Candidate

Candidate Name Centre Number Number

General Certificate of Secondary Education

Welsh Joint Education Committee and OCR
(former Midland Examining Group) syllabus

GEOGRAPHY SYLLABUS B (Avery Hill) 1987/1

PAPER 1 FOUNDATION TIER
SPECIMEN PAPER FOR JUNE 2003 1 hour 30 minutes

Additional materials:
OS Map Extract (1987/M) Scale: 1 : 50 000
Resource Sheet (1987/1/2/RS)

TIME 1 hour 30 minutes

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Write your name, Centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page.
This question paper is in three sections (Sections A, B and C). Each section contains two questions.
Answer only one question from each section.
Answer all parts of the question chosen in the spaces provided. If there is not sufficient space,
continue on the lined pages at the end of the question paper. Any answers on the lined pages must be
clearly numbered.
At the end of the examination complete the grid below.

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

You are strongly advised to read through each section carefully before answering a question.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
Credit will be given for the relevant use of sketch maps and diagrams.
You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in answers.

Tick the For

Questions Examiner's
Answered Use
SECTION A Question 1
OR
Question 2
SECTION B Question 3
OR
Question 4
SECTION C Question 5
OR
Question 6
TOTAL

This specimen paper consists of 32 printed pages and 4 lined pages.

SB (KN/KN) 35573/3
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SECTION A

CLIMATE, THE ENVIRONMENT AND PEOPLE

Answer EITHER Question A1 OR Question A2.

Question A1

(a) In 1993 a low pressure weather system (depression) affected the east coast of the USA.
Weather Station A recorded the weather as the depression passed it.

Weather Station A Weather map symbols

CLOUD PRECIPITATION WIND
Symbol Cloud Symbol Precipitation Symbol Wind
amount speed
(oktas) (knots)
-8 0 Drizzle Calm
1 or less Rain and
* 2
3
drizzle
Rain
1-2

3-7
4 Rain and
5 snow 8-12
6 Snow
7 13-17
8 18-22
For each
additional
half-feather
add 5 knots
Station model Pressure
Cloud cover 992
Temperature 4 Isobars are drawn
(°C) at intervals of
4 mb
Precipitation Wind speed
and direction

Complete the table below by filling in the spaces for Weather Station A. Use the key to
help.

Weather Station A

Wind speed 38 to 43 knots

Temperature

Cloud Cover

Wind direction

Weather
[4]

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(b) Study the weather map below. It shows the depression on 13th March 1993 and the
location of two weather stations, A and B.

964

B
USA 972
A
-8

0
98 Atlantic
X Ocean

8
98

6
99

Gulf of
Mexico
10
04

0 km 250
Warm Cold
Pressure in millibars (mb)
front front
Source: based on data provided by United States Weather Service
(i) On the map write the following words:
Warm on the warm front
Cold on the cold front
Low at the centre of the low pressure centre. [3]

(ii) What is the air pressure at the isobar closest to the centre of this weather system?

millibars. [1]

(iii) Complete the following sentence. ‘An isobar is a line on a weather map that

’ [1]

(iv) Add the following information to Weather Station B on the map.

Temperature 1 °C
Cloud cover 3 oktas [2]
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(v) Circle the correct words below to compare the weather at the two weather stations.

The temperature at A was warmer than / colder than / the same as the
temperature at B.

Cloud cover at A was greater than / less than / the same as cloud cover at B.
[2]

(c) The diagram below shows a cross-section from X to Y through the weather system on
the map.

Cold
front
Direction of weather system movement

Warm
Cold air front
Warm Air
Weather Weather
Station Station Cold
A B air

X Km Y
0 250 500 750 1000

Key
Snow Drizzle Rain Cloud

Give reasons for the weather differences between Weather Station A and Weather
Station B. You may use the diagram and map to help.

Reason for differences in temperature:

Reason for differences in cloud cover:

[4]

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(d) Study the map below. It shows the route of the low pressure system as it passed over
the USA.

14th March a.m.

