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International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 6, Issue 10, October 2016

ISSN 2250-3153

f -DERIVATIONS ON BP-ALGEBRAS
N.Kandaraj* and A.Arul Devi**

*Associate Professor in Mathematics


**Assistant professor in Mathematics
SAIVA BHANU KSHATRIYA COLLEGE
ARUPPUKOTTAI - 626101.
TAMILNADU. INDIA.

ABSTRACT. Motivated by some results on derivations on rings, and the generalizations of


BCK and BCI algebras, in this paper, we define f -derivations on BP-algebras and investigate
some important results.
Key Words: BP-algebras, derivations on BP-algebras, f -derivations on BP-algebras.
Subject Classification: AMS(2000) 06F35, 03G25, 06D99, 03B47

1. Introduction
BCK and BCI algebras are two new classes of algebras based on propositional calcului
or logic introduced by Imai and Isaki[5].In[6] K.Isaki and K.Tanaka introducd the theory
of BCK-algebras. In[3,4] Q.P.Hu and X.Li and introduced a wider class of abstract
algebras BCH-algebras. The class of BCI-algebras is a proper subclass of the class BCHalgebras. J.Neggers and H.S.Kim [9] introduced the notion of d-algebras which is another
generalization of BCK-algebras.
In S.S.Ahn and J.S.Han [1] introduce the notion of a BP-algebras. In 2004
Y.B.Jun and X.L..Xin [7] inroduced the notion of derivations of BCI-algebras, which was
motivated from a lot of workdone on derivations of rings. Since then many authors worked
on the notion of derivations on several algebras such as d-algebras and TM-algebras [2,8]
motivated by this paper introduce the notion of f-derivations on BP-algebras.
2. Preliminaries
In this section we recall some basic definitions that are required in our work.
Definition 2.1. [6] Let X be a set with a binary operation and a constant 0.Then
( X , ,0) is called a BCK -algebras if it satisfies the following axioms:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)

x x =0
0x=0
(( x y ) (x z) ) (z y) =0
(x (x y)) y =0
x y =0 and y x =0 imply x = y x, y, z X

Definition 2.2. [7] Let X be a set with a binary operation and a constant 0.Then
( X , ,0) is called a BCI-algebra if it satisfies the following axioms:

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International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 6, Issue 10, October 2016
ISSN 2250-3153

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

((x y) (x z)) (z y) =0
(x (x y)) y =0
x x =0
x y =0 and y x =0 x = y x, y, z X

Definition 2.3. Let x be a BCI-algebra. Two elements x and y in X are said to


be comparable if x y or y x . Here x y if and only if x y =0.Also we define
y ( y x ) by x y .
Definition 2.4. [9] A d -algebra is a non-empty set X with a constant 0 and binary
operation satisfying the following axioms:
(1) x x =0
(2) 0 x = 0
(3) x y =0 and y x =0 x = y .
Definition 2.5. [1] Let X be a set with a binary operation and a constant 0.
Then (X, , 0) is called a BP-algebra if it satisfies the following axioms.
(1) x x = 0
(2) x (x y) = y
(3) (x z) (y z) = x y for any x, y, z X .
Definition 2.6. [9] Let X be a d -algebra and I be a subset of X ,then I is called d -ideal
of X if it satisfies the following conditions.
(1) 0 I
(2) x y I and y I = x I
(3) x I and y X = x y I (ie) I X I
Example 2.7. Let X = {0, 1, 2, 3} ,( X , ,0) be a set with the following cayley table

0
1
2
3

0
0
1
2
3

1
1
0
3
2

2
2
3
0
1

3
3
2
1
0

Then (X, , 0) is a BP-algebra.


