CRG Manual BB

CREDIT RISK
GRADING MANUAL
NOVEMBER, 2005
Credit Risk Grading Manual
CREDIT RISK GRADING MANUAL
One of most significant risks a bank is exposed to is, what is generally termed as, credit
risk. Since the largest slice of income generated by a bank and a major percentage of assets
is subject to this risk, it is obvious that prudent management of this risk is fundamental to the
sustainability of a bank.
In 1993 Bangladesh Bank made the first regulatory move to introduce best practices in this
area through the introduction of the Lending Risk Analysis (LRA) for all lending exposures
undertaken by a bank in excess of Tk10 Million.
The LRA forced banks to take a systemic approach towards risk analysis. LRA however made
no attempt to introduce a Risk Grading System (RGS) for unclassified accounts.
With the world moving towards Basle II the need to introduce a RGS for the industry is
essential. In 2003, BB made the Core Risk Management Guidelines (CRMG) mandatory. The
Credit Risk Management module in CRMG, for the first time, introduced the requirement of
grading unclassified accounts. The CRMG however, was not detailed enough for banks to fully
implement a RGS. Therefore in January 2004, BIBM was instructed by Governor Bangladesh
Bank to produce a Credit Risk Grading Manual (CRGM) based on the Core Risks
Management Guidelines. BIBM constituted a Focus Group for this purpose. The CRGM was
completed and submitted to BB in Sept 04.
this was reviewed by a Industry Review Group (IRG) consisting of members from NCBs,.
PCBs and FCBs involved specifically in the credit approval and corporate banking functions.
The IRG met a number of times in august and September 2005 and gave their
recommendations. These were discussed and suitable amendments made in the Guidelines.
The CRGM is a mandatory replacement of the LRA and will be applicable for all exposures
(irrespective of amount) other than those covered under Consumer and Small Enterprises
Financing Prudential Guidelines and also under The Short-Term Agricultural and Micro Credit.
MUHAMMAD A. (RUMEE) ALI

DEPUTY GOVERNOR
October 2005.
Prepared for
Bangladesh Bank
Prepared By
Focus Group Members

Dr. Sujit R. Saha, Professor & Director (Training), Bangladesh Institute of Bank Management
Mr. Sudhir Chandra Das, DGM, Financial Institutions Department, Bangladesh Bank
Mr. Niaz Habib, Deputy Managing Director, United Commercial Bank Limited
Reviewed By
Review Committee Members
Mr. Mir Abdur Rahim, General Manager, DBI-1, Co-ordinator

Mr. Niaz Habib, DMD,UCBL, Member of Focus Group, Member
Mr. Dawood Ahmed Sikder, DGM, ICD, Janata Bank, Member
Mrs. Johora Bebe, EVP & HOC, One Bank Ltd, Member
Mr. Khurram Khan, Senior Credit Officer, SCB, Member
Mr. Mian Quamrul Hasan Chowdhury, DD, DBI-1, Member of CRMG, Member
Table of Contents
Contents
Page
Preamble.......... 6
Introduction.............. 7
Definition of Credit Risk Grading (CRG) 8
Functions of Credit Risk Grading .... 8
Use of Credit Risk Grading.. 8
Number and Short Name of Grades Used in the CRG.. 8
Credit Risk Grading Definitions.
Superior - (SUP) 1 .
Good - (GD) - 2.
Acceptable - (ACCPT) -3.
Marginal/Watchlist (MG/WL) -4
Special Mention (SM) 5
Substandard- (SS) 6..
Doubtful- (DF) 7..
Bad & Loss - (BL) - 8..
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
Regulatory Definition on Grading of Classified Accounts 10

How to Compute Credit Risk Grading..............
Step I Identify all the Principal Risk Components .
Flow chart- Credit Risk- Principal Risk & Key Parameters
Step II Allocate weightages to Principal Risk Components.
Step III Establish the Key Parameters.
Step IV Assign weightages to each of the Key Parameters.
Step V Input data to arrive at the score on the key parameters
Step VI Arrive at the Credit Risk Grading based on total score obtained.
12
12
13
14
14
14
15
15
Credit Risk Grading Process.. 16

