
dx
1v
1 v2
1 v2
dv
1 v
dx
2
v 1
dv
x
1 v
1
v 2 v 2 ln v 1
2
1
2
? 1 v e 2
v 2 v
dx
x
ln x c
2
Ax 1 e
x
dy
dy
xy
5 a x y
dx
dx
y
dy
x
2
dx
y
1
x
2
x 2 xy y 2
vx
dy
dx
dv
dx
vx
0
x 2 xy y 2
x2
dy
dx
dv
dx
1 v v2 x
1
dv =
(1 v )2
y y

x x (homogeneous)
2
y
1

x
y
f
x
vx
dv
dx
1 2v v 2
1 2
As y vx
dy
dx
0 or
equation above,
dy
dx
dy
dx
x2
As y
dy
dx
ln y 2 ln 2
2 y
2 ln 2
1
ln 2
8
? ln ln x 2 ln 2
2 y
x
ln A vx
e 2v
ln 4 c c
ln x
dx
x
ln x c
1
1
2 ln
2
2
1 x
Avx
1
dx 1
3 dv
v
x
v
1
ln v
2v 2
?
ln v ln x c
1
2v 2
v3
1 v2
v
dv
x
dx
1 v2
1
ln v
2v 2
v 4
dx
1
2 ln v
2v
dv
dx
1 v2
dv
v3
equation above,
vx
dv
dx
vx
dv
dx
vx
dy
dx
equation above,
y
f
x
(homogeneous)
vx
As y
xy
2
x y2
v 1
0c
1
v 1
ln x 1 v
?y
x ln x
ln x 1
x2
dy
dx
2x2
Ax
vx
ln x c
1
ln x
ln x 1
x 2 xy y 2
As y
dy
dx
vx
dy
dx
x 2 xy y 2
x2
dv
dx
equation above,
vx
y 2 2 xy
dx
1

x
1 v
dv
dx
1 v v2 x
dv
dx
1 v2
1+ v
v (1)
dv =
dx
arctan(v )
x
0c
? arctan(v )
y

? arctan
x
ln x c
0
ln x
ln x
Calculus: Chapter 3
23
WORKED SOLUTIONS
6 a
Exercise 3G
1.1
y
6
dw
du
1 w and
1 v v
dw dv
dw
d
v
d
u
du
N
dv
du
8 6 4 2
2
? 2u
8 x
dv
du
1 v u 2u
dw
du
w u QED
4
6
2u
2 y2 x 2
3 xy
dy
dx
w u
dy
dx
vx
dv
dx
2u
dw
du
w u
equation above,
v+x
dv
2v 2 1
dv
v 2 1
=
x
=
dx
3v
dx
3v
dx
3
3v
dv =
ln(v 2 1)
x
2
+1
2u
x2
t u
y
6
w u
q u
w u
dw
2u
du
dw
du
dw
du
ut
1w
1
2 u
dt
du
t u
2 0
1
t 1
dt
u
2
du
dt
du
dt
t 1
2
6
1
(linear)
2
N
t1
2
dw 1
w
du N
2u
equation above,
A
3
dw
du
As w
ln x c
y
? 1
x
1 w
1 (homogeneous)
u
2
p u
dw
du
w
f
u
vx
As y
dw
du
t 1
1 1
du ln t 1
2u
y 1
1
x2
w
1
u
A
u
1
ln x c
2
v 1
1
u
A
u
A
x 2 y 2 Ax 1 0 circles
x
7 (extension)
a
Exercise 3G
1.1
terms have different degrees nonhomogeneous DE
y
6
4
the equation contains term in y2

