LTE Cell Planning

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The general process includes information collection, pre-planning, detailed planning,

and cell planning. In the cell planning, main concerns are frequency planning, TA
planning, PCI planning, and PRACH planning.

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LTE Cell Planning

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Application scenario: Adapt to situations with integrated operator frequency resources

and consecutive frequency bands. If the frequency point bandwidth is wide (>=10MHz), it
can be used as the initial network construction mode of the urban or densely-populated
urban areas. Basically satisfy the phase one capacity requirements. Use relatively narrow
frequency point bandwidth (<=10MHz) to implement wide coverage of suburban and rural
areas; thus reducing the initial network construction cost.

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LTE Cell Planning

ICIC is a technology that mitigates inter-cell interference together with the scheduling and
power control technologies. ICIC is applied at the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer.
ICIC restricts highly interfering CEUs within the orthogonal bands at the edge of cells or
schedules the CEUs in neighboring cells at different points of time. In this way, ICIC
mitigates inter-cell interference, increases the CEU throughput, and improves the system
coverage. This document provides the details on ICIC.

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TA: Similar to the location area and routing area in 2G/3G networks, the tracking area
(TA) is used for paging. TA planning aims to reduce location update signaling caused
by location changes in the LTE system.

TA list : A list of TAIs that identify the tracking areas that the UE can enter without
performing a tracking area updating procedure. The TAIs in a TAI list assigned by an
MME to a UE pertain to the same MME area. In LTE system, if an UE changes the
TAs in the TAI list, TA update wont be triggered.

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LTE Cell Planning

TA: Similar to the location area and routing area in 2G/3G networks, the tracking area
(TA) is used for paging. TA planning aims to reduce location update signaling caused
by location changes in the LTE system.

TA list : A list of TAIs that identify the tracking areas that the UE can enter without
performing a tracking area updating procedure. The TAIs in a TAI list assigned by an
MME to a UE pertain to the same MME area. In LTE system, if an UE changes the
TAs in the TAI list, TA update wont be triggered.

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LTE Cell Planning

TA: Similar to the location area and routing area in 2G/3G networks, the tracking area
(TA) is used for paging. TA planning aims to reduce location update signaling caused
by location changes in the LTE system.

TA list : A list of TAIs that identify the tracking areas that the UE can enter without
performing a tracking area updating procedure. The TAIs in a TAI list assigned by an
MME to a UE pertain to the same MME area. In LTE system, if an UE changes the
TAs in the TAI list, TA update wont be triggered.

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LTE Cell Planning

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LTE Cell Planning

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LTE Cell Planning

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LTE Cell Planning

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PCI: Physical Cell ID, is used to generate scrambling code to identify the different cell

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PCI: Physical Cell ID, is used to generate scrambling code to identify the different cell

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LTE Cell Planning

Differences between a scrambling code and a PCI: The scrambling code ranges from
0 to 511 whereas the PCI ranges from 0 to 503. In addition, the protocols do not have
specific requirements for scrambling code planning. Therefore, only the reuse
distance needs to be ensured in scrambling code planning. For PCI planning,
however, 3GPP protocols require that the value of PCI/3 should be 0, 1, or 2 in each
eNB.

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LTE Cell Planning

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Type country 1: BEL, CVA, CYP, CZE, DNK, E, FIN, GRC, IRL, ISL, LTU, MCO, SMR, SUI,
SVN,

UKR, AZE, SRB.

Type country 2: AND, BIH, BLR, BUL, D, EST, G, HNG, I, MDA, RUS (Exclave), GEO

Type country 3: ALB, AUT, F, HOL, HRV, POL, POR, ROU, RUS, S, MLT

Type country 4:LIE, LUX, LVA, MKD, MNE, NOR, SVK, TUR.

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LTE Cell Planning

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LTE Cell Planning

A CP is a copy of the end of an OFDM symbol to the start position of the symbol. Each CP
generates a guard interval between two OFDM symbols.

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LTE Cell Planning

The symbol energy that can be captured by the OFDM receiver depends on the CP length:

If the CP is longer than the multipath delay of an OFDM symbol, the OFDM
receiver can capture all energy of the symbol.
If the CP is shorter than the multipath delay of an OFDM symbol, the OFDM
receiver can capture only some energy of the symbol.

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LTE Cell Planning

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The random access procedure is used in various scenarios, including initial access,
handover, or re-establishment. Like other 3GPP systems the random access procedure
provides a method for contention and non-contention based access. The PRACH (Physical
Random Access Channel) includes RA (Random Access) preambles generated from ZC
(Zadoff-Chu) sequences.

There are five preamble formats defined which four of them are for FDD

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LTE Cell Planning

Other preamble formats then Format 0 and Format 4 (TDD) are available only with the
LOFD-001009 Extended Cell Access Radius feature.

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LTE Cell Planning

c = speed of light (300000km/h)

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* in fact, with the lowest configuration, where we assume maximum cell radius of 790m
we assign only one value per cell. Further explanation on following slides.

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LTE Cell Planning

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PRACH configuration is defined by the following parameters

Root sequence, setting in the eNodeB

Ncs: Automatically setting based on the cell radius configuration

PRACHfrequency offset: Scheduled by eNodeB

High speed flag: Indicate whether the cell is for high speed

All the parameters all carried by Sib2

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LTE Cell Planning

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LTE Cell Planning

Calculations:

ZeroCorrZone

Ncs

Preamble
Format

T_GT (ms)

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

839
13
15
18
22
26
32
38
46
59
76
93
119
167
279
419

3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
1
1

715.625
96.875
96.875
96.875
96.875
96.875
96.875
96.875
96.875
96.875
96.875
96.875
196.875
196.875
515.625
515.625

Max Delay
Max Cell Radius
Max Cell Radius
Spread [ms] (according to T_GT) [km] (according to Ncs) [km]
16.666
5.208
5.208
5.208
5.208
5.208
5.208
5.208
5.208
5.208
5.208
5.208
5.208
5.208
16.666
16.666

107.344
14.531
14.531
14.531
14.531
14.531
14.531
14.531
14.531
14.531
14.531
14.531
29.531
29.531
77.344
77.344

117.214
0.792
1.078
1.507
2.079
2.651
3.510
4.368
5.512
7.371
9.803
12.234
15.953
22.818
37.119
57.143

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LTE Cell Planning

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LTE Cell Planning

Here is an another example for the root sequence planning, suppose the cell radius is
10km

The Ncs value is determined by the cell radius. If the cell radius is 9.8 km, the
Ncs value is 76
The value of 839/76 is rounded down to 11, that is, each index can generate
11 preamble sequences. In this case, six root sequence indexes are required
to generate 64 preamble sequences.

The number of available root sequence indexes is 139 (0, 6, 12828)

The available root sequence indexes are assigned to cells. The assignment
principles are similar to those for PCIs.

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LTE Cell Planning

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