Early Warning Signals (EWS). 17
Exceptions to Credit Risk Grading 18
Credit Risk Grading Review 18
MIS on Credit Risk Grading 19
Financial Spread Sheet. 19
Appendices 20-42
Appendix-A
Appendix-B
Appendix-C
Appendix-D
Appendix-E
Appendix-F
Data Collection Check List. 20-21

Limit Utilization Form.. 22-23
Credit Risk Grading Score Sheet 24-27
Credit Risk Grading Form.. 28-29
MIS Reports on Credit Risk Grading. 30-35
Financial Spread Sheet (FSS).. 36-42
Enclosed: MS Excel file named, CRG_Score_Sheet in CD ROM for use.

Preamble
Credit risk is the primary financial risk in the banking system. Identifying and assessing credit risk is
essentially a first step in managing it effectively. In 1993, Bangladesh Bank as suggested by Financial
Sector Reform Project (FSRP) first introduced and directed to use Credit Risk Grading system in the
Banking Sector of Bangladesh under the caption Lending Risk Analysis (LRA). The Banking sector
since then has changed a lot as credit culture has been shifting towards a more professional and
standardized Credit Risk Management approach.
Credit Risk Grading system is a dynamic process and various models are followed in different countries
& different organizations for measuring credit risk. The risk grading system changes in line with
business complexities. A more effective credit risk grading process needs to be introduced in the
Banking Sector of Bangladesh to make the credit risk grading mechanism easier to implement.
Keeping the above objective in mind, the Lending Risk Analysis Manual (under FSRP) of Bangladesh
Bank has been amended, developed and re-produced in the name of Credit Risk Grading Manual.
The Credit Risk Grading Manual has taken into consideration the necessary changes required in order to
correctly assess the credit risk environment in the Banking industry. This manual has also been able to
address the limitations prevailed in the Lending Risk Analysis Manual.
All Banks should adopt a credit risk grading system outlined in this manual. Risk grading is a key
measurement of a Banks asset quality, and as such, it is essential that grading is a robust process.
INTRODUCTION
Credit risk grading is an important tool for credit risk management as it helps the Banks & financial
institutions to understand various dimensions of risk involved in different credit transactions. The
aggregation of such grading across the borrowers, activities and the lines of business can provide
better assessment of the quality of credit portfolio of a bank or a branch. The credit risk grading system
is vital to take decisions both at the pre-sanction stage as well as post-sanction stage.
At the pre-sanction stage, credit grading helps the sanctioning authority to decide whether to lend or
not to lend, what should be the loan price, what should be the extent of exposure, what should be the
appropriate credit facility, what are the various facilities, what are the various risk mitigation tools to
put a cap on the risk level.
At the post-sanction stage, the bank can decide about the depth of the review or renewal, frequency of
review, periodicity of the grading, and other precautions to be taken.
Having considered the significance of credit risk grading, it becomes imperative for the banking system
to carefully develop a credit risk grading model which meets the objective outlined above.
The Lending Risk Analysis (LRA) manual introduced in 1993 by the Bangladesh Bank has been in
practice for mandatory use by the Banks & financial institutions for loan size of BDT 1.00 crore and
above. However, the LRA manual suffers from a lot of subjectivity, sometimes creating confusion to the
lending Bankers in terms of selection of credit proposals on the basis of risk exposure. Meanwhile, in
2003 end Bangladesh Bank provided guidelines for credit risk management of Banks wherein it
recommended, interalia, the introduction of Risk Grade Score Card for risk assessment of credit
proposals.
Since the two credit risk models are presently in vogue, the Governing Board of Bangladesh Institute of
Bank Management (BIBM) under the chairmanship of the Governor, Bangladesh Bank decided that an
integrated Credit Risk Grading Model be developed incorporating the significant features of the above
mentioned models with a view to render a need based simplified and user friendly model for application
by the Banks and financial institutions in processing credit decisions and evaluating the magnitude of
risk involved therein.
Bangladesh Bank expects all commercial banks to have a well defined credit risk management system
which delivers accurate and timely risk grading. This manual describes the elements of an effective
internal process for grading credit risk. It also provides a comprehensive, but generic discussion of the
objectives and general characteristics of effective credit risk grading system. In practice, a banks credit
risk grading system should reflect the complexity of its lending activities and the overall level of risk
involved.
DEFINITION OF CREDIT RISK GRADING (CRG)
The Credit Risk Grading (CRG) is a collective definition based on the pre-specified scale and
reflects the underlying credit-risk for a given exposure.
A Credit Risk Grading deploys a number/ alphabet/ symbol as a primary summary indicator of
risks associated with a credit exposure.
Credit Risk Grading is the basic module for developing a Credit Risk Management system.
FUNCTIONS OF CREDIT RISK GRADING