non-linear DE
to the form
dy
f ( y)
=
non-separable DE
dx
g(x )
1
y2 y
? 2 xy
?x
dv
dx
1 12 dv
v
2
dx
v 1
dv
du
8 x
4
6
8 (extension)
a
1 v x 2
u 1; y
x y2
dv
xy
du
dy
?
dx
1 v x 2 QED
dy
dx
u v
dv
uv
du
v
u
v
1
u
1
(homogeneous)
x2 x
?x
dv
dx
dv
du
? 2u
dy dv
dv dx
2
1 y 2 x 2 x vN
v 2
dy
dx
dy
dx
dv
dx
v 2 and
8 6 4 2
2
it is not possible to re-arrange the equation
u 2 and
dv
dx
1 v x 2 2u
1 v u QED
dv du
dv
du dx
dx
dv
du
2x
dv
du
As v
ut
dv
du
t u
dt
du
equation above,
1 v u
t u
dt
du
1 t
dt
u
1 t
du
1 2t t 2
1 t
Calculus: Chapter 3
24
WORKED SOLUTIONS
2t 2
dt
2t 1
Investigation Eulers Number
1
u
2 du
ln t 2 2t 1
e.g. approximations for h = 0.1, 0.01 and 0.001; the

approximation of e gets better
2 ln u c
2
A
y 1
y 1
+ 2
1
u2
x +1
x +1
t 2 + 2t 1 =
1.1
( x + 1)2
? ( y 1)2 2( y 1)( x 1) ( x 1)2
B xn
C yn
=0+'n*0.1
7
6
0.6
8
7
0.7
9
8
0.8
10
9
0.9
11
10
1.
C11 =c10+0.1d10
Exercise 3G
1.2
An
D f
1.77156
1.94872
2.14359
2.35795
2.59374
1.77156
1.94872
2.14359
2.35795
2.59374
9 (extension)
a
v=
dv
2v
dx
I (x )
2 dx
e 2 x
e
e
2 x
dv
2e2 x v
dx
3
2
dv
v
dx
e
2 dx
1
2
=v
3
2
e2 x
dv
2e2 x v
dx
1.2
1.3
B xn
1.1
An
d 2x
(e v )
dx
2 by I(x)
2e2 x
1.2
e v = e
? y2
2x
Exercise 3G
C ynExercise 3H
D f
2.70608
2.70879
2.7115
2.71421
2.71692
Exercise 3H
B xn
+ A v = 1 + Ae
C yn
=0+ 'n*0.1
7
6
0.6
8
7
0.7
9
8
0.8
10
9
0.9
11 10
1.
C11 =c10+0.1d10
1.1 1.2 1.3
2x
2.59927
2.62527
2.65152
2.67803
2.70481
and for h = 0.0001, y (1) = 2.7105461 and this is a

worse approx. of e
dv
2v
dx
2e2 x
D f
Exercise 3H
e2 x
B xn
=0+'n*0.001
997 996
0.996 2.70608
998 997
0.997 2.70879
999 998
0.998
2.7115
100 999
0.999 2.71421
1001 1000
1. 2.71692
C1001 =c1000+0.001d1000
dv
+ 2v = 2 (linear DE)
dx
I (x )
Exercise 3G
1.3
2 x
1
c e2 x
2
1 dy
;
y = y3 v
y 2 dx
v=
1.1
d 2 x
(e v )
dx
1
e2 x c v
2
An
1 by I(x)
2
1 Ae 2 x
?y
e
2 x
dv
2v
dx
1.2
C yn
=0+ 'n*0.01
97
96
0.96 2.59927
98
97
0.97 2.62527
99
98
0.98 2.65152
100
99
0.99 2.67803
101 100
1. 2.70481
C101 =c100+0.01d100
1 (linear DE)

2 x
1.1
1 dy
1 dv
2
1
;
+ 2 y = y2 2
+ = 2
y dx
v
v dx
v
2 x
1.77156
1.94872
2.14359
2.35795
2.59374
1.77156
1.94872
2.14359
2.35795
2.59374
Exercise 3H
y1_1
D f
Ae 2 x 1
0
8 6 4 2
2
4
6
y(1) = 2.59
Calculus: Chapter 3
25
WORKED SOLUTIONS
2 a, b and d
4 a
A xn B yn
2
8 6 4 2
2
8 x
1.2
B xn
C yn
D f
cos y = e x ( x + 1) + c (integrating RHS by parts)