Definition 2.8. Let X be a d - algebra. A map :X X is a left - right derivation
(briefly , (l, r) - derivation ) on X , if it satisfies the identity
( x y ) = ( (x) y) (x (y)) for all x, y X .
If satisfies the identity
( x y ) = (x (y)) ((x) y)) for all x, y X ,then is called a right-left
derivation (briefly, (r, l) -derivation) on X .
If is both an (l, r) and an (r, l) -derivation, then is called a derivation on X .
3. f-DERIVATIONS ON BP-ALGEBRA
In this section, we define the notion of f-derivations and regular of f-derivations on
BP-algebras and prove some results. Throughout this section we assume that f is an
endomorphism of the BP-algebra ( X , ,0)

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Definition 3.1. Let X be a BP-algebra. By a left - right f - derivation (briefly , (l, r)


- f -derivation ) on X , we mean a self map f of X satisfies the identity
f ( x y ) = ( f (x) f (y)) (f (x)) f (y) ) for all x, y X .
If f satisfies the identity
f ( x y ) =( f (x) f (y)) (f (x) f (y) ) for all x, y X ,
then it is said that f is a right - left f - derivation (briefly, (r, l) - f -derivation) of
X . If f is both an (r, l) - and an (l, r) - f -derivation, then f is said to be a f derivation.
Example 3.2. Let X = {0, 1, 2, 3} be a BP-algebra with the following cayley table

0
1
2
3

0
0
1
2
3

1
3
0
1
2

2
2
3
0
1

3
1
2
3
0

(1) Define an endomorphism f of X by f (0) =0, f (1) =3, f (2) =2, f (3) =1.
and a self map f : X X by f (0)=1, f (1)=0, f (2)=3, f (3)=2.
Then it is easily checked that f is a (l, r) - f -derivation of X .
(2) Define an endomorphism f of X by f (0) =0, f (1) =3, f (2) =2, f (3) =1.
and a self map f : X X by f (0)=2, f (1)=1, f (2)=0, f (3)=3.
Then it is easily checked that f is a f -derivation of X .
Definition 3.3.
An f -derivation f on a BP-algebra X is said to be regular if
f (0) = 0 .
Proposition 3.4.
Every (r, l) - f -derivation ((l, r) - f -derivation) of a BP-algebra is
regular.
Proof:
Let X be a BP-algebra and f be a (r, l) - f -dreivation on X .Then for all x X ,
we have
f (0) =
=
=
=
=

f (x x)
(f (x) f (x)) (f (x) f (x))
(f (x) f (x)) ((f (x) f (x)) (f (x) f (x)
f (x) f (x)
( x x = 0)
0.

Let f be a (l, r) f -derivation on X .


Then for all x X .we have
f (0) =
=
=
=
=

f (x x)
(f (x) f (x)) (f (x) f (x))
(f (x) f (x)) ((f (x) f (x)) (f (x) f (x)))
f (x) f (x)
0.

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ISSN 2250-3153

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One can easily prove that the following result gives a necessary and sufficient condition
for the derivation f to be regular.
Proposition 3.5.
Let f be a self map of a BP-algebra on X , then the following hold:
(1) If f is an (l, r) f -derivation on
f (x) = f (x) f (x) for all x X
(2) If f is an (r, l) f -derivation on
f (x) = f (x) f (x) for all x X

X , then
if and only if f (0)=0.
X , then
if and only if f (0)=0.

Proposition 3.6.
Let f be a (l, r) f -derivation on a BP-algebra X. Then
f (a) = f (0) (0 f (a) ), for all a X .
proof:
Let f be an (l, r) f -derivation on a BP-algebra X.
Now,
f (a) = f (0 (0 a)) ( 0 (0 x) = x)
= (f (0) f (0 a)) (f (0) f (0 a))
= (f (0) f (0 a))
((f (0) f (0 a)) (f (0) f (0 a)))
= f (0) f (0 a)
= f (0) (f (0) f (a))
= f (0) (0 f (a))
f (a) = f (0) (0 f (a)).
Proposition 3.7.
Let f be a self map on a BP-algebra X and f be an (r, l) f derivation on X .Then f (x) = f (x) ,for all x X if and only if f (0)=0.
Proof:
Let f be an (r, l) f -derivation on X.
Assume that f (0)=0.
Now,
f (x) =
=
=
=
=

f (x 0)
( x 0 = x)
(f (x) f (0)) (f (x) f (0))
(f (x) f (0)) ((f (x) f (0)) (f (x) f (0)))
f (x) f (0)
f (x).

