Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Worksheets
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 1
15/4/09 17:17:34
Richmond Publishing
26-28 Hammersmith Grove
London W6 7BA
United Kingdom
PRINTED IN SPAIN
CP: 158225
D.L.:
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission in writing of
the publisher.
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 2
15/4/09 17:17:34
Contents
Page
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 3
Reinforcement Worksheets
11 Living things ...........................................
12 Plants ....................................................
13 Invertebrates...........................................
14 Vertebrates .............................................
15 Nutrition .................................................
16 Matter.....................................................
17 The atmosphere......................................
18 The landscape ........................................
19 Rivers .....................................................
10 Population ..............................................
11 The economy ..........................................
12 Prehistory and Antiquity ..........................
13 The Middle Ages .....................................
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
Extension Worksheets
11 Living things ...........................................
12 Plants .....................................................
13 Invertebrates...........................................
14 Vertebrates .............................................
15 Nutrition .................................................
16 Matter.....................................................
17 The atmosphere......................................
18 The landscape ........................................
19 Rivers .....................................................
10 Population ..............................................
11 The economy ..........................................
12 Prehistory and Antiquity ..........................
13 The Middle Ages .....................................
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
15/4/09 17:17:34
1 Living things
REINFORCEMENT
b. Sensitivity
c. Reproduction
wall
multicellular
membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus
cells
d. The
e. The
f.
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 4
15/4/09 17:17:34
REINFORCEMENT
5. Match the characteristics to the kingdom.
Animals
Fungi
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 5
15/4/09 17:17:35
2 Plants
REINFORCEMENT
a. The
b. The
c. Water and
are transported
f.
but no
g.
j.
6
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 6
15/4/09 17:17:36
REINFORCEMENT
2. Use the words to label the illustration of plant nutrition.
elaborated sap
carbon dioxide
leaf
oxygen
raw sap
roots
stem
water and
dissolved minerals
3. Circle the correct option.
a. Flowers are the nutritional / reproductive organs of plants.
b. The stamens are the male / female parts which produce pollen.
c. Tiny pollen grains form on the stamens / petals.
d. Respiration / Pollination is the movement of pollen from the stamens to the ovary.
e. The ovary / corolla is the female part which contains ovules.
f. Sunlight / Wind can carry pollen to other plants.
g. After pollination, the ovary / calyx grows and becomes a fruit with seeds.
h. When seeds germinate, they open / close and small roots grow.
4. Label these stems: tubers, bulbs or stolens.
a
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 7
15/4/09 17:17:37
3 Invertebrates
REINFORCEMENT
or a
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 8
15/4/09 17:17:38
REINFORCEMENT
4. Which invertebrate group is being described?
a. They have soft bodies. Many are covered by shells.
b. They are marine animals with jelly-like bodies and tentacles.
Crustaceans
Insects
Myriapods
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 9
15/4/09 17:17:38
4 Vertebrates
REINFORCEMENT
Example
A characteristic
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 10
15/4/09 17:17:39
REINFORCEMENT
4. Identify the reptile groups.
a
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 11
11
15/4/09 17:17:41
5 Nutrition
REINFORCEMENT
b. What are the two types of carbohydrates? What do they give us?
12
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 12
kidneys
renal artery
renal vein
ureters
urethra
15/4/09 17:17:41
REINFORCEMENT
3. Match the columns. Then answer the question.
a. We breathe
e. In the lungs,
capillaries
veins
circulation
a.
b.
c.
are the blood vessels which carry blood away from the heart.
d.
are the blood vessels which carry blood into the heart.
e.
f.
g.
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 13
13
15/4/09 17:17:41
6 Matter
REINFORCEMENT
b. Matter is made up of
2. is made of matter.
14
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 14
15/4/09 17:17:42
REINFORCEMENT
4. Complete the sentences about changes in matter.
Contraction Combustion Expansion Fragmentation Oxidation Putrefaction
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
No fixed volume
Fixed shape
No fixed shape
solids
liquids
gases
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 15
15
15/4/09 17:17:42
7 The atmosphere
REINFORCEMENT
of water
and land.
.
into drops of water which
4. This water filters into the land and also forms rivers and lakes and some returns
to the
5. The
16
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 16
.
starts again.
ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educacin, S. L.
15/4/09 17:17:43
REINFORCEMENT
3. Match the columns.
a. Waves
b. Tides
c. Ocean currents
5. Look for examples of the damage done by earthquakes or erosion in your area
or on the Internet. Describe what you see.