y (2) = 1 c = cos1 3e2
y = arccos(e x ( x + 1) + cos1 3e2 )
y (3) = 1.2308...
6.11825
6.12637
6.13449
6.14263
6.15077
exact value is y = 1.23
y(1) = 4.1507... when h = 0.001

dy
dx
dy
y
dx
2x y
I (x )
1dx
2 x (linear DE)
e x
dy
y 2 x by I(x),
dx
d x
(e y ) 2 xe x
dx
dy
e x y
dx
2 xe x
2( x 1) c e x
y (0 )
1 c
?y
2( x 1) 2e x and y(1)
Ax
C f
2 1.8
1.6
3 1.6
1.736
4 1.4 1.64526...
5 1.2 1.49588...
6 1. 1.33635...
B6 =b5+0.2c5
y( 1)
b
4 2e
dy
y
2x
dx
1 x2
5
1 32
f (3)
A
1 x2
5
1 x2
? f (x )
0.5 ! 0.48.
So the approximation gives the correct

value to 1 d.p.
6 a
1.34
1.1
1.2
1.3
A xn B yn
1.1 1.2 1.3
0.42151...
0.38228...
0.34755...
0.31674...
0.28932...
1 A
y (2)
0.68
0.453696
0.74688...
0.79766...
0.78583...
ln(1 x 2 ) c y
? ln y
Exercise 3H
B y
Cf
2 xy
(separable)
1 x2
dy
dx
The approximation gives the correct

answer to 3 s.f.
1.2
Exercise 3H
1.3
y = 0.48
b
?y
1.1
1.2
7 2.6 0.62902...
8 2.7 0.58687...
9 2.8 0.54864...
10 2.9 0.51389...
11 3. 0.48221...
B11 =b10+0.1c10
e x y = 2 xe x dx e x y = 2( x + 1)e x + c
3 a
1.1
A xn B yn
e.g. Graphical method not reliable to predict

values which are not close to initial value.
5 a

e x
dy
x
=
dx
sin y e x
sin ydy = xe x dx
Exercise 3H
1.3
=0+ 'n*0.0
997 996
0.996 4.12625
998 997
0.997 4.13237
999 998
0.998 4.13849
100 999
0.999 4.14463
1001 1000
1. 4.15077
C1001 =c1000+0.001d1000
y = 1.24
An
Cf
7 2.6 1.16285... 0.21037...

8 2.7 1.18389... 0.19593...
9 2.8 1.20349... 0.18243...
10 2.9 1.22173... 0.16980...
11 3. 1.23871... 0.15799...
B11 =b10+0.1c10
y1_1
1.1
Exercise 3H
1.1 1.2 1.3
Exercise 3H
1.1 1.2 1.3
Exercise 3H
Cf
Exercise 3H
y1_1
1
1
1
0.
1.
1.
2 0.25
1.25
1.5625
3 0.5 1.640625 2.69165...
4 0.75 2.31353... 5.35245...
5 ...
...
...
B4 =b3+0.25c3
Calculus: Chapter 3
26
WORKED SOLUTIONS
b
dy
dy
1
= y 2 2 = dx = x + c
dx
y
y
y =
1.1 1.2
1
x +c
( )
2/99
1.(3), y(0.5)
2 and y(0.75)
T(1) = 30.3
The error increased as the value of x increased.

d
7 a
( )
x
55
x + 20
+2tan1
0.16=In
+
20
15
x 20
30.258155
1
1 x
y(0.25)
c
Done
(( )
nSolve In
y (0) = 1 c = 1
?y
Exercise 3H
f1(x):=5.E6(x4204)
The rate of decrease of temperature of a body

is proportional to the fourth power of the
temperature of the body.
1.1
Exercise 3H
1.2
A xn B yn
Cf
1
0.
35.
2 0.25 33.3242...
3 0.5 31.9826...
4 0.75 30.8748...
5
1. 29.9389...
B5 =b4+0.25c4
decrease the step (e.g. for h = 0.1, T(1) = 30.1)