Record low temperature
in east USA and south of
CANADA Canada
Lake 12 metre high waves at sea
Huron
Lake
Ontario

Lake
Erie New York
13th March p.m.
Heavy snow 1 metre deep
Winds at 80 kph

USA

13th March p.m.

High tides and freezing
temperatures
Atlantic
Ocean

13th-15th March
Giant waves
at sea
N Route of depression

Gulf of
Flo

0 km 250
Mexico
rid

13th March a.m.

a

Position of low Thunderstorms and

pressure centre on tornadoes
12th March 1993

Source: based on continuous satellite images (N.A.S.A.)

(i) Describe the route taken by the low pressure system between 12th and 14th
March.

[3]

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(ii) Suggest how the low pressure system shown on the map could have affected the
lives of people.

[5]

(e) CASE STUDY: The effect of a type of climate on the lives of people.

For a named place you have studied, describe its climate and explain how it has
affected or affects the lives of people.

(i) Type of climate

Name of the place you have studied

(ii) Describe the type of climate.

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(iii) Explain how this type of climate affects or has affected the lives of people.

[5]

Total mark 30

End of Question A1

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Answer EITHER Question A1 OR Question A2.

Question A2

(a) Study the world map below. It shows where a type of forest grows.

Europe Asia
North
America

Tropic of Cancer
Africa

Equator
South
America
Tropic of Capricorn

Australasia

0 2000 4000km

Key: Source: World vegetation map (Internet)

Coniferous forest
location of Pitea in Sweden

(i) Name the type of forest shown on the map.

forest. [1]

(ii) Name two parts of the world where this forest type can be found.

2 [2]

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(b) Study the climate graph below. It is for the town of Pitea in Sweden. Pitea is located on
the world map opposite.

A climate graph for Pitea in Sweden

15 15
Temperature (°C)
10 Growing 10
season
5 5

0 0

-5 -5
Precipitation (mm)

Total precipitation = 600 millimetres

100 100

50 50

J F M A M J J A S O N D
Growing season has temperatures above 6°C

Coniferous trees grow well around Pitea. They have

thin needles and a thick bark. They use cones for
spreading seeds and have long roots.
Their tall, thin shape is also an advantage.

(i) What is the temperature in August? [1]

(ii) Complete the graph using the figure below.

Temperature: March –3 °C [1]

(iii) The growing season starts in May and ends in [1]

(iv) Why do trees not grow in other months?

[2]

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(v) Coniferous trees live in this climate. Complete the table to show how each feature
helps the tree to live in this climate.

Feature Way it helps

Thick bark

Long roots

Tall thin shape

[3]
(c) Study the map below. It shows the pH of rain falling on Pitea and the countries of
Scandinavia. (pH is a measure of acidity)

Acid rain over Scandinavia

(numbers are values of pH)
N 0 200 400km 5.0

4.7
4.8 Pitea
4.5

4.2 Finland
Sweden
4.4
4.5 Norway
4.0
4.5
g
lin
ai

4.8
ev
Pr

Denmark
in
w

4.2

United
Kingdom 4.5

Scandinavia = Norway, Sweden, Finland and Denmark

Normal
rain Neutral

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Acid Alkaline
pH values and acidity

(i) Complete on the map the line showing a pH value of 4.5 in Scandinavia. [1]

(ii) Circle below the direction of the prevailing wind marked on the map.

South easterly North westerly South westerly North easterly

[1]

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(d) (i) What do you understand by the term ‘acid rain’?

[2]

How the United Kingdom causes acid rain in Scandinavia

Prevailing wind

Sulphur and Acid rain

nitrogen
given off

Lake
North Sea
Factories Power Motor
Coniferous
stations vehicles trees
UNITED KINGDOM SCANDINAVIA

(ii) Use the diagram above to help you explain how the United Kingdom (UK) may
cause acid rain in Scandinavia.

[4]

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(e) Look at the diagram below. It shows the food web for the ecosystem around Pitea.