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 17
17
15/4/09 17:17:43
8 The landscape
REINFORCEMENT
B
F
P
G
X
M
D
J
A
a. The
E
U
D
U
V
A
B
K
R
A
F
V
L
D
R
Z
L
C
C
L
I
F
F
S
D
B
H
H
X
I
G
P
H
W
M
I
S
M
L
E
B
M
N
F
E
D
C
A
P
E
G
Q
B
L
P
E
N
I
N
S
U
L
A
.
is almost completely surrounded by water.
is completely surrounded by water.
f. An
is a group of islands.
h. An
C
O
A
S
T
P
X
F
O
e. An
g. A
Q
D
D
F
X
G
B
F
G
d. A
E
E
S
T
U
A
R
Y
P
i. A
j. A
18
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 18
15/4/09 17:17:43
REINFORCEMENT
3. Label these places on the map.
Central Plateau
Pyrenees
Gualdalquivir depression
Atlantic coast
Cantabrian coast
Mediterranean coast
Ebro depression
Canary Islands
Balearic Islands
Betic Chain
N
E
W
S
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 19
19
15/4/09 17:17:44
9 Rivers
REINFORCEMENT
1. artificial lakes.
b. The course is
c. The flow is
d. Reservoirs are
4. areas where all the rivers flow into the same sea.
e. Watersheds are
158225P20
20
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 20
15/4/09 17:17:46
REINFORCEMENT
3. Label the illustration.
polar zone
polar zone
temperate zone
temperate zone
Equator
tropical zone
Location
Rainfall
Temperatures
mild
Continental
Mediterranean
Subtropical
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 21
21
15/4/09 17:17:46
10 Population
REINFORCEMENT
political problems
droughts
earthquakes
Natural causes
Social factors
22
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 22
15/4/09 17:17:47
REINFORCEMENT
4. Write about population density in Spain.
The population is not evenly distributed.
Population density
More than 1,000,000
inhabitants
Between 500,000 and
1,000,000 inhabitants
Less than 500,000
inhabitants
158225P23
ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educacin, S. L.
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 23
23
24/4/09 14:19:41
11 The economy
REINFORCEMENT
Private transport
24
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 24
Public transport
15/4/09 17:17:50
REINFORCEMENT
3. Find 11 words in the wordsearch and classify them.
Primary sector
F
B
A
N
K
S
I
M
R
H
B
E
G
B
D
F
N
N
E
O
F
O
R
E
S
T
R
Y
S
S
I
M
I
N
I
N
G
S
T
P
N
N
C
S
H
N
H
C
A
I
T
B
U
I
M
S
A
H
U
T
F
J
L
N
D
H
N
O
R
A
M
E
T
A
L
O
L
O
A
L
B
H
U
T
H
P
J
L
N
S
C
A
R
N
F
S
M
S
T
P
I
T
E
X
T
I
L
E
S
L
Service sector
seconday:
service:
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 25
25
15/4/09 17:17:50
REINFORCEMENT
26
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 26
158225P26
15/4/09 17:17:50
REINFORCEMENT
3. Complete the sentences about Roman times. You can use some of these words.
Carthagians
Greek
Seneca
Trajan
Phoenician
Greeks
Hadrian
Hispania
Latin
Visigoth
and
and
f. Five cities on the Iberian Peninsula which were founded by the Romans were
temple
theatre
road
aqueduct
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 27
circus
27
15/4/09 17:17:52
REINFORCEMENT
28
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 28
15/4/09 17:17:52
REINFORCEMENT
3. Circle the correct option.
a. The highest authority of the Muslims was the king / caliph.
b. The religion of the Muslims was Latin / Islam.
c. The Christians lived in the countryside / cities in the north of the peninsula.
d. The Muslims built mosques / churches to practise their religion.
e. The first Christian kingdom was in Navarre / Asturias.
f. After the year 1000, Al Andalus broke up into small caliphs / taifas.
g. The Christian kingdoms prospered / weakened.
h. The Catholic Monarch conquered Crdoba / Granada in 1492.
4. Answer the questions.
a. What characterises Gothic arquitecture?
d. Why are the 16th and 17th centuries called the Golden Age of Spain?
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 29
29
15/4/09 17:17:54
1 Living things
EXTENSION
30
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 30
15/4/09 17:17:54
EXTENSION
2. Find words in the text that mean the following:
a. with one cell
b. places
f. illness
c. going bad
g. with fungus on it
d. special or unusual
h. conserving
such as
. Bacteria are used in the fermentation of
in order to make
4. Write about bad bacteria. Include information about problems caused by bad
bacteria and things we can do to protect ourselves.