1.1
6.703125
5.36609...
4.43154...
3.74346...
3.21712...
8 a
1.1
1.2
1.3
y
1.0
yn
0.4
M
dT 4 M 3 k
2
T dt

M
0.2
Exercise 3H
1.3
C f
1
0.
0.
2 0.25
0.25
3 0.5 0.48485...
4 0.75 0.68103...
5
1. 0.83104...
B5 =b4+0.25c4
dT
= 4 k (T 4 M 4 ) QED
dt
4
T 20
T
t
2 arctan
T 20
20 25
1.2
A xn B yn
ln
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 x

xn
0.2 0
0.2
2 M
2 M dT
2
+ 2
4 M 3k = 0
2
2
+
T
M
M
T
d
t
1 dT
k
4
4
T M dt
Exercise 3H
0.6
1.1
1.2
1.3
4
T 20
T
t
2 arctan
T 20
20 25
4
2
8
6
y1_1
11
7
2 arctan
3
4
T
2 0
2
ln
T 20
1.
0.93941...
0.78472...
0.60003...
0.43559...
y
6
11
7
+ 2arctan
3
4
ln
Exercise 3H
1.4
T (0) = 35 c = ln
0.8
T +M
T
c ln
+ 2arctan
4 M 3 kt = c
T M
M
1
1

T M T M
1
Cf
8
0.7 31.2614... 3.975387
9
0.8 30.8639... 3.73707...
10 0.9 30.4902... 3.52129...
11
1. 30.1381... 3.32509...
12
B11 =b10+0.1c10
T(1) = 29.9
Exercise 3H
1.2
A xn B yn
1 ln
2 arctan
T 20
20 25
11
7
2 arctan
3
4
ln
Calculus: Chapter 3
27
WORKED SOLUTIONS
Review exercise
dT
dt
1 a
dT
k (T 23)
ln T 23
(v 1)
dx
2
= ln x + c
x
v 1
2
v
1
ln x c
dv =
k dt
T 23
ekt c
kt c T 23
2
1
ln
x

c
?y
Aekt 23
?T
T (0 )
90 A 23
T (10)
70 67e10 k 23
b i
k=
90 A
67
cos2 ( x )
38.7
? cos 2 ( x ) y
50 and A(10) = 47 k =
?t
112.02...
ln 2 t
ln 2
k
1 47
ln
10 50
y2 1
dy
2
y 1
dx
x
y
6 a
2x 2
dy
dx
ln x c
x y
2
x
2

vx
dy
dx
dv
dx
dv
dx
dv
dx
1 v2
QED
2
dv
dx
1 v2
dv
2
dx
dx
x
the variables can be separated QED
3 S

4
8
f ( x , y ))
vx
dv
dx
dv 3v 2 + 1
dv
v2 + 1
=
x
=
which is
dx
2v
dx
2v
2v
dv =
+1
y (1)
x dx ln(v
y
2A
+ 1) = ln x + c
A x 1
x
y
1
x
Ax
5x y
x 5 x 1, x t
1
5
Exercise 3H
1.1
y
5
1 (v 1)
2
dv
x
2
(v 1)2
2c
1 1 v2
v
x 2
dy
dx
vx
? v2 1
f ( x , y ))
vx
1 S
c
4
8
1
1
sin(2 x ) + x + c
4
2
equation above,
vx
cos(2 x ) 1
dx
2
3y2 x 2
(Note that f (O x , O y )
2
xy
dy
dx
v+x
x
tan ln
3
dy
dx
(Note that f (O x , O y )
vx
equation above,
f x,y
As y
( x )dx
1
3 S
1
tan( x ) x sec2 ( x )
2
4
8
2
As y
ln x ln(3) y
x 2 y2
cos2 ( x ) which is
f x,y
y (3) = 0 arctan(0) = ln(3) + c c = ln(3)
? arctan( y )
y
4
112 to 3 s.f.
dy
1
dx
? arctan( y )
cos2 ( x ) y =
A0
dy
y2
3 x
dx
cos(2 x ) 1
it follows that
2
cos2 ( x ) y
A0
1
1
A0 A0 e kt = A0 kt
2
2
cos
As cos2 ( x )
A=
4 a
dy
2 cos( x )sin( x ) y
dx
A0 e kt
?A
cos 2 ( x )
an exact DE
ln A = kt + c A = e kt + c
A0 ec
2 tan( x ) dx
2 tan( x ) y
dx
by I(x),
dA
dA
= kA
= k dt
dt
A
A(0 )
I (x )
dy
70
1 47
ln
10 67
40 t
ii T (t )
x
4
f1(x) = x 5 x 1
3
2
(1, 2)
1
1 0
1
5x
Calculus: Chapter 3
28
WORKED SOLUTIONS
7
( x 2 + y 2 ) + 2 xy
dy
dy
x 2 + y2
=0
=
dx
dx
2 xy
Multiplying both sides of dy

