HYPERPLASIA

ENDOMETRIAL HYPERPLASIA
MACROSCOPIC

MICROSCOPIC
Proliferation of glands as well as nearby ECM

Swiss Cheese Pattern

i.
ii.

Endometrium wall is thickening and some part looked

i.
oozing with blood
Sometimes pathologist receives only some pieces of curettage ii.
tissues
iii.
iv.

KBI14

Endometrial Cells
stack back to back

Hyperplasia of epithelial cells of the glands. Epithelial are higher than

normal. The nuclei are slightly hyperchromatic
Hyperplasia of stroma
Glands vary in shape, some small, some big, some form cyst
Swiss Cheese Pattern

HYPERPLASIA
BENIGN PROSTATE HYPERPLASIA
MACROSCOPIC

MICROSCOPIC

Myoadenomatik
Adenomyomatik

Nodule appearance
i.
ii.

i.
ii.
iii.

Prostate is enlarged
Consistency is solid
[cut surface] got small holes/solid/lobulated nodule
appearance

iii.

iv.
KBI14

Glands and stromal proliferation

Divided into 2 form, which component more prominent
BPH Myoadenomatik
- Glandular proliferation > stromal proliferation
BPH Adenomyomatik
- Stromal proliferation > glandular proliferation
Glandular proliferation:
Glands vary in size, small to big or have cyst
Glands lined with cylindrical or cuboidal epithelium
Epithelium may extend beyond the lumen of gland and form
papillary-budding
Glands often contain epithel desquamation and corpora-amulacea

ATROPHY
HIDROSALPINX
MACROSCOPIC

MICROSCOPIC

Atrophy

Atrophy

i.
ii.
iii.

Tuba enlarged
Wall of tuba is thin and transparent
Lumen of tuba contain clear fluid

i.
ii.
iii.

KBI14

Wall of tuba thin

Atrophy of rugae. Rugae only appears as small bulge. The epithelium are
changed from columnar cuboid
Mucosa and muscularis contain few chronic inflammatory cells

METAPLASIA CERVIX
CHRONIC CERVICITIS
MACROSCOPIC

MICROSCOPIC

Squamous
Metaplasia
Columnar

Squamous
Metaplasia

i.

Cervix appear erythematous with no nodul or mass

Columnar

i.

KBI14

Epithelial change from columnar stratified squamous

NECROSIS LIQUEFACTIVE
OVARIAL ABSCESS
MACROSCOPIC

MICROSCOPIC

Necrotic tissue

i.
ii.

Ovary enlarged and consist of laculated cyst that filled

with pus (unilocular/multilocular)
Inner surface of abscess will become thick and rough

KBI14

i.

Granulation tissue
(inner layer of abscess wall)

Inner part of abscess consists of inflammatory cells and necrotic cell

which produce necrotic material (pus)

ACUTE INFLAMMATION
APPENDIX
MACROSCOPIC

MICROSCOPIC
Terdapat renggangan terdiri dari
plasma edema
A

Cairan exudate

B
(PMN)

Terdapat celah2 antara sel edema

i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.

Appendix enlarged
Serosal surface reddened and visible of vasodilatation
Mucosal necrosis
Lumen appendix dilated
Faecolith or necrotic material often found in lumen

KBI14

i.
ii.
iii.
iv.

Wall of appendix swelling (edema)

Infiltration of inflammatory cell especially PMN (neutrophils) in
muscularis propria [B]
The vessels in serosal layer are found dilated [C]
Necrosis of mucosal layer [A]

CHRONIC INFLAMMATION
APPENDIX
MACROSCOPIC

MICROSCOPIC

A
(prominent
lympholicle)

C
(lymphocyte)
B

i.
ii.
iii.
iv.

Colour of appendix becoming pale white

Wall of appendix thickened
Lumen is narrowed
Consistency solid

KBI14

i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.

Wall of appendix become fibrotic

Infiltration of mononuclear cells [C]
The mucosal layer is intact [B]
Prominent lympholicle at submucosa [A]
Neovascularization

ABSCESS
OVARY
MACROSCOPIC

MICROSCOPIC

i.
ii.
iii.
iv.

Ovary enlarged
Loculated cyst that filled with pus in
ovary(unicular/multicular)
Color of ovary brownish
Inner surface of abscess become thick and rough

Pembuluh darah kecil

(angiogenesis)

i.

ii.

KBI14

Wall of abscess consists of:

Fibrous tissues (outer) [B]
Granulation tissue (inner) [A]
- Connective tissue with fibroblast proliferation
- New vascular formation (angiogenesis) [C]
- Infiltration of mononuclear cells
The abscess filed with necrotic material

GRANULOMAOUS INFLAMMATION
CERVICAL NODULES
MACROSCOPIC

MICROSCOPIC

A
(caseous necrosis)

B
(lymphocyte)

A
(caseous necrosis)
i.
ii.
iii.

Lymph node enlarged with solid consistency

[cut surface] cheese-like appearance caseous necrosis,
with yellow-white colour and soft consistency
At first solitary, but then can also affect surrounding and
attached to one another

KBI14

i.

D
(Langhans Giant Cell)

C
(epitheloid cell)

Formation of tubercles:
Hard tubercle
- Center: Epithelioid cells [C] (activated macrophage which shape
resemble epithelial cel and has pink granular cytoplasm with
indistinct cell boundaries
- Peripheral: Lymphocyte [B], fibroblast, langhans giant cell [D]
(fusion of epitheloid macrophage which nuclei lined up around
peripheral of cell)
Soft tubercle
- Center: caseous necrosis [A] (pink amorphous region of
granuloma)
- Peripheral: epithelioid cells, multinucleate giant cell Langhans
type

KBI14