Bad bacteria can cause
5. Investigate.
a. Who was the first person to see
bacteria through a microscope
and describe them?
b. Look up the word bacterium in a dictionary.
Which language is it from?
Why was it given its original name?
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 31
31
15/4/09 17:17:55
2 Plants
EXTENSION
The olive tree The olive is an evergreen tree which can live for a very long time.
It grows in dry, rocky places and is common in Mediterranean countries.
The trunk of the olive tree is thick and twisted. Its bark is silver-grey in colour.
Its leaves are narrow and pointed. They are dark green and smooth on top.
The flowers of the olive tree are cream
coloured and each flower has four petals
and four short stamens. The fruit of the olive
is like a berry. At first, it is green and then it
ripens and becomes black. The fruit has a
single brown seed inside.
The olive tree has been cultivated since
Antiquity. Olives are used to produce olive
oil and are also eaten as a snack or in
salads.
32
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 32
15/4/09 17:17:55
EXTENSION
2. Investigate. Find out about the stone pine tree, and complete the information.
The stone pine tree
Type of tree:
Habitat:
Trunk: straight, widely forked above
Bark: grey or red-brown
, grey-green
Leaves:
Flowers:
Seeds: like a nut, with a hard coat
Uses: often planted to give shade; the seeds
are edible
eucalyptus trees
mosses
strawberry plants
tubers
water lilies
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 33
33
15/4/09 17:17:56
3 Invertebrates
EXTENSION
20,000 Leagues Under the Sea Jules Verne (1828-1905) was a French writer who
wrote about fantastic adventures. In his book 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea, he imagines an
enormous submarine which travels round the world. One of the people on the submarine
Doctor Aronnax is a famous scientist. His servant Conseil loves classifying all the animals
and plants under the sea. One day, the Doctor and Conseil are walking along the sea bed:
Conseil: Look, Doctor! White coral and sea anemones members
of the cnidarian group of invertebrates!
Aronnax: Im sure youre right, Conseil. But theres something different
over there its an enormous, long worm!
Conseil: Yes, Doctor, there are different worms.
That one is a sea worm and then theres the
Aronnax: How beautiful those starfish are!
Can you see them?
Conseil: Oh, yes. They belong to the echinoderms.
Be careful, dont put your hand on that!
Its in the same group as the starfish,
but its covered with spines!
Aronnax: Ouch! Too late
Conseil: Sorry, Doctor. Hey, look over here.
Our eight-legged friend, of the mollusc
group, the same as clams and snails
Aronnax: And lobsters, like this one here
Conseil: No, sir, this lobster is an arthropod.
Do you see its hard exoskeleton?
Aronnax: So we cant see arthropods on land.
Conseil: Oh, yes we can! There are many types
of arthropod: insects, centipedes, arachnids
Aronnax: I think youre a better scientist than
me, Conseil!
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 34
15/4/09 17:17:56
EXTENSION
2. Correct Doctor Aronnaxs classifications.
a. Aronnax: Coral and sea anemones are echniderms.
Conseil: No, they are cnidarians.
b. Aronnax: Starfish and sea urchins are molluscs.
Conseil:
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 35
35
15/4/09 17:17:56
4 Vertebrates
EXTENSION
Animals at play It is hard to imagine an ant or a worm playing. On the other hand,
children and young animals, such as puppies and kittens, often play. In fact, most young
mammals spend a lot of time playing. Young chimpanzees chase each other around, young
badgers roll around on the ground, and ducklings splash about in the water. Mammals use
their intelligence and learn from experience. Children who do not play when they are very
young develop more slowly than children who play.
Why do animals play? There are many theories. Play makes muscles strong and develops
coordination. We can see this when chimpanzees jump from tree to tree and swing from
branches.
Play is also important for survival. In the wild, carnivores such as lions, must learn how to hunt
in order to survive. In their games, the young cubs fight and jump on each other. This is
practice for when they must catch their prey in order to eat. We can see this type of behaviour
in kittens when they play with a ball of wool: they sometimes jump on it and shake it as if it
were a mouse. Herbivores, such as zebras, must learn about danger when they are young in
order to survive. In their games, they spend time running after each other; this is practice for
when a carnivore is trying to catch them.
Play is also important in establishing
communication. Sociable mammals such as
humans and chimpanzees play in order to
decide who is more important in the group
and who is less important. When two puppies
play, they give out signals to show that they
want to play and not to fight. For example,
they put the front part of their body on the
floor and wag their tails.