A food web for the area around Pitea

Lynx Arctic fox Snowy owl Arctic wolf Woodpecker

Consumers
Arctic hare Lemming Reindeer Crossbill Insects

Producers Moss, lichen Coniferous trees Shrubs

& grasses

Decomposers

(i) Draw an arrow on the diagram to show that reindeer eat moss. [1]

(ii) What does the term ‘ecosystem’ mean?

[1]

(iii) Acid rain kills trees and other plants. Suggest how acid rain could change the food
web.

[4]

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(f) CASE STUDY: Managing an ecosystem for sustainability.

Name and locate an ecosystem you have studied. Describe the ecosystem and
explain how it has been managed so that it is sustainable.

(i) Name of ecosystem

Location of ecosystem

(ii) Describe the ecosystem.

(iii) Explain how the ecosystem has been managed so that it is sustainable.

[5]

Total mark 30

End of Question A2

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SECTION B

WATER, LANDFORMS AND PEOPLE

Answer EITHER Question B3 OR Question B4.

Question B3

(a) Study the diagram below. It shows part of a drainage basin.

;;;;
5
Cloud

Precipitation

;;;;
6

Trees

;;;;;;;;
Soil

Soil

1 3
2
Rock Rock

(i) Complete the table below by placing a number from the diagram next to the correct
term.

Term Number

Transpiration 6

River channel

Evaporation

Groundwater movement

Condensation

Percolation
[3]

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(ii) Name one flow and one store shown on the diagram.

One flow is

One store is [2]

(iii) Describe three ways in which the movement of water may change if the trees
were cut down.

First way

Second way

Third way

[3]

(b) Study the map on the Resource Sheet. It shows an area of China which flooded in
1997.

(i) What is the direction of flow of the Ussuri River?

The Ussuri River flows in a direction. [1]

(ii) The Ussuri River flooded. Name another river on the map that flooded.

The River. [1]

(iii) Circle one of the figures below to show the length of river that flooded to the east of
Harbin City.

100 200 300 400 kilometres [1]

(iv) Suggest two reasons for the flooding. Use evidence from the map to help.

First Reason

Second Reason

[4]

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(c) Study the flood hydrograph below. It shows rainfall and river flow at Harbin City, which is
shown on the map.

40
Peak

30 Level above which river will flood

River flow
in cubic
metres per 20
second
(cumecs)

10

12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
Noon Noon Noon Noon Noon Noon Noon Noon
0
11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th
100 Peak

80

Rainfall 60
in
millimetres 40

20

0
11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th
Dates in July 1997

(i) Complete the rainfall graph using the following figure.

13th July = 80 millimetres of rain [1]

(ii) For how long did the river flood at Harbin City?

[1]

(iii) Describe the pattern of river flow (discharge) shown by the graph.

[2]

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(iv) Explain why there was a delay between peak rainfall and peak river flow.

[2]

(d) Suggest what people and organisations might do to protect property when they are
given a flood warning.

[4]

(e) CASE STUDY: Water shortages and a sustainable water supply.

Name a place that has experienced a water shortage. Describe what caused the
shortage and explain what could be done to provide a sustainable water supply.

(i) Name of place

(ii) Describe how the water shortage affected people.

(iii) Explain what could be done to provide a sustainable water supply.

[5]
Total mark 30
End of Question B3

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Answer EITHER Question B3 OR Question B4.

Question B4

(a) Study the Ordnance Survey (OS) Map Extract. It shows part of the Yorkshire coast.

(i) Give four figure grid references for:

Ulrome Sands Grid reference

South Cliff at Hornsea Grid reference [2]

(ii) Give the direction of longshore drift between these two places.

From to . [1]

(b) There was a cliff collapse at point D on the map in 1997.

(i) Give a six figure grid reference for point D.

Grid ref [1]

(ii) What is meant by ‘erosion’?

[2]

(iii) Describe what would happen to the material which is eroded at point D.

[2]

(c) Study Photograph A on the Resource Sheet. It shows the area of collapsed cliff at
point D on the map.

(i) Describe the photograph using the following headings:

cliff:

location of house

[4]

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(ii) Give two ways in which the cliff collapse may affect the owners of the house.

First way:

Second way:

[4]

(d) The local council has protected the cliff at Hornsea.

The protected area is shown between points S and T on the map.

Part of it is also shown on Photograph B on the Resource Sheet.

(i) What is the length of the protected area?

kilometres. [1]

(ii) List two ways the local council has used to protect the area of coast shown in the
photograph. Explain how each might protect the coast.

First way

How it might protect the coast

Second way

How it might protect the coast

[4]

(iii) Suggest why the local council has protected the coast at Hornsea.

[4]

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(e) CASE STUDY: A landform created by a river.

Name and locate a landform created by a river.

Describe the landform and explain how it was created.

(i) Name of landform:

Where is this landform?

(ii) Describe the landform. Use maps and diagrams if you wish.

(iii) Explain how it was formed by the river.

[5]

Total mark 30

End of Question B4

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SECTION C

PEOPLE, WORK AND DEVELOPMENT

Answer EITHER Question C5 OR Question C6.

Question C5

(a) The line D – D on the world map below divides the world into MEDCs (More
Economically Developed Countries) and LEDCs (Less Economically Developed
Countries)

More Economically
Developed Countries
(MEDCs)

France
USA
China
Tropic of Cancer

Senegal
Equator
Less Economically
Developed Countries
(LEDCs)
Tropic of Capricorn

(i) Look at the map above. Tick the boxes in the table below to show whether each
named country is an LEDC or an MEDC.

The USA has been done for you.

Country LEDC MEDC

USA ✔

China

Senegal

France
[2]

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(ii) The table below shows information about these four countries.

Percentage of Children per Life expectancy Percentage

population living woman (years) working in
in urban areas primary industry

USA 75 2.0 76 3

China 33 2.4 58 72

France 74 1.9 73 8

Senegal 38 6.2 48 80

List two features of MEDCs.

Feature 1

Feature 2

[2]

(iii) Describe two differences between MEDCs and LEDCs. You may use evidence
from the table.
Explain why they are different.

First difference

Why it is different

Second difference

Why it is different

[4]

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(b) Look at the map below. It shows life expectancy in part of Africa.

;;;;
Life expectancy in North Africa (1996)

;;;;;
;;;;;
;;;;;
;;;;;
;;;;;
N

Tunisia
Morocco

;;
;;;;
Algeria
Western Libya Egypt
Sahara Tropic of Cancer

Mauritania 20°N

;;
;;;;
Senegal
Mali Niger
Eritrea
Gambia Chad
Sudan Djibouti
Guinea Guinea Burkina
10°N
Bissau Faso
Benin

Nigeria
Sierra Ivory Ethiopia

;
Ghana
Leone Coast Central African
Republic
Liberia Togo
Cameroon
Zaire Somalia Equator
;;

Key
km
61-70 years 0 500 1000 1500
51-60 years
50 years or less

(i) Show the following information on the map. Use the key provided.

Senegal: average life expectancy = 50 years or less. [1]

(ii) Describe the distribution of countries with a life expectancy of 50 years or less.

[2]

(iii) What do you understand by ‘life expectancy’?

[2]

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(iv) Suggest two reasons to explain why some countries have a lower life expectancy
than others.

First reason

Second reason

[4]

(c) Look at the two graphs below. They show the population structure in Senegal and
France.

Population structure in Senegal Population structure in France

An LEDC An MEDC
Age group
70+

61-70

51-60

41-50

31-40

21-30

11-20

0-10

20% 15% 10% 5% 0 5% 10% 15% 20% 10% 5% 0% 5% 10%

Male Female Male Female
(43%) (57%) (47%) (53%)

(i) Complete the graph for Senegal using the following information.

Country Age group Sex Percentage

Senegal 0-10 years Female 17

[1]

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(ii) Describe how Senegal and France are different in terms of:

population below the age of 20

population over the age of 50

[2]

(iii) Explain how trade or aid from MEDCs could help Senegal improve the quality of
life of its people.