Well-managed credit risk grading systems promote bank safety and soundness by facilitating informed
decision-making. Grading systems measure credit risk and differentiate individual credits and groups of
credits by the risk they pose. This allows bank management and examiners to monitor changes and
trends in risk levels. The process also allows bank management to manage risk to optimize returns.
USE OF CREDIT RISK GRADING
The Credit Risk Grading matrix allows application of uniform standards to credits to ensure a
common standardized approach to assess the quality of individual obligor, credit portfolio of a
unit, line of business, the branch or the Bank as a whole.
As evident, the CRG outputs would be relevant for individual credit selection, wherein either a
borrower or a particular exposure/facility is rated. The other decisions would be related to
pricing (credit-spread) and specific features of the credit facility. These would largely constitute
obligor level analysis.
Risk grading would also be relevant for surveillance and monitoring, internal MIS and assessing
the aggregate risk profile of a Bank. It is also relevant for portfolio level analysis.
NUMBER AND SHORT NAME OF GRADES USED IN THE CRG
The proposed CRG scale consists of 8 categories with Short names and Numbers are provided
as follows:
GRADING
Superior
Good
Acceptable
Marginal/Watchlist
Special Mention
Sub standard
Doubtful
Bad & Loss
SHORT NAME
SUP
GD
ACCPT
MG/WL
SM
SS
DF
BL
NUMBER
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
CREDIT RISK GRADING DEFINITIONS

A clear definition of the different categories of Credit Risk Grading is given as follows:
Superior - (SUP) - 1
Credit facilities, which are fully secured i.e. fully cash covered.
Credit facilities fully covered by government guarantee.
Credit facilities fully covered by the guarantee of a top tier international Bank.
Good - (GD) - 2
Strong repayment capacity of the borrower

The borrower has excellent liquidity and low leverage.
The company demonstrates consistently strong earnings and cash flow.
Borrower has well established, strong market share.
Very good management skill & expertise.
All security documentation should be in place.
Credit facilities fully covered by the guarantee of a top tier local Bank.
Aggregate Score of 85 or greater based on the Risk Grade Score Sheet
Acceptable - (ACCPT) - 3
These borrowers are not as strong as GOOD Grade borrowers, but still demonstrate
consistent earnings, cash flow and have a good track record.
Borrowers have adequate liquidity, cash flow and earnings.
Credit in this grade would normally be secured by acceptable collateral (1st charge
over inventory / receivables / equipment / property).
Acceptable management
Acceptable parent/sister company guarantee
Aggregate Score of 75-84 based on the Risk Grade Score Sheet
Marginal/Watchlist - (MG/WL) - 4
This grade warrants greater attention due to conditions affecting the borrower, the
industry or the economic environment.
These borrowers have an above average risk due to strained liquidity, higher than
normal leverage, thin cash flow and/or inconsistent earnings.
Weaker business credit & early warning signals of emerging business credit detected.
The borrower incurs a loss
Loan repayments routinely fall past due
Account conduct is poor, or other untoward factors are present.
Credit requires attention
Aggregate Score of 65-74 based on the Risk Grade Score Sheet
Special Mention - (SM) - 5