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5

Coversely, assume that f (x) = f (x) .


Now,
f (0) =
=
=
=
=
=
f (0) = 0.

f (x x)
(f (x) f (x)) (f (x) f (x))
(f (x) f (x)) ((f (x) f (x)) (f (x) f (x)))
f (x) f (x)
f (x) f (x)
( f (x) = f (x))
0.

Definition 3.8.
An ideal A on a BP-algebra X is said to be an f -ideal if
f (A) A.
Example 3.9. Let X = {0, 1, 2, 3} be a BP-algebra with the following cayley table.
Consider the ideal A ={0,3} of X .

0
1
2
3

0
0
1
2
3

1
2
0
3
1

2
1
3
1
2

3
3
2
0
0

If f : X X is defined by f (0)=0, f (1)=2, f (2)=1, f (3)=3 and define an


endomorphism f of X by f (x) = f (x) .
Since f (0) = 0, f (3) = 3, f (A) A proving that A is an f -ideal on X .
Definition 3.10.
Let f be a self map of a BP-algebra X . An f -ideal on X is said to
be f -invariant if f ( A ) A .
Example 3.11.
Example(3.9), f (0) A and f (3)=3 A.
Hence f (A) A ,showing that A is f invariant.
Theorem 3.12.
Let f be a regular (r, l) f -derivation on a BP-algebra X. Then
f -ideal A on X is f invariant.
proof:
Let f be a regular (r, l) f -derivation on X .
Now,
f (x) =
=
=
=
=
=

f (x 0)
(f (x) f (0)) (f (x) f (0))
(f (x) 0) ((x) 0)
f (x) f (x)
f (x) (f (x) f (x))
f (x), x X.

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Let y f (A) then y = f (x) for some x A .


It follows that y f (x) = f (x) f (x) = 0 A .
Since x A ,then f (x) f (A) A as A is an f -ideal.
It follows that y A since A is an ideal on X .
Hence f (A) A .
Thus A is f -invariant.

4. Composition of f-derivation
Definition 4.1.
Let X be a BP-algebra and f , f0 be two self maps on X . We define
f f0 :X X as
( f f0 )( x )= f ( f0 ( x )) for all x X .
Proposition 4.2.
Let X be a BP-algebra and f , f0 are the (l, r) f -derivations on X .
Let f 2 = f f = f , then ( f f0 )is also a (l, r) f -derivation on X .
Proof:
Let X be a BP-algebra, and f and f0 are the (l, r) - f -derivations on X .
(f f0 )(x y) = f (f0 (x y))
= f [(f0 (x) f (y)) (f (x) f0 (y))]
= f [(f (x) f0 (y)) ((f (x) f0 (y)) f0 (x) f (y)))]
= f (f0 (x) f (y))

( y (y x) = x)

= (f (f0 (x)) f 2 (y)) (f (f0 (x)) f (f (y)))


= f (f0 (x)) f 2 (y)
(f f0 )(x y) = (f (f0 (x)) f (y))
= (f (x) f (f0 (y))) [(f (x) f (f0 (y))) ((f (f0 (x)) f (y))]
= (f (x) (f f0 )(y)
[(f (x) (f f0 )(y)) (f f0 (x) f (y))]
= (f f0 )(x) f (y)) (f (x) (f f0 )(y)).
Which implies that ( f f0 ) is a (l, r) f -derivation on X .
One can easily prove that the following proposition.
Proposition 4.3.
Let X be a BP-algebra, f and f0 are the (r, l) f -derivations on X such that
f 2 = f f = f . Then f f0 is also a (r,l) - f -derivation on X .