[5]

(d) CASE STUDY: Changes in job opportunities outside the United Kingdom (UK).

Name a country or region outside the United Kingdom (UK).

For your named country or region, describe how job opportunities have changed and
explain how these changes have affected people.

(i) Name of region or country

(ii) Describe how job opportunities have changed.

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(iii) Explain how these changes have affected people.

[5]

Total mark 30
End of Question C5

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Answer EITHER Question C5 OR Question C6.

Question C6

(a) South Korea is a Less Economically Developed Country (LEDC). Look at the pie charts

;; ;
below.

Pie Chart A Pie Chart B

;;;;;;
;;;;;;
;;;;; ;;;;;;
;; ;;;;;;
;
;;;;;;
;;;;;;
75% 25% 75% 25%

;;;;;

;;;
;;;;; ;;;;;;
50% 50%
Employment structure in Employment structure in the
South Korea 1996 United Kingdom (UK) 1996

Key:
;;

Primary work
Secondary work
Tertiary work

(i) Use information from Pie Chart A to complete the table below.

Primary Secondary Tertiary Total

work work work percentage

South Korea 15 100

United Kingdom (UK) 3 37 60 100

[2]

(ii) Describe two differences between the figures for South Korea and those for the
UK.

First difference:

Second difference:

[2]

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(iii) What do you understand by:

primary work?

secondary work?

tertiary work?

[3]

(b) Manufacturing companies from South Korea are building factories abroad.
Study the world map below. It shows where Samsung has built factories. Samsung is
an example of a multi-national company based in South Korea. (Multi-national
companies are also known as trans-national companies or TNCs.)

Where Samsung factories are located

More Economically
Developed Countries
(MEDCs)
Europe
South
North
Asia Korea
America
Tropic of Cancer
Africa

Equator
Less Economically
South Developed Countries
America (LEDCs)
Tropic of Capricorn
Australasia

0 2000 4000km

Key Samsung is a multi-national company.

Factories It is one of the world's leading companies
in manufacturing electronic goods.

(i) What is meant by a multi-national company?

[1]

(ii) Circle below the type of work that Samsung does.

PRIMARY SECONDARY TERTIARY [1]

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(iii) From the world map describe the distribution of Samsung factories across the world.

[2]

(c) Look at the map below. It shows where a Samsung factory has been built in the UK.

The Samsung site at Wynyard Park in North East England

Sunderland

North
Durham Sea

A1(M) Hartlepool
A19
Samsung
Wynyard Park
A689

Billingham

Stockton
-on-Tees Middlesbrough
Darlington
✈

es
A1(M) r Te
R ive A19

Samsung will employ over 3000

local people here by 2001 Key:
Motorway/roads
0 5 10 15 20 Settlement with a university
International airport
✈

km Settlement

Acknowledgement: Tees Valley Development Company

(i) Use map evidence to give two reasons why Samsung chose to locate at Wynyard Park.
First reason:

Second reason:

[4]
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(ii) Suggest how the decision to locate at Wynyard Park could have brought
advantages to the area.

[4]

(d) Look at Photograph C on the Resource Sheet. It shows the Wynyard Park site.

(i) Label the sketch below to show:

areas for car parking

a possible source of labour [2]

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(ii) Suggest how the building of the Samsung factory could have brought
disadvantages for the environment and for local people.

Disadvantages for the environment:

Disadvantages for local people:

[4]

(e) CASE STUDY: The location of a primary or tertiary economic activity.

Name and locate a primary or tertiary activity. (e.g. a farm, a mine, a tourist resort, a
shopping centre.)

For your chosen activity, describe its location and explain why it is located there.

(i) Name of primary or tertiary activity.

(ii) Describe its location. (Use maps or diagrams if you wish.)

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(iii) Explain why this economic activity is located there.

[5]

Total mark 30

End of Question C6

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If you use the following lines to complete an answer to any question the question number
MUST be clearly shown.

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