This grade has potential weaknesses that deserve managements close attention. If
left uncorrected, these weaknesses may result in a deterioration of the repayment
prospects of the borrower.
Severe management problems exist.
Facilities should be downgraded to this grade if sustained deterioration in financial
condition is noted (consecutive losses, negative net worth, excessive leverage),
An Aggregate Score of 55-64 based on the Risk Grade Score Sheet.
Substandard - (SS) - 6
Financial condition is weak and capacity or inclination to repay is in doubt.
These weaknesses jeopardize the full settlement of loans.
Bangladesh Bank criteria for sub-standard credit shall apply.
Doubtful - (DF) - 7
Full repayment of principal and interest is unlikely and the possibility of loss is
extremely high.
However, due to specifically identifiable pending factors, such as litigation, liquidation
procedures or capital injection, the asset is not yet classified as Bad & Loss.
Bangladesh Bank criteria for doubtful credit shall apply.
Bad & Loss - (BL) - 8
Credit of this grade has long outstanding with no progress in obtaining repayment or
on the verge of wind up/liquidation.
Prospect of recovery is poor and legal options have been pursued.
Proceeds expected from the liquidation or realization of security may be awaited. The
continuance of the loan as a bankable asset is not warranted, and the anticipated loss
should have been provided for.
This classification reflects that it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this
basically valueless asset even though partial recovery may be affected in the future.
Bangladesh Bank guidelines for timely write off of bad loans must be adhered to. Legal
procedures/suit initiated.
Bangladesh Bank criteria for bad & loss credit shall apply.
An Aggregate Score of less than 35 based on the Risk Grade Score Sheet.
REGULATORY DEFINITION ON GRADING OF CLASSIFIED ACCOUNTS