1. a young lion.
b. Worm:
2. a type of ape.
c. Puppy:
d. Kitten:
4. a young dog.
e. Chimpanzee:
5. a young cat.
f. Cub:
36
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 36
15/4/09 17:17:57
EXTENSION
2. Read the text and tick the correct statements about why animals play.
a. They learn to breathe.
d. How do puppies show that they want to play and not to fight?
we cannot be sure.
5. Investigate.
Find out more about dolphins. Are they
sociable animals? Why do some people
want to swim with them? Do you think
they follow boats for fun?
Write a paragraph about dolphins.
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 37
37
15/4/09 17:17:57
5 Nutrition
EXTENSION
The heart Our heart plays an important part in our circulatory system. It works like a
pump and moves blood through the body. It never stops beating. When you are resting, your
heart beats between 60 and 80 times every minute. When you do exercise, or if you are very
anxious, the number of heartbeats can increase up to 200 a minute.
The heart is a muscle and, like all muscles, it needs exercise to keep it healthy. That is why it
is important to be active and play sports. We also need to eat the right foods to keep our heart
in good condition. Substances such as alcohol and tobacco can damage our hearts.
The heart is divided into two parts, left and right. In pulmonary
circulation, blood leaves the heart and goes to the lungs. In the
lungs, the blood absorbs oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.
Then the blood goes back to the heart through the pulmonary
veins. In systemic circulation, blood with oxygen from the lungs
leaves the heart through the aorta. This blood provides the body
with nutritive substances and oxygen. Finally, it returns to the heart
through the vena cava.
We cannot live without a heart. In the past, people with very
unhealthy hearts died. Then, in 1967, Doctor Christiaan Barnard
carried out the first human heart transplant. In this operation, the
healthy heart of someone who has died replaces the unhealthy
heart of another person. Since then, thousands of heart transplants
have been carried out. The first transplant patients did not live for
very long, but techniques and drugs improved and today transplant
patients are living for much longer.
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 38
15/4/09 17:17:57
EXTENSION
2. Write three sentences in the correct order using first, next or finally.
a. The blood goes back to the heart
through the pulmonary veins.
Blood leaves the heart and goes
to the lungs.
The blood absorbs oxygen and
releases carbon dioxide.
a. Pulmonary circulation:
b. Systemic circulation:
Chest size
Inhale normally:
cm
Exhale normally:
cm
Inhale deeply:
cm
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 39
39
15/4/09 17:17:57
6 Matter
EXTENSION
Salt Salt is the common name for sodium chloride. Salt takes the form of transparent
cubic crystals. It is most familiar to us as a food supplement, but it has many other uses. For
example, salt is used in the chemical industry as a source of chlorine. (Chlorine is a green,
gaseous element which you can sometimes smell in the water of a swimming pool.) Salt is also
used for removing snow and ice from roads, softening water, preserving food and stabilising
soil for construction. Salt is obtained from two sources: rock salt and brine.
Rock salt is crystallised salt. It is the result of the evaporation of ancient oceans millions of
years ago. Sometimes, pressure from inside the Earth forces up large amounts of rock salt to
form salt domes.
Brine is water that contains a high concentration of salt. It comes
mainly from the sea. Salt is obtained when the water evaporates.
The simplest form of evaporation is solar evaporation. This can
only take place in hot, dry, sunny places. The brine is collected
into shallow ponds and allowed to evaporate in the Sun. The salt
which remains is washed and made into huge piles. The piles
are left to drain for two or three months.
Salt forms an important part of our diet. Salt for human
consumption must be very pure.
b. Remove:
2. not deep
c. Soil:
d. Dome:
e. Mainly:
5. take away
f. Shallow:
6. very large
g. Pond:
7. mostly
h. Huge:
i. Pile:
40
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 40
15/4/09 17:17:58
EXTENSION
2. Answer the questions.
a. What does salt look like?
water
process
ponds
evaporation
Brine is a
chemical
mixture
dry
impurities
The
The
months. Some salt is used in food and other types of salt are used, for example,
in the
industry.
ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educacin, S. L.
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 41
41
15/4/09 17:17:58
7 The atmosphere
EXTENSION
Clouds Clouds are made up of millions of tiny water droplets. The droplets form when
water vapour rises into the atmosphere and cools down. If the cloud is extremely cold, it is
made up of ice crystals.