dx
dy
xy

d
x
x2

4
4x
(homogeneous DE)
dx
dx
equation above,
dv
v2 + 1
dv
3v 2 + 1
v+x
=v +
x
=
which is
dx
2v
dx
2v
? x 3 3 xy 2
8 a
dy
dx
a
,a
x3
1
4x
ec
dy
dx
cos( x ) ( y tan( x ) 1)
dy
cos( x )
sin( x ) y
dx
4 x2
2
4 x2
dx
x

2 arcsin c
2
1
2
y (0 )
1 c
?y
2 4 x 2 arcsin
4 x2
2
2

a, a ! 0 QED
y tan( x ) 1 cos(x)
? I (x )
4x
a
y
3 1
x3
x
x ! 0 3v 2 1
1
1
dx ln(3v 2 1) = ln x + c
x
3
2
2v
3v 2 1 dv
4 x2
1
d
y
dx 4 x 2
2 by I(x),
As y = vx dy = v + x dv , substituting in the
xy
4 x2
2.117 (to 3 d.p.) (use GDC)
y(0 )
Exercise 3H
1.1 1.2
y
5
cos( x ) (exact DE)
2
2
1 x 4 x
4 f1(x) = 24 x sin 2 + 2
3
cos( x ) is an integrating factor.
()
dy
sin( x ) y
dx
cos( x )
cos( x ) y
cos( x ) y
?y
?y
9 a
2c
1.1
1
2
3
4
5
C4
c
cos( x )
10 a
2
(or ? y
cos( x )
I (x )
11
2 is a linear DE
4 x 2 dx
Ae D t
V (0 )
V0 A
ln 4 x 2
2
7x
xy
V0 e D t
V0
V
1
V0 e t = 0 t = ln
3
3
3
ln 3
?t
D
dy
dx
1 y 2 is a variable separable DE
dy
1
4 x2
V0
V =
1 y
1
?V
?V
=c3+d30.2
lnV = T + c
B xn
C yn
Df
=0+0.2*n
0.
1
2.
0.2
1.4 1.92929
0.4
1.78586 1.81397
0.6
2.14865 1.64583
dy
xy

dx
4 x2
dV
dV
= V
= dt
dt
V
tan( x ) 2 sec( x ))
Answer: 2.149
b
The graph is increasing for 0 < x < 0.6 which

explains why the approximate solution is greater
than the exact one.
Exercise 3H
1.2
0
1
2
3
cos( x ) dx
tan( x )
An
1 0
1
sin( x ) c
tan( x )
y (0 )
cos( x )
x dx 2 ln( y
1)
ln x c
y (2) = 0 c = ln
2
Calculus: Chapter 3
29
WORKED SOLUTIONS
1
ln( y 2 1)
2
ln x ln
2
? x 2 4 y2
4 or
y2 1
x
2
x2 4
,D
2
] f, 2[]2, f[
y
4
1
(ln x + ln(4 x )) = kt + c
4
y = 0.5x
d2 y
dx 2
x2 4y2 = 4
5 4 3 2 1
1
5 x
2
3
12
kx = mv
k
dv
k x dx = m v dv
dx
x2
v2
=m +c
2
2
v (0 )
v0 m
k
v
v02
c
2
2
0
x
2
m
r
v
v
m kx 2
2
2
m
v02
2
mv 2 mv02
k mv02
m
1
a
b

x
x 4
4x x 2
b and 4b
1
4
a = , b =
dz
1
=
( x 2 lx ) QED
dx 125l 3
dy
dx
z
1
125l 3
y (0 )
kx 2 mv02
m
1
4x x 2
0c
dx
dx
= kx (4 x )
= k dt
dt
4x x 2
(variable separable DE)
x4
lx 3
x

c

12
6
1500
0c
x4
lx 3
x

or

12
6
1500
?y
1
125l 3
x4
lx 3
l3x

6
12
12
lx 2
l3
d2 y
1 x3

2
12
dx 2
125l 3 3
1
=
( x 2 lx )
3
125l
dy
dx
y (l )
lx 2
1 x3
1

2 1500
125l 3 3
1
125l 3
1
4
dy
dx
?y
(a b ) x 4 a
4x x 2
1 3 x2
2lx

2
125l 3 3
dz
dx
? v (1)
13
1
( x 2 lx )
125l 3
1 x3
lx 2
1

3
2 1500
125l 3
Ae 4 kt , 0 x 4
? 4x x 2
14 a
1 1
1

dx = k dt
4 x 4 x
1
125l 3
l4
l4
l4

6
12
12
24
1
4 u 23
43 u 2

3
6
12
125 u 4 12
maximum distance below [AB]
y(2)
1
;
1200
Calculus: Chapter 3
30

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WORKED SOLUTIONS

Modeling dynamic phenomena

(assuming principal restriction)

0 which is true for all x \

? y sin( x ) is solution of the differential

? y x e  x is solution of the differential equation

e  x is solution of the differential

sin(2 x ) e x  2(cos(2 x ) e x  2 sin(2x ) e x dx )

which is true for all x \

x 2ex 2x e x + 2ex + c or (x2 2x + 2)ex + c

k cos(kx )  k cos(kx )  k 2 x sin(kx )

x sin( x )  sin( x )dx

contains the point (1, 1).

To check answers, differentiate both sides of the

orthogonal at these points.

At each point ( x , y ), x z 0, y z 0 the gradients

because it cannot be written in the form

e xy is not a variable separable equation

P(10) = 100 (11)

(0.01  0.001t )dt

Multiplying both sides of

100e 0.01t  0.0005t

ln|P| = 0.01t + 0.0005t2 + c

Multiplying both sides of

i.e., approx. 50 years.

equation can be written as

So, the drivers blood alcohol rate was within the

Multiplying both sides of

(sec( x ) y ) = 1 which is an exact DE

Multiplying both sides of

Multiplying both sides of

(use integration by parts)

Multiplying both sides of

Multiplying both sides of

the equation is exact.

the equation is linear

the equation is variable separable

the equation is exact.

the equation is linear

the equation is linear

the equation is linear

the equation is exact.

the equation is linear

the equation is exact.

the equation is linear

Use cooling model equation T (t )

the equation is variable separable

Multiplying both sides of

the equation is linear

the equation is variable separable

Multiplying both sides of

So the temperature outside is approximately

250 grams (3s.f.)

Note: when g = 9.8, s = 481 metres

Note: For g = 9.8, v = 95.3 ms1

with k = 0.5 and m = 90

54.7 year. So not in the rst

Since solution is owing out at 10l/m and the

5000 + 0.04 x = Ae0.04 t

with nal solution y = Ax3 x

Use two different methods to solve the following

terms have different degrees nonhomogeneous DE

the equation contains term in y2

it is not possible to re-arrange the equation

? y x e x is solution of the differential equation

e x is solution of the differential

sin(2 x ) e x 2(cos(2 x ) e x 2 sin(2x ) e x dx )

k cos(kx ) k cos(kx ) k 2 x sin(kx )

x sin( x ) sin( x )dx

e xy is not a variable separable equation

(0.01 0.001t )dt

100e 0.01t 0.0005t

? ( y 1)2 2( y 1)( x 1) ( x 1)2

Multiplying both sides of dy