CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Back Ground

In Indonesia , the English language has been studied since she was in
elementary school. However until now there are many student who have difficulty
in understanding the English language. Lack of reading, writing , and listening to
make more Indonesian students have difficulty understanding the English
language. If students Indoneisa more diligent in reading , writing , and listening to
something that the English language is bound to be more easily understood
As well as reading skills , reading skills is very important , a lot of
students who still difficult to read in English due to lack of vocabulary that he
knew. when applying for a job in testing TOEIC / TOEFL which required a lot of
vocabulary . Spot of the case is very necessary good reading skills in order to
solve problems with both TOEIC and TOEFL.
The ability to read other than needed for TOEIC and TOEFL are also
needed to determine important things contained within a paragraph .in undergoing
the test was often asked to search for a topic and the main idea of the paragraph .
but many also find it difficult to find a topic and the main idea
Based on the explanation, interesting to discuss the point point of the
reading skill with the title Free Education and Cheap Education.

1.2 Problem Formulation

a. What is the topic and main idea of each paragraph?
b. What are the specific information of the reading passage?
c. What are the contect clues of the reading passage?
d. What are references of the reading passage?

1.3 Benefit
The benefits of this English paper are :
a. Can find a topic and the main idea in a few paragraphs
b. Can find the specific information of the reading passage.
c. Can find the contect clues of the reading passage
d. Can find reference of the reading passage

CHAPTER II

REVIEW
2.1 Main Idea
The main idea is the subject matter of the underlying story is abstract /
implicit or key words contained in the main sentence. The basic idea is an idea
that

animatesparagraph.
In each paragraph certainly have a main idea that is either explicitly or

implicitly. Explicitly, the main idea can be seen in the main sentence which is
usually located at the beginning, the end or the beginning and end of a paragraph.
While implicitly, the main idea is implicit in the whole sentence in the paragraph.
The main idea is the main thoughts contained in the passage. A
paragraph always has a main sentence that became the main idea. The main idea is
also called the central idea, main idea, subject, subject matter, themes or topics.
Together with an explanatory idea, the basic idea at the core of a paragraph.
Then how can we determine the main ideas in a text?
Here are tips to determine the main ideas in a text.
1. Read carefully
Read the sentence by sentence in a paragraph of the text carefully, and understand
well what is being shared or discussed in the text. After reading the text in its
entirety, answer the following question what is being discussed in the text? The
answer is exactly become a main topic.

2. Locate the main sentence

A second strategy is to find the main sentence in every paragraph in the text. As
we have seen, the main sentence is a sentence of a general nature and contain the

main idea. While the explanatory sentence is a special sentence that supports the
main sentence.
2.2 Context Clue
In reading and listening, a context clue is information (such as a
definition, synonym, antonym, orexample) that appears near a word or phrase and
offers direct or indirect suggestions about its meaning.
Context clues are more commonly found in nonfiction texts than in
fiction. As Stahl and Nagy point out below, there are "significant limitations on
any attempt to [teach vocabulary] by focusing on context alone."
Context clues are hints that an author gives to help define a difficult or
unusual word. The clue may appear within the same sentence as the word to
which it refers, or it may follow in a preceding sentence. Because most of ones
vocabulary is gained through reading, it is important that you be able to recognize
and take advantage of context clues.
There are at least four kinds of context clues that are quite common: 1)
a synonym (or repeat context clue) which appears in that sentence; 2)
anantonym (or contrast context clue) that has the opposite meaning, which can
reveal the meaning of an unknown term; 3) an explanation for an unknown word
is given (adefinition context clue) within the sentence or in the sentence
immediately preceding; and 4) specific examples (an example context clue) used
to define the term.
2.3 Reference
Reference is a relation between objects in which one object designates, or
acts as a means by which to connect to or link to, another object. The first object
in this relation is said to refer to the second object. The second object, the one to
which the first object refers, is called the referent of the first object.

CHAPTER III
DISCUSSION

3.1 Reading Passage

Free Education or Cheap Education
Currently, many potential leaders, both local leaders and leaders of central will
provide free education for the citizen. They promised that if they are elected, they
will provide a decent education for free. However, in the field of free education

discourse is quite impossible to be implemented. This discourse will find some of

the problems that will occur in the real life if it remains to do. Here are a few
paragraphs that the reasons why free education is not appropriate to be
implemented in this country.
The first reason is, the word free in the discussion indicated that there was not a
dime costs. But in fact, there is still a school levy. Students will still be charged as
buying sports clothing, uniforms, and other school needs. This is because aid is
given only help operasioanl alone, such as the cost of electricity, water, books textbooks, and etc. That's not enough because the school also requires operational
costs should be paid every day like, the cost of photocopies, markers, and others.
So the school will definitely keep charging their students. Therefore, the word
free in this discourse is not appropriate and no more only as a sweetener alone.

Furthermore, if the government remains committed to the education as free,

means the government will disburse funds. However, that is a problem in Here in
is not the funds, but the funds disbursement process that will lead to some
problems. As it is known that the disbursement of funds is usually carried out in
the central government, so as to achieve the school funds must pass through
several post first. This is what will create opportunities crimes. There will be
elements that cut funding on the grounds of administrative costs. As a result,
funds to school is no longer intact as it was originally.
Moreover, this funding will happen very long. In fact, it takes many - months to
get to school. In fact, the school is very costly - the costs to finance the
operational purposes of schools that must be paid. As a result, the school - the
school can not run optimally. For example, if the absence of markers, or
photocopy them definitely asking for funds to students can ends - ends they do not
pay as well.

Based on the reasons that have been outlined above, it can be concluded that free
education is just a promise merely because it is impossible remedy is implemented
and if implemented would be ineffective. This is due to several things such as,
funds provided by the government will not be enough, making students become
responsible, and the process is long and difficult. Therefore, the discourse of free
education is more appropriate and reasonable if it is replaced with cheap
education.
3.2 Topic
Based the text above, we know the topic of that sentence is about the
cost of education in Indonesia promised the government that do not fit.
3.3 Main Idea
Based the text above, we can find main idea in each paragraph, they are:
Paragraph 1 :Many potential leaders, both local leaders and leaders of central
will

provide free education for the citizen. They promised that if they are

elected, they will provide a decent education for free

Paragraph 2 :The word free in the discussion indicated that there was not a
dime costs. But in fact, there is still a school levy
Paragraph 3 : That is a problem in Here in is not the funds, but the funds
disbursement process that will lead to some problems
Paragraph 4 : Moreover, this funding will happen very long. In fact, it takes
many - months to get to school.
Paragraph 5 : The discourse of free education is more appropriate and
reasonable if it is replaced with cheap education
3.3 Detail Spesific Information
1. Currently, many potential leaders, both local leaders and leaders of
central will provide free education for the citizen. They promised that if they are
elected, they will provide a decent education for free.
The statement above related to 5W + 1H : Who

Who gives a promise of free education?

2. Students will still be charged as buying sports clothing, uniforms, and
other school needs
The statement above related to 5W + 1H : What
What are school fees to be paid on free education?
3. This is what will create opportunities crimes. There will be elements
that cut funding on the grounds of administrative costs. As a result, funds to
school is no longer intact as it was originally
The statement above related to 5W+ 1H : Why
Why the funds provided to schools is not intact as before?
4. This is due to several things such as, funds provided by the
government will not be enough, making students become responsible, and the
process is long and difficult.
The statement above related to 5W+1H : Why
Why free education is more suited called cheap education?
5. .But in fact, there is still a school levy. Students will still be charged
as buying sports clothing, uniforms, and other school needs
The statement above related to 5W+1H : Who
Who was given the promise of government on free education?
3.4 Context Clue
1. They promised that if they are elected, they will provide a decent
education for free. .. Here are a few paragraphs that the reasons why free
education is not appropriate to be implemented in this country.
The text above have a clue : Synonym. Decent and appropriate means
Patut

2. Moreover, this funding will happen very long.. As a result, the school
- the school can not run optimally.
The text above have a clue : Explanation Clues. Because will happen
very long it was explained that the work is not running optimally.
3. Moreover, this funding will happen very long. In fact, it takes many months to get to school.
The text above have a clue : Explanation Clues. Because many months
means very long time.

3.5 Reference
1. As a result, funds to school is no longer intact as it was originally.
It in paragraph 3 refer to Funds
2. Based on the reasons that have been outlined above, it can be
concluded that free education is just a promise merely because it is impossible
remedy is implemented and if implemented would be ineffective
It in paragraph 5 refer to Free Education

CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
4.1 Conclusion.
The main idea is the subject matter of the underlying story is abstract /
implicit or key words contained in the main sentence.
Tips to determine the main ideas in a text.
1. Read carefully
2. Locate the main sentence
Reference is a relation between objects in which one object designates,
or acts as a means by which to connect to or link to, another object
4.2 Suggestion
Should we have to multiply the vocabulary in English is also often to
read English literature in order to enable us to determine the main idea,
topic,detail spesific information and reference.