In 1803, a man called Luke Howard invented a way of classifying clouds. He used Latin words
to describe their characteristics, for example:
cirrus means a filament or tuft (like a piece of hair)
cumulus means a heap or pile
stratus means a layer
nimbus means carrying rain
Today, we usually refer to ten basic types of cloud. We use combinations of the four words
above to describe them. We can divide the ten types of cloud into three sections: low clouds,
medium clouds and high clouds.
Low clouds have their base below 200 metres
from the ground. They are usually made up of
water droplets.
Medium clouds have their base between
2,000 and 7,000 metres. They are mainly
water but they can contain ice crystals.
High clouds have their base between 5,500
and 14,000 metres. They are normally made
up of ice crystals.
In our Solar System, any planet or moon with an
atmosphere also has clouds. Venuss clouds are
made up of sulphuric acid droplets. Mars has high,
thin clouds of water ice.
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 42
15/4/09 17:17:58
EXTENSION
2. Complete the table.
Type of cloud
Height
Composition
Low clouds
2,000-7,000 metres
High clouds
ice crystals
3. Draw clouds.
a. Which type of cloud do you
think this is?
4. Investigate.
How clean is the rain in your neighbourhood? To find out, you need:
a plastic bottle
scissors
coffee filter paper
a. Cut the bottle in half and reverse the top to make a funnel.
b. Put the filter paper in the funnel and put the bottle outside.
c. Examine the paper after it rains. What colour is it? How clean is your rain?
ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educacin, S. L.
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 43
43
15/4/09 17:17:59
8 The landscape
EXTENSION
the
towns of Oldcastle in the Chevron Hills and the coastal town of Winbay. At the
moment, travellers must use the old A47, a dangerous road, and the journey
takes three hours. A tunnel will go
new bridge will go
it.
hill
road
tunnel
forest
river
motorway
valley
Landscape features
Man-made
44
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 44
Natural
15/4/09 17:17:59
EXTENSION
3. Answer the questions.
c. How can you build a flat motorway if there are hills, valleys and mountains?
Yours sincerely,
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 45
45
15/4/09 17:18:00
9 Rivers
EXTENSION
The Amazon
The Amazon River runs 6,400 kilometres from the Andes mountains to
the sea. It is the longest river in the world after the Nile. The Amazon is the largest river in
terms of its watershed, the number of tributaries (over 200), and the volume of water which it
discharges into the sea. The Amazon basin is huge: it covers more than 7,050,000 square
kilometres. The mouth of the Amazon is so wide and deep that large, ocean-going ships have
navigated its waters and have travelled as far as two-thirds of the way up the river. In the flood
season, the Amazon widens and covers its banks and the islands in the middle of the river.
The sediment left by the floods enriches the soil.
There are no bridges across the Amazon
because it flows mostly through tropical
rainforest where there are few roads and
cities. The tropical rainforests are home
to more than a third of all the species in
the world. It is home to wonderful
animals such as the jaguar, the largest
cat outside of Africa and Asia, and the
anaconda, an enormous, heavy snake.
The rainforests are in danger from overexploitation and pollution.
46
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 46
15/4/09 17:18:00
EXTENSION
2. Complete the table about the Amazon.
Continent:
Countries: Peru, Colombia, Brazil, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia
Length:
Number of tributaries:
Source: Lago Villafro in the Andes Mountains in Peru
Mouth: Atlantic Ocean, Brazil
Other information:
The Amazon is in
It is
long. It has
.
. Its source is
. Its mouth
4. Investigate.
Find out about another river and complete information. Add an illustration.
River:
Continent:
Countries:
Length:
Number of tributaries:
Source:
Mouth:
Other information:
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 47
47
15/4/09 17:18:00
10 Population
EXTENSION
An interview
Juan is 32. He comes from a small village in Spain but now he lives
in Madrid. A reporter is interviewing him for a newspaper article about population in Spain.
Reporter: How long have you lived in Madrid, Juan?
Juan: Just over ten years.
Reporter: Why did you leave your village?
Juan: All the young people were leaving. There was
no work except in agriculture and I didnt want
to do that.
Reporter: What do you do now?
Juan: I work for a telecommunications company.
Reporter: Do you miss your village?
Juan: Yes, I miss my family. On the other hand,
Madrid has a lot of advantages: good entertainment,
services, people from different countries.
Reporter: Are there any bad things about living in
the city?
Juan: Of course. Everyones in a hurry, its noisy
and its expensive!
Reporter: Will you go back to live in your village?
Juan: Maybe when Im old Ill go back, but not now.
