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Asexual Reproduction
One parent produces genetically identical offspring
Types of asexual reproduction
Binary Fission (mitosis)
one cell divides into 2
from RegentsPrep.org
Budding
One parent divides genetic material equally, but cytoplasm unequally
Example: yeast
from RegentsPrep.org
Sporulation
One parent makes spores which develop into offpsring
Example: bread mold
Sporulation
Topic
from RegentsPrep.org
Regeneration
Part of an organism can grow a new individual
Examples: planaria, starfish
Cloning
Using the genetic material from one organism to make a genetically identical offspring.
Vegetative Propagation
Part of plant becomes a new plant
Runners (stems extend from existing stems)
Bulbs - underground stems
Tubers - understand stems
Rhizomes - stems that grow under the soil
Cuttings - pieces of roots, stems, or leaves that develop into new plants
Grafting - a cutting from one plant is attached to the main body of a rooted plant
Sexual Reproduction in Plants
from users.rcn.com—Angiosperm.html
Sexual reproduction happens in plants when the pollen and eggs combine to make a new plant
2 parents create a genetically original offspring
Female Plant parts
pistil/carpel
all the female parts -- ovaries, stigma, style
ovaries
contain ovules, which make the eggs
Male Plant parts
Stamen (name for all of the male parts)
Filament
Holds up the anther so the pollen can be dispersed
Anther
contains pollen grains
Anther
Topic contains pollen grains
Parts that are neither Male or Female
petals
sepals
Sexual Reproduction in Humans
Two parents create genetically unique offspring
from RegentsPrep.org
Made possible by meiosis
The process where sex cells are made
1 round of meiosis makes 4 sperms cells
1 round of meiosis makes 1 egg cell and 3 polar bodies
Male Reproductive System
from RegentsPrep.org
testes
produce sperm
scrotum
a sac that holds the testes
sac hangs just outside the man's body
creates a slightly cooler environment which is better for sperm
vas deferens
tube carrying sperm away from testes
prostate gland
gland that adds lubricating and other fluids to sperm
combination of sperm and other fluids is called semen
urinary bladder
holds the urine produced by the kidneys
urethra
tube carrying sperm to the outside of the body
penis
tube that delivers sperm to the female reproductive system
Female Reproductive System
from wikipedia.org
Topic Female Reproductive System
from wikipedia.org
Ovaries
produce eggs
secrete 2 hormones -- estrogen and progesterone
Fallopian tubes
site of fertilization
transport tube from ovary to uterus
Uterus
Baby room
Embryo will implant in uterine wall
Cervix
connects the uterus and vagina
expands to allow the baby's head to fit through during bith
Vagina
The tube in which sperm is delivered from the male into the female reproductive system
Menstrual Cycle
from pregnancy-calendars.net
Forms the beginning of the new organism
Single cell divides into ball of cells through process called cleavage
Fertilized egg must travel from the fallopian tubes to the uterus
Morula (#1 below)
4-16 cells
3-4 days after fertilization
Starts to travel toward uterus
Derived from word for mulberry (lots of bumps)
from wikipedia.org
Blastula (#2 below)
Hollow ball of cells
from RegentsPrep.org
These 3 layers develop/differentiate into specific types of cells
3 layers
ectoderm - becomes nervous system, skin, hair, nails
mesodern - becomes muscles, circulatory system, skeleton, excretory system, testes/ovaries
endodern - becomes lining of digestive and respiratory tracts, parts of liver, pancreas
Embryo
Developing organism weeks 0-8
from RegentsPrep.org
Yolk Sac
Initial source of nutrition for embryo
Develops into gut
Fetus
Developing organism weeks 9-40
Fetus
Topic Developing organism weeks 9-40
from RegentsPrep.org
Placenta
Fluid-filled sac containing developing embryo/fetus
from wikipedia.org
Baby is connected to mom's blood supply by umbilicial cord
Part baby's, part mom's