Subject : Instructional Media

Name : Putri Ayuna Saraswati

Nim : 15220133
Class : B-1 2015 karyawan
Lecturer : Rissa San Rizqiya

SUMMARY
VISUAL
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Definition : Is a way of learning in which information is associated with images.

Role : to help students understand the lesson through pictures

Advantage :
Effective for illiterate receiver
Helps in oral communication
Easy explanation
Simple presentation
Reduce teacher talking time
Makes the class more dynamic and fun
Disadvantage :
Lack of students ability to speak
Students tend to be less active
Costly
Complex presentation
Incomplete method
Wastage of time

Example : Types of visual media include digital and printed images, photography,
graphic design, fashion, videos, architectural structures and fine arts. Visual media is seen
on billboards, smartphones, newspapers, screen projectors, posters, televisions,
computers and various other mediums and devices.

AUDIO
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Definition : Is learning style in which a person learns trough listening

Role :
To teach listening skill
To teach pronounciation and intonation
Characteristics :
Sound clarity
Relevant to the topic
Clear pitch of the audio

Appropriate length
Appropriate language
Unbiased context
Advantage :
Usefull to add maintain and stimulate interest
Can be use as a set induction strategy
Can clarity problem and ambiguity
Can eid memory
Can be use in stimulating emotion
Useful in distant learning
Helpful in stimulating creative thinking increase imagination
Helpful in learning language
Disadvantage :
Acsessing or selecting topics
Consume time
Can not learn read
Controling device is hard
Need more monitoring
Example :
Analog : Radio and tapes
Digital : CD, MP3, WAV

AUDIO-VISUAL
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Definition :
Role :
Audio-visual methods in teaching strengthen an instructors verbal presentation
Convey information mainly via sound and image instead of by text
Student often benefit from the visual/sound appeal of audio-visual methods in teaching
Characteristics :
Selective
Preparation
Physical control
Proper presentation
Response
Advantage :
Easy to understand the material because they are not only listen but also see the
presentation.
The student are fluent in speaking.
Audio-visual method enchance student learning and craete a more inviting atmosphere.
Diadvantages :
Basic method of teaching is repitition.
Mechanical drill of early audio-visual approach is boring mindless and counter
productive.

Audio-visual materials were open to same sort of misuse.

Audio-visual method does not develope writing and reading skill.
New materials necessitated extansive use of equipment with all associated problems of
black out, extantion leads, carrying tape-recorders from classroom to classroom.
Example : Television, Online video , DVD, Video tape

COMPUTER BASED
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Definition : computer-based learning is a term that can be used to describe virtually any kind of
learning program using computers as a central staple.
Characteristics :
Utilize the power of the computer
Utilizing multimedia technology
Utilizing electronic technologies
Using the media independent
Utilizing data exchange
Role :
Cognitive objectives : computers can teach the concepts of rules, principles, measure,
processes, and complex calculation.
The purpose of affective : when a program is design appropriately to give a piece of clip
sound or video whose contents arouse feelings, learning attitude / affective can be done
using computer media.
Psychomotor objectives : with this form of learning that is packaged in a very nice games
and simulation are used to create the conditions of the working world.
Advantages :
Privide opportunities for students to solve problems individually
Provide compelling presentation with animation
Provide learning content choices are many and varied
Capable of motivating student to learn
Capable of activating and stimulating methods of teaching well
Promoting the development of student understanding of the material presented easily
understood by student
Students had an experience that is concrete, increased student retention
Give direct feedback
Can accommodate students who are slow because it can create an effective learning
climate with a much more personal way
Can stimulate students to do the exercise because of the availability of animated graphics,
color and music
The handle is on the student so that the learning speed can be adjusted to the level of
ability

Disadvantages :
Learners with low motivation or bad study habits may fall behind

Without the routine structures of a traditional class, student may get lost or confused
about course activities and deadlines
Student may feel isolated from the intructor and classmates
Intrsuctor may not always be available when students are studying or need help
Slow internet connections or older computers may make accessing course materials
frustrating
Example :
Training and practice : in this computer-based learning students are given questions or
problems to be solved and then the computer will give a response to the answers given
student.
Tutorial : this learning model provides a lesson plan that is complex contains learning
materials, exercises and feedback.
Simulations : this learning model presents a system of learning by a process of imitation
by a process of imitation of the real thing in the form of animation.

REALIA
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Definition : realia is objects from real life used in classroom instruction by educators to improve
students understanding of other cultures and real life situations.
Role : realia in the classroom is all about the use of real life objects that students can touch, feel,
and even smell to effectively teach ESL components.
Advantages :
Engages various learners
Teaches vocabulary
Facilitates language acquisition and production
Allows students to experience with sense
Promote cultural understanding
Can serve as an introduction or support dor a lesson
Disadvantages:
Not always available
Not always practical for classroom use
Can pose potential safety hazards
Cost
Storage
Can be a source of distraction
Example : Brochures, Maps, and Documents