I have a job here, Im learning new things and Im
making new friends.
Reporter: You say that many young people left your
village. Do you think it will disappear?
Juan: I hope not. Actually, some city people are
beginning to buy houses there now. They say its
healthier than the city so maybe things are changing.
f. Does Juan think his village will disappear in the future? Why? / Why not?
48
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 48
15/4/09 17:18:01
EXTENSION
2. Make full sentences.
a. Many villages / Spain / losing population.
Many villages in Spain are losing population.
b. Young people / moving / cities.
3. Write I agree. or I disagree. next to these sentences. If you disagree, explain why.
a. Life is more pleasant in a village than in a city.
b. In 20 years time, most villages in Spain will not exist.
c. Everything is more expensive in a city than in a village.
d. There is always more work in a city than in a village.
e. It is important to have people of all ages in a village.
4. Investigate.
Do people in your class or neighbourhood come from
a different country or another region? Prepare questions
to ask them and write down their answers. For example:
Why did you come here? What was the most difficult thing
when you first arrived? Did you have any problems? What
were they? What do you miss most about your previous
home? Would you like to go back there?
Write a paragraph about your interview and read it to the class.
ESSENTIAL SCIENCE 5 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educacin, S. L.
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 49
49
15/4/09 17:18:01
11 The economy
EXTENSION
Tourism in Spain The tourist industry in Spain is very important. It provides a lot of jobs
in the service sector in hotels, restaurants and bars. It also creates work in the area of
transport. Most tourists visit Spains coasts. They come to relax on the beaches in the Sun.
Some tourists travel inland to the mountains or visit cities such as Barcelona or Salamanca.
Many tourists come from abroad, but Spanish people also take holidays in their own country.
A good transport system is essential for successful tourism. In Spain, there are airports in
most of the major cities and good rail and road systems. In the cities, there is quick, inexpensive
underground transport.
A lot of people depend on tourism for
employment. Today, there is competition from
other countries which want to attract tourism.
Some of these countries are cheaper than
Spain and some are less exploited they have
not yet built too many holiday resorts. Some
Spanish resorts are half-empty in the winter
months, so income from tourism decreases.
The decline of agriculture in Spain is also partly
connected with tourism. Land previously used
in agriculture has been used for building tourist
apartments and hotels. This could be a bad
thing. If tourist numbers fall, many apartments
will stay empty and it will be too late to use the
land for agriculture.
50
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 50
15/4/09 17:18:01
EXTENSION
2. Answer the questions.
a. Why is tourism important in Spain?
b. Why is good transport important?
c. Why are some tourists going to other countries instead of Spain?
d. What happens to some Spanish resorts in the winter months?
f. fisherman
b. coach driver
g. lawyer
c. engineer
h. cook
d. tour guide
i. nurse
e. cleaner
j. journalist
Tourists come
to visit
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 51
51
15/4/09 17:18:02
EXTENSION
b. Subject
c. Site
3. an archaeological excavation
d. Fence
e. Remains
5. an area of land
f. Tool
g. Pot
h. Jewellery
8. historical ruins
52
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 52
15/4/09 17:18:02
EXTENSION
2. Answer the questions.
a. What did Eva do last summer?
b. When was the site discovered?
c. What remains are in the first layer?
d. What remains are under the first layer?
e. What does Eva hope to find in the future?
f. What must the government do to preserve the site?
3. Complete the table.
Civilization
Iberian
Discoveries
Iberian
Carthaginian and
Roman
remains of a villa or
4. Write a letter.
Imagine that you are working on a dig. Write a short letter to your English pen pal
about your experience. Use these questions to help you.
Where was the dig? What ruins did you find there? What objects did you find?
Which civilisations are they from? How do you feel about your discoveries?
Dear
I am writing to tell you about the dig where I worked this summer. It was in / near
Best wishes,
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 53
53
15/4/09 17:18:02
EXTENSION
Thomas Aquinas
Thomas Aquinas was born in his fathers castle in Italy in 1227. His
father was Count Landulf, an important nobleman. When he was five years old, Thomas began
his education at a monastery. At that time, monasteries were important centres of learning
and knowledge. They had schools and libraries. This was before the age of printed books (the
printing press was invented in about 1450) so the books which Thomas studied were made by
hand. The scribes copied manuscripts onto parchment and decorated them with illustrations
and very thin layers of gold.
Thomas was an intelligent student and was always asking
questions. In 1244, he went to study in Cologne in Germany.
After that, he continued his studies at the University in Paris.
Classes there consisted of reading and explaining texts.
Examinations were oral. Thomas eventually became a university
professor. He taught theology in different European cities. He
worked very hard and spent a lot of time travelling. On one of
his journeys, he became ill. He was taken to a monastery in
Italy where he died in 1274.
Thomas was a great philosopher and theologian. He wrote
many important works. He tried to explain his ideas clearly and
simply.
In 1323, Pope John XXII made Thomas a saint of the Catholic
Church. Today, the Roman Catholic Church celebrates the
feast of Saint Thomas Aquinas on January 28th. This is the
publication date of his most famous work, Summa Theologica.
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 54
15/4/09 17:18:03
EXTENSION
2. True (T ) or false (F )?
a. Thomas was born into a poor family.
b. He was French.
c. His first school was in a monastery.
d. The books which Thomas studied were printed in Germany.
e. Thomas studied in Germany and England.
f. Thomas was a teacher and a writer.
g. Thomas wrote his masterpiece in French.
h. Thomas died on one of his journeys.
i. The feast of Saint Thomas Aquinas is on his birthday.
3. Circle the best answer.
a. Thomas studied with:
1 a religious order
2 noblemen
3 soldiers
3 Jewish
3 thinking
3 draw
3 students
4. Write a biography.
Think of other famous people from the Middle
Ages. Choose one and find some information
about them. Make notes, and write a short
biography. Use the text about Thomas
Aquinas to help you.
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 55
55
15/4/09 17:18:03
Answer key
REINFORCEMENT ACTIVITIES
UNIT 1: LIVING THINGS
1. Name three living and three non-living things.
Model answers:
Three living things: cows, sheep and trees.
Three non-living things: stone, wood and paper.
2. Match the two columns.
UNIT 2: PLANTS
1. Find 12 words and complete the sentences.
Across: gymnosperms, flowering, shade, ferns, leaves,
angiosperms.
Down: fruit, mosses, roots, stem, moisture, nutrients.
a. The roots of a plant are in the soil.
b. The stem supports the leaves.
c. Water and nutrients are transported from the roots to
the leaves inside the stem.
a. Nutrition:
3. Living things eat food, which contains nutrients.
b. Sensitivity:
1. Living things react to their environments.
c. Reproduction:
2. Living things have offspring.
56
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 56
UNIT 3: INVERTEBRATES
1. Complete the text about invertebrates.
Invertebrates are animals which do not have a (a.) skeleton
or a (b.) backbone.
Most invertebrates are very (c.) small, but some are
enormous. Most are (d.) symmetrical, but some have
irregular bodies. Many invertebrate bodies are protected
by (e.) shells or (f.) exoskeletons. Invertebrates are (g.)
oviparous; a larva hatches from an egg.
15/4/09 17:18:03
REINFORCEMENT
2. Identify the invertebrate groups.
Crustaceans:
2. They have ten or more legs. 8. The body is divided into
the abdomen and the cephalothorax.
Insects:
UNIT 5: NUTRITION
1. Answer the questions. Model answers:
Myriapods:
3. They have long bodies with many legs. 7. The head has
one pair of short antennae.
UNIT 4: VERTEBRATES
Example
A characteristic
cetaceans
dolphins
carnivores
lions
Model answer:
They hunt for food.
c. From the pharynx, the air (6) goes to the larynx and
the trachea.
zebras
Model answer:
They have feet with
hoves.
monkeys
Model answer:
They have five
fingers.
ungulates
primate
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 57
57
15/4/09 17:18:03
REINFORCEMENT
4. Use these words to complete the sentences.
Fixed
volume
solids
liquids
d. Veins are the blood vessels which carry blood into the
heart.
e. Capillaries are tiny blood vessels which connect arteries
to veins.
f. Pulmonary circulation is the movement of blood
between the heart and the lungs.
g. Systemic circulation is the movement of blood to the
rest of the body.
gases
No fixed
volume
Fixed
shape
No fixed
shape
2; sublimation.
1; melting.
3; condensation.
4; evaporation.
Model answers:
4. This water filters into the land and also forms rivers and
lakes and some returns to the sea.
a. Waves (3) are the rise and fall of the waters surface.
b. Tides (1) are the rise and fall of the sea level.
58
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 58
15/4/09 17:18:04
REINFORCEMENT
UNIT 8: THE LANDSCAPE
Location
Cantabrian
coast, Galicia
Atlantic
central Spain
Continental
Temperatures
abundant
mild
irregular
hot summers
cold winters
Mediterranean
near the
Mediterranean
light
hot summers
mild winters
Subtropical
Canary Islands
rainfall
limited
to a few
months
Rainfall
a. The coast is the place where the land meets the sea.