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Theorem 4.4.
Let X be a BP-algebra and f , f0 be two f -derivations on X such that
f 2 = f . Then f f0 is also a f -derivation on X .
One can easily prove that the following proposition that the composition of
derivations is commutative.
Proposition 4.5.
Let X be a BP-algebra and f , f0 , be two f-derivations on X such
that f f = f f , f0 f = f f0 . Then f f0 = f0 f .
Proof:
Let X be a BP-algebra and f , f0 ,be the f-derivations on X .
Since f0 is a (l,r) - f-derivation on X, then for all x, y X .
(f f0 )(x y) = f (f0 (x y))
= f ((f0 (x) f (y)) (f (x) f0 (y)))
= f (f0 (x) f (y))
But f is a (r,l) - f -derivation on X .
(f f0 )(x y) = f ((f0 (x) f (y))
= (f (f0 (x)) f (f (y))) (f (f0 (x)) f 2 (y))
= (f (f0 (x)) f (f (y)))
= (f f0 )(x) (f f )(y)
Thus we have for all x, y X , (f f0 )(x y) = (f f0 )(x) (f f )(y)
Also since f is a (r,l) - f -derivation on X then for all x, y X .
(f0 f )(x y) = f0 (f (x y))
= f0 ((f (x) f (y)) (f (x) f (y)))
= f0 ((f (x) f (y))
But f0 is a (l,r) - f-derivation on X
(f f0 )(x y) = (f0 (f (x)) f (f (y))) (f 2 (x) f0 (f (y)))
= (f0 (f (x)) f (f (y)))
= (f0 f )(x) (f f )(y)
= (f f0 )(x) (f0 f )(y)
Thus we have for alll x, y X (f0 f )(x y) = (f f0 )(x) (f f )(y)
From (1) and (2) we get for all x, y X , (f f0 )(x y) = (f0 f )(x y)
By putting y = 0 we get for all x X ,
(f f0 )(x) = (f0 f )(x)
which implies that (f f0 ) = (f0 f ) .

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Definition 4.6.
f f0

Let X be a BP-algebra and f , f0 be two self maps on X . We define


: X X as
(f f0 )x = f (x) f (x) for all x X .

Proposition 4.7.
Let X be a BP-algebra and f , f0 are f -derivations on X . Then
( f f0 ) ( f f ) = ( f f ) ( f f0 )
Proof:
Let X be a BP-algebra and f , f0 be two derivations on X . Since f0 is a (l,r)
- f -derivation on X . Then for all x, y X .
(f f0 )(x y) = f (f0 (x y))
= f [f0 (x) f (y)) (f (x) f0 (y))]
= f (f0 (x) f (y))
But f is a (r,l) - f -derivation on X .
f (f0 (x) f (y)) = (f (f0 (x)) f (f (y))) (f (f0 (x)) f 2 (y))
= (f (f0 (x) f (f (y)))
= (f f0 )(x) (f f )(y)
( f f0 )( x y ) = ( f f0 )( x ) ( f f )( y ) for all x, y X . (1)
Also we have that f0 is a (r,l) - f -derivation on X , then for all x, y X .
(f f0 )(x y) = f (f0 (x y))
= f [(f (x) f0 (y)) (f0 (x) f (y))]
= f (f (x) f0 (y))
But f is a (l,r) - f -derivation on X .
f (f (x) f0 (y)) = (f (f (x)) f (f0 (y))) (f 2 (x) f (f0 (y)))
= (f (f (x)) f (f0 (y)))
(f f0 )(x y) = (f f )(x) (f f0 )(y), x, y X (2).
From (1) and (2) we get for all x X (By putting y = x )
(f f0 )(x) (f f )(x) = (f f )(x) (f f0 )(x)
(f f0 ) (f f )(x) = (f f ) (f f0 )(x)
which implies that (f f0 ) ( f f ) = ( f f ) (f f0 )
Notation:
Derf ( X ) denotes the set of all f-derivations on X .

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Definition 4.8.
Let f , f0 Derf ( X ). Define the binary operation as
( f f0 )( x ) = f ( x ) f0 ( x ).
Proposition 4.9.
Let X be a BP-algebra and f , f0 are (l,r) - f -derivations om X . Then f f0
is also a (l,r) - f -derivation on X .
Proof:
Let X be a BP-algebra and f , f0 are (l,r) - f -derivations on X . We have
(f f0 )(x y) = f (x y) f0 (x y)
= {(f (x) f (y)) (f (x) f (y))} {(f0 (x) f (y)) (f (x) f0 (y))}
= (f (x) f (y)) (f0 (x) f (y))
= f (x) f (y)
= (f0 (x) (f0 (x) f (x))) f (y)
= (f (x) f0 (x)) f (y)
= (f f0 )(x) f (y)
= (f (x) (f f0 )(y))
(f (x) (f f0 )(y)) ((f f0 )(x) f (y))
= ((f f0 )(x) f (y)) (f (x) (f f0 )(y))
This shows that ( f f0 ) is a (l,r) - f -derivation on X . This completes the proof.
In the similar fashion, we can establish the following.
Proposition 4.10.
Let X be a BP-algebra and f , f0 are (r,l) - f -derivations on X . Then f f0
is also a (r,l) - f -derivation on X .
Theorem 4.11.
If f , f0 Derf ( X ), f f0 Derf ( X ).
(( f f0 ) f00 )( x y ) .

Also ( f ( f0 f00 ))( x y ) =

Proof:
If f , f0 Derf ( X ), then f is both a (l,r) and a (r,l)
derivation.Similarly f0 is both a (l,r) and a (r,l) derivation.
By proposition
0
(4.9) and (4.10), we observe that f f is both a (l,r) and a (r,l) derivation. Hence
f f0 Derf ( X ).

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10

To shows the associativity, choose f , f0 , f00 Derf ( X ).


((f f0 ) f00 )(x y) = (f f0 )(x y) (f00 )(x y)
= ((f00 )(x y)) ((f00 )(x y))
((f f0 )(x y))
= (f f0 )(x y)
= (f )(x y) (f0 )(x y)
= [(f (x) f (y)) (f (x) f (y))]
[(f0 (x) f (y)) (f (x) f0 (y))]
= (f (x) f (y)) (f0 (x) f (y))
= (f (x) f (y))
Also ,
(f (f0 f00 )(x y) = (f )(x y) (f0 f00 )(x y)
= f (x y) [(f0 (x y) f00 (x y)]
= f (x y) (f0 )(x y) (x (x y) = y)
= [(f (x) f (y)) (f (x) f (y))]
[(f0 (x) f (y)) (f (x) f0 (y))]
= (f (x) f (y)) (f0 (x) f (y))
= (f (x) f (y))
This shows that,
(( f f0 ) f00 )( x y ) = ( f ( f0 f00 )( x y )
which implies that (( f f0 ) f00 ) = ( f ( f0 f00 )
From the above theorem, we conclude that Derf ( X ) is closed under the binary
composition defined in (4.8) which is also
associative. Hence we have the following theorem.
Theorem 4.12.
Derf ( X ) us a semigroup under the binary composition .
ACKNOLEDGEMENT
Authors are thankful to Dr.M.Chandramouleeswaran, Associate Professor and Head of
Department of Mathematics, Saiva Bhanu Kshatriya College, Aruppukottai, for their
suppported and encouragement of our Research work.

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AUTHORS
First Author Kandaraj N, Associate Professor, Department of Mathematics,
Saiva Bhanu Kshatriya College, Aruppukottai.
E-mail address:n.kandarajsbkc1998@gmail.com
Second Author Arul Devi A, Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics,
Saiva Bhanu Kshatriya College, Aruppukottai.
E-mail address:aruldevika.22@gmail.com

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