Irrespective of credit score obtained by a particular obligor, grading of the classified names should be in
line with Bangladesh Bank guidelines on classified accounts, which is extracted from PRUDENTIAL
REGULATIONS FOR BANKS: SELECTED ISSUES (updated till August 07, 2005) by Bangladesh Bank are
presently as follows:
Basis for Loan Classification:
(A)
Objective Criteria:
Any Continuous Loan if not repaid/renewed within the fixed expiry date for repayment will be
treated as irregular just from the following day of the expiry date. This loan will be classified as
Sub-standard if it is kept irregular for 6 months or beyond but less than 9 months, as
`Doubtful' if for 9 months or beyond but less than 12 months and as `Bad & Loss' if for 12
months or beyond.
Any Demand Loan will be considered as Sub-standard if it remains unpaid for 6 months or
beyond but not less then 9 months from the date of claim by the bank or from the date of
forced creation of the loan; likewise the loan will be considered as Doubtful' and Bad & Loss if
remains unpaid for 9 months or beyond but less then 12 months and for 12 months and
beyond respectively.
In case any instalment(s) or part of instalment(s) of a Fixed Term Loan is not repaid within the
due date, the amount of unpaid instalment(s) will be termed as `defaulted instalment'.
In case of Fixed Term Loans, which are repayable within maximum 5 (five) years of time: If the amount of `defaulted instalment' is equal to or more than the amount of instalment(s) due within
6 months, the entire loan will be classified as Sub-standard.
10
If the amount of 'defaulted instalment' is equal to or more than the amount of instalment(s) due within
12 months, the entire loan will be classified as Doubtful.
If the amount of 'defaulted instalment' is equal to or more than the amount of instalment(s) due within
18 months, the entire loan will be classified as Bad & Loss.
In case of Fixed Term Loans, which are repayable in more than 5 (five) years of time:
If the amount of defaulted instalment' is equal to or more than the amount of instalment(s)
due within 12 months, the entire loan will be classified as 'Sub-standard.'
If the amount of defaulted instalment' is equal to or more than the amount of instalment(s)
due within 18 months, the entire loan will be classified as 'Doubtful'.
If the amount of 'defaulted instalment 'is equal to or more than the amount of instalment(s)
due within 24 months, the entire loan will be classified as 'Bad & Loss'.
Explanation: If any Fixed Term Loan is repayable at monthly instalment, the amount of instalment(s)
due within 6 months will be equal to the amount of summation of 6 monthly instalments. Similarly, if
repayable at quarterly instalment, the amount of instalment(s) due within 6 months will be equal to the
amount of summation of 2 quarterly instalments.
(B)
Qualitative Judgement:
If any uncertainty or doubt arises in respect of recovery of any Continuous Loan, Demand Loan or Fixed
Term Loan, the same will have to be classified on the basis of qualitative judgement be it classifiable or
not on the basis of objective criteria.
If any situational changes occur in the stipulations in terms of which the loan was extended or if the
capital of the borrower is impaired due to adverse conditions or if the value of the securities decreases
or if the recovery of the loan becomes uncertain due to any other unfavorable situation, the loan will
have to be classified on the basis of qualitative judgement .
Besides, if any loan is illogically or repeatedly re-scheduled or the norms of re-scheduling are violated
or instances of (propensity to) frequently exceeding the loan-limit are noticed or legal action is lodged
for recovery of the loan or the loan is extended without the approval of the proper authority, it will
have to be classified on the basis of qualitative judgement .
Despite the probability of any loan's being affected due to the reasons stated above or for any other
reasons, if there exists any hope for change of the existing condition by resorting to proper steps, the
loan, on the basis of qualitative judgement, will be classified as 'Sub-standard'. But even if after
resorting to proper steps, there exists no certainty of total recovery of the loan, it will be classified as
Doubtful' and even after exerting the all-out effort, there exists no chance of recovery, it will be
classified as ' Bad & Loss' on the basis of qualitative judgement.
The concerned bank will classify on the basis of qualitative judgement and can declassify the loans if
qualitative improvement does occur.
But if any loan is classified by the Inspection Team of Bangladesh Bank, the same can be declassified
with the approval of the Board of Directors of the bank. However, before placing such case to the
Board, the CEO and concerned branch manager shall have to certify that the conditions for
declassification have been fulfilled.
Note:
a) Any change in classification criteria provided by the Bangladesh Bank shall supersede this
grading system for classified accounts.
b) An account may also be classified based on qualitative judgment in line with Bangladesh Bank
guidelines.
c) A particular bank may have classification criteria stricter than Bangladesh Bank guidelines.
11
HOW TO COMPUTE CREDIT RISK GRADING

The following step-wise activities outline the detail process for arriving at credit risk grading.
Step I
: Identify all the Principal Risk Components
Credit risk for counterparty arises from an aggregation of the following:

Financial Risk
Business/Industry Risk
Management Risk
Security Risk
Relationship Risk
Each of the above mentioned key risk areas require to be evaluated and aggregated to arrive at an
overall risk grading measure.
a)
Evaluation of Financial Risk:

Risk that counterparties will fail to meet obligation due to financial distress. This typically entails
analysis of financials i.e. analysis of leverage, liquidity, profitability & interest coverage ratios. To
conclude, this capitalizes on the risk of high leverage, poor liquidity, low profitability &
insufficient cash flow.
b)
Evaluation of Business/Industry Risk:

Risk that adverse industry situation or unfavorable business condition will impact borrowers
capacity to meet obligation. The evaluation of this category of risk looks at parameters such as
business outlook, size of business, industry growth, market competition & barriers to entry/exit.
To conclude, this capitalizes on the risk of failure due to low market share & poor industry
growth.
c)
Evaluation of Management Risk:

Risk that counterparties may default as a result of poor managerial ability including experience
of the management, its succession plan and team work.
d)
Evaluation of Security Risk:

Risk that the bank might be exposed due to poor quality or strength of the security in case of
default. This may entail strength of security & collateral, location of collateral and support.
e)
Evaluation of Relationship Risk:

These risk areas cover evaluation of limits utilization, account performance, conditions/covenants
compliance by the borrower and deposit relationship.
12
CREDIT RISK
Financial Risk
Leverage
Business/Industry
Risk
Size of Business
Security Risk
Management Risk
Relationship Risk
Experience
Security Coverage
Account Conduct
Succession
Collateral
Coverage
Utilization of Limit
Team Work
Support
Compliance of
Covenants/Condition
Age of Business
Liquidity
Business Outlook
Profitability
Industry Growth
Coverage
Personal Deposits
Market Competition
Barriers to Business
13
Step II
Allocate weightages to Principal Risk Components
According to the importance of risk profile, the following weightages are proposed for corresponding
principal risks.
Principal Risk Components:
Financial Risk
Management Risk
Security Risk
Relationship Risk
Step III
50%
18%
12%
10%
10%
Establish the Key Parameters

Financial Risk
Management Risk
Security Risk
Relationship Risk
Step IV
Weight:
Key Parameters:
Leverage, Liquidity, Profitability & Coverage ratio.
Size of Business, Age of Business, Business Outlook,
Industry Growth, Competition & Barriers to Business
Experience, Succession & Team Work.
Security Coverage, Collateral Coverage and Support.
Account Conduct ,Utilization of Limit, Compliance of
covenants/conditions & Personal Deposit.
Assign weightages to each of the key parameters.

Financial Risk
Management Risk
Security Risk
Relationship Risk
Key Parameters:
Leverage
Liquidity
Profitability
Coverage
Size of Business
Age of Business
Business Outlook
Industry growth
Market Competition
Entry/Exit Barriers
Experience
Succession
Team Work
Security coverage
Collateral coverage
Support
Account conduct
Utilization of limit
Compliance of covenants
/condition
Personal deposit
Weight:
50%
15%
15%
15%
5%
18%
5%
3%
3%
3%
2%
2%
12%
5%
4%
3%
10%
4%
4%
2%
10%
5%
2%
2%
1%
14
Step V
Input data to arrive at the score on the key parameters.
After the risk identification & weightage assignment process (as mentioned above), the next steps will
be to input actual parameter in the score sheet to arrive at the scores corresponding to the actual
parameters.
This manual also provides a well programmed MS Excel based credit risk scoring sheet to arrive at a
total score on each borrower. The excel program requires inputting data accurately in particular cells
for input and will automatically calculate the risk grade for a particular borrower based on the total
score obtained. The following steps are to be followed while using the MS Excel program.
a) Open the MS XL file named, CRG_SCORE_SHEET
b) The entire XL sheet named, CRG is protected except the particular cells to input data.
c) Input data accurately in the cells which are BORDERED & are colored YELLOW.
d) Some input cells contain DROP DOWN LIST for some criteria corresponding to the Key
Parameters. Click to the input cell and select the appropriate parameters from the DROP
DOWN LIST as shown below.
e)
f)
All the cells provided for input must be filled in order to arrive at accurate risk grade.
We have also enclosed the MS Excel file named, CRG_Score_Sheet in CD ROM for use.
Step VI
Arrive at the Credit Risk Grading based on total score obtained.
The following is the proposed Credit Risk Grade matrix based on the total score obtained by an
obligor.
Number
Risk Grading
Short Name
Score
Superior
SUP
Good
GD
Acceptable
ACCPT
75-84
Marginal/Watchlist
MG/WL
65-74
Special Mention
SM
55-64
Sub-standard
SS
45-54
Doubtful
DF
35-44
Bad & Loss
BL
<35
100% cash covered

Government guarantee
International Bank guarantees
85+
15
CREDIT RISK GRADING PROCESS

Credit Risk Grading should be completed by a Bank for all exposures (irrespective of
amount) other than those covered under Consumer and Small Enterprises Financing
Prudential Guidelines and also under The Short-Term Agricultural and Micro - Credit.
For Superior Risk Grading (SUP-1) the score sheet is not applicable. This will be guided by the
criterion mentioned for superior grade account i.e. 100% cash covered, covered by government
& bank guarantee.
Credit risk grading matrix would be useful in analyzing credit proposal, new or renewal for
regular limits or specific transactions, if basic information on a borrowing client to determine the
degree of each factor is a) readily available, b) current, c) dependable, and d) parameters/risk
factors are assessed judiciously and objectively. The Relationship Manager as per Data
Collection Checklist as shown in Appendix-A should collect required information.
Relationship manager should ensure to correctly fill up the Limit Utilization Form as shown in
Appendix-B in order to arrive at a realistic earning status for the borrower.
Risk factors are to be evaluated and weighted very carefully, on the basis of most up-to-date
and reliable data and complete objectivity must be ensured to assign the correct grading. Actual
parameter should be inputted in the Credit Risk Grading Score Sheet as shown in AppendixC.
Credit risk grading exercise should be originated by Relationship Manager and should be an ongoing and continuous process. Relationship Manager shall complete the Credit Risk Grading
Score Sheet and shall arrive at a risk grading in consultation with a Senior Relationship Manager
and document it as per Credit Risk Grading Form as shown in Appendix-D, which shall then be
concurred by the Credit Officer in consultation with a Senior Credit Officer.
All credit proposals whether new, renewal or specific facility should consist of a) Data Collection
Checklist, b) Limit Utilization Form c) Credit Risk Grading Score Sheet, and d) Credit Risk
Grading Form.
The credit officers then would pass the approved Credit Risk Grading Form to Credit
Administration Department and Corporate Banking/Line of Business/Recovery Unit for updating
their MIS/record.
The appropriate approving authority through the same Credit Risk Grading Form shall approve
any subsequent change/revision i.e. upgrade or downgrade in credit risk grade.
16
EARLY WARNING SIGNALS (EWS)

Early Warning Signals (EWS) indicate risks or potential weaknesses of an exposure requiring
monitoring, supervision, or close attention by management.
If these weaknesses are left uncorrected, they may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects
in the Banks assets at some future date with a likely prospect of being downgraded to classified
assets.
Early identification, prompt reporting and proactive management of Early Warning Accounts are prime
credit responsibilities of all Relationship Managers and must be undertaken on a continuous basis.
Despite a prudent credit approval process, loans may still become troubled. Therefore, it is essential
that early identification and prompt reporting of deteriorating credit signs be done to ensure swift
action to protect the Banks interest. The symptoms of early warning signals as mentioned below are
by no means exhaustive and hence, if there are other concerns, such as a breach of loan covenants
or adverse market rumors that warrant additional caution, a Credit Risk Grading Form (Appendix-D)
should be presented.
Irrespective of credit score obtained by any obligor as per the proposed risk grade score sheet, the
grading of the account highlighted as Early Warning Signals (EWS) accounts shall have the following
risk symptoms.
a)
Marginal/Watchlist (MG/WL - 4): if Any loan is past due/overdue for 60 days and above.
Frequent drop in security value or shortfall in drawing power exists.
b)
Special Mention (SM - 5): if Any loan is past due/overdue for 90 days and above
Major document deficiency prevails (such deficiencies include but not limited to;
board resolution for borrowing not obtained, sanction letter not accepted by client,
charges/hypothecation over assets favoring bank not filed with Registrar, Joint
Stock Companies, mortgage not in place, guarantees not obtained, etc.)
A significant petition or claim is lodged against the borrower.
The Credit Risk Grading Form of accounts having Early Warning Signals should be completed by the
Relationship Manager and sent to the approving authority in Credit Risk Management Department.
The Credit Risk Grade should be updated as soon as possible and no delay should be there in
referring Early Warning Signal accounts or any problem accounts to the Credit Risk Management
Department for their early involvement and assistance in recovery.
17
EXCEPTIONS TO CREDIT RISK GRADING

Head of Credit Risk Management may also downgrade/classify an account in the normal course of
inspection of a Branch or during the periodic portfolio review. In such event, