6/7/2012

2-Week ISTE Workshop on CFD under the

National Mission of Education Through ICT
(MHRD, Govt. of India)

Derivation of DIFFERENTIAL Equation:

Unsteady State Heat Conduction
Rate of change of Internal Energy = Heat Gained by
(Conduction + Heat Generation)

qr r r r

qcond

cp

(q ) (q )

lim

0
r

(qr ) r r r r (qr ) r r
lim

r r
r 0

q r

q r
qr r

T
1 q rqr
kT
T

r
qgen
qgen
2
t
r
r
r r
r r
2

6/7/2012

Derivation of ALGEBRAIC Equation:

Unsteady State Heat Conduction
T n1 TPn
VP c p P
Qcond P QgenP
t
I Level of Approximation: Surface Averaging to
qn x
calculate heat flux at CV Faces
n
Conduction Heat Transfer Gain

Qcond P

f w ,s

q f S f

f e , n

w
q

q f S f w y

Derivation of Algebraic Equation: Unsteady

State Heat Conduction
II Level of Approximation: piecewise linear
approximation
N

e qe y

s q x
s

qex

T T
T T
qe k E P ; qw k P W
rPe
rPw
qn k

qw y

T T
TN TP
; qs k P S
rn
rs

n
P e qey

w s
qsx

Finite Volume Equation: Explicit Method

VP c p

cp

T T

T T
T
k
rP
rs P
t
rs
rP w

n
n
n
n
TE TP

TN TP
k
rP
rn P q VP
rn
rP e

n 1
P

n
P

n
P

n
W

n
P

n
S

T n TWn
T n TSn rs
TPn 1 TPn
k 2 P
P

t
rP rs rP
rP P w
T n TPn
T n TPn rn
k 2E
rP N
q
rP rn rP
rP P e

Physical
i
Domain

1,imax

jmax
j

Boundary CVs:
i=1 & imax;
j=2 to jmax-1
j=1 & jmax;
i=2 to imax-1

Interior CVs:
i=2 to imax-2;
j=2 to jmax-2

6/7/2012

Implementation Details: Grid points for

Heat Fluxes and Temperature
Computational Domain
jmax

A Pseudo Code:
2-D Unsteady State Conduction
Calculate Heat Flux in r-Direction
For j=1,jmax-1
For i=2,imax-1
deltar_f(j,i)=rcell(j+1,i)=rcell(j,i)
qr(j,i)=-k (T(j+1,i) T(j,i))
/deltar_f(j,i)
end; end

qr(j,i)

N
W

qt(j,i)

T(j,i)

S
1

imax

For j=2,imax-1 and i=2,imax-1

Qcond(j,i)=(qt(j,i-1))-qt(j,i))*deltar + (qr(j-1,i) )*r(j-1,i )-qr(j,i)*r(j,i))*deltatheta
T(j,i)=T(j,i)+(dt/(rho*cp*dV)) * Qcond(j,i)

A Composite Plate subjected to

Constant Temperature on the Boundary

L1 Tb4

1: COPPER

2: IRON

Tb1

Tb3
4:STAINLESS
STEEL
AISI 304

L2

3:ALUMINUM

Tb2

6/7/2012

jmax

L2

N
W
1

S
1

imax

Boundary CVs:
i=1 & imax;
j=2 to jmax-1
j=1 & jmax;
i=2 to imax-1
Border CVs:
i=2 & imax-1;
j=2 to jmax-1
j=2 & jmax-1;
i=2 to imax-1
Interior CVs:
i=2 to imax-1;
j=2 to jmax-1

Special Topics: CMSHT

Interface Treatment
Harmonic Mean of the Properties at the Interface
T T
ke1 ke 2
qe ke E P
E
P e
W
xe

TE TP
x e / 2 k e1 x e / 2 k e 2

2 1
1

k e k e1 k e 2

Special Topics: CMSHT

Special Topics: CMSHT

Example: Steel Plate

Tb1=1000C, Tb2=2000C,
Tb3=3000C, Tb4=4000C

Example: Steel Plate

Tb1=1000C, Tb2=2000C,
Tb3=3000C, Tb4=4000C

400
400
360

350 350

25
0

310

34 0

21

15 0

310

0 20

0.6

360
0
35

34 35
0 0

0.8

400
400
390

30

22

300

300

0
26

25
210
200

0.5

TEMP
400
350
300
250
200
150
100

300

0200
0

290

300

0.2

280

300

2 50

0.4
200

Steady State
Temperature (Line
and Flooded)
Contours

1250

20
150

Unsteady State
Temperature (Line
and Flooded)
Contours

xe / 2

150

CMSHT Grid Generation

L1

250

6/7/2012

A Composite Plate subjected to different types

Thermal BCs

Special Topics: CMSHT

h,T

L1
COPPER

Example: Steel Plate

Tb1=1000C,
h=100W/m2.K, T=300C
k=63.9W/m.K,
qW=10KW/m2

qW

IRON

L2

TW
STAINLESS
STEEL
AISI 304

Unsteady State
Temperature (Line
and Flooded)
Contours

ALUMINUM

Insulated

Special Topics: CMSHT

Example: Steel Plate
Tb1=1000C,
h=100W/m2.K, T=300C
k=63.9W/m.K,
qW=10KW/m2

12

0.9

140

11

100

0.7

12

150

0.6

14

110

0.4

130

0.5

120

0.3
0.2

110

0.1

130

Steady State
Temperature (Line
and Flooded)
Contours

13

0.8

0.5

98510

TEMP
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30

Non-Linear
Heat Conduction

6/7/2012

Special Topics: Nonlinearity in Conduction Heat

Transfer
L
T1
T2
i=1 2
3 w4
5
6 7
e
W
P
E

Governing Equation:

Exact Solution:

T T1

Special Topics: Nonlinearity in Conduction

Heat Transfer

Stainless Steel AISI 304: k0 7.2223; b 0.00246

Pure Iron (T<1000K): k0 135.7778; b 0.000794

b T 2 T12
2

Thermal Conductivity:

b T22 T12 x

T2 T1
2
L

Finite Volume Discretisation

T n TWn
T n1 TPn
T n TPn
VP c p P
ken E
Se kwn P
S w
t
xe
xw

Calculate thermal conductivity using the old time value

of temperature and then use the updated value of k to
calculate temperature for new time level.
Thus, calculation of k is lagged by one time step.

Special Topics: Nonlinearity in Conduction

Heat Transfer
Thermal Conductivity:

T1 0 C ; T2 100 C ;
0

k0 1W / m.K

K
Tx=0.5
(T1-T2)
1 1-101 70.4
0
1
50
-0.01 1-0
29.3

100

k=k0(1+bT)
b=1.0
b=0
b=-0.01

80
60

Thank You for Your attention

40

Welcome for any Questions,

20

Comments, and Suggestions

0
0

0.25

0.5
x

0.75