UNIT 9: RIVERS
1. Match the columns.
a. A river is (2) a body of moving water.
e. Watersheds are (4) areas where all the rivers flow into
the same sea.
2. Label the three watersheds and the two rivers.
Students label the map: Cantabrian watershed,
Mediterranean watershed, Atlantic watershed, River Ebro,
River Duero, River Tagus/Tajo, River Guadalquivir.
Descibe the rivers in each watershed. Model answer:
Atlantic: the rivers have an abundant and fairly regular
flow.
Cantabrian: the rivers are short and rapid. Their flow is
abundant and regular.
Mediterranean: the rivers are short and their flow is
irregular, except for the Ebro.
3. Label the illustration.
Students label the illustration.
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 59
59
15/4/09 17:18:04
REINFORCEMENT
UNIT 11: THE ECONOMY
1. Match the columns.
a. The active population includes (6) unemployed people
who are looking for work.
b. The primary sector includes (3) fishing and forestry.
c. In the secondary sector (4) natural resources are
transformed.
b. Open answer.
c. Open answer.
5. Write about one of these two kinds of tourism.
Open answer.
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 60
60
15/4/09 17:18:04
EXTENSION
e. The first Christian kingdom was in Asturias.
f. After the year 1000, Al Andalus broke up into small taifas.
g. The Christian kingdoms prospered.
h. The Catholic Monarch conquered Granada in 1492.
4. Answer the questions.
a. What characterises Gothic architecture? Great height,
pointed arches and large windows.
b. Who are these people? Work with a friend.
1. Coln, 2. Isabella I of Castile, 3. Miguel de Cervantes,
4. Diego Velzquez.
c. Why is the year 1492 so important? Model answer:
In the year 1492, Columbus expedition reached
America. The Catholic Monarchs unified the kingdoms
of Spain and began the conquest of America. Spain
became the centre of a great empire. The Jews were
expelled from Spain.
d. Why are the 16th and 17th centuries called the Golden
Age of Spain? Model answer: Spain produced many
great works of literature and art during this period.
UNIT 2: PLANTS
EXTENSION ACTIVITIES
unicellular
b. places
environments
c. going bad
decaying
d. special or unusual
unique
harmful
f. illness
disease
g. with fungus on it
mouldy
h. conserving
storing
UNIT 3: INVERTEBRATES
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 61
61
15/4/09 17:18:04
EXTENSION
2. Correct Doctor Aronnaxs classifications.
UNIT 5: NUTRITION
True sentences: a, d, g, h.
UNIT 4: VERTEBRATES
1. Match the animals with their description.
a. Ant: (6) a small busy insect that lives in colonies.
UNIT 6: MATTER
62
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 62
15/4/09 17:18:04
EXTENSION
UNIT 7: THE ATMOSPHERE
1. Answer the questions.
UNIT 9: RIVERS
1. True (T) or false (F)? Correct the false sentences.
True sentences: b, f, g, h.
Distance from
the ground
Composition
200 metres
water droplets
medium clouds
2,000
7,000 metres
mainly water
droplets, can contain
ice crystals
high clouds
5,000
14,000 metres
ice crystals
3. Draw clouds.
a. Which type of cloud do you think this is? Model answer:
I think these clouds are cumulus clouds.
b. Can you draw another cloud? Open answer.
4. Investigate. Open answer.
reservoir,
road,
tunnel,
motorway
Natural
hill,
forest,
river,
valley
Landscape features
Man-made
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 63
63
15/4/09 17:18:04
EXTENSION
3. Write I agree. or I disagree. next to these sentences.
If you disagree, explain why. Open answers.
4. Investigate. Open answers.
Discoveries
Roman
Iberian
a. 3; b. 6; c. 5; d. 1; e. 4; f. 2.
2. Answer the questions.
a. It provides a lot of jobs.
b. It makes coming to Spain and travelling in Spain easy.
c. They are going to cheaper countries with fewer tourists.
d. They are half-empty.
3. Tick the jobs which belong to the tourist industry.
Jobs which belong to the tourist industry: a. waitress,
b. coach driver, d. tour guide, e. cleaner, h. cook.
4. Write descriptions of two jobs.
Open answers:
5. Investigate. Open answers.
64
158225 _ 0001-0064.indd 64
15/4/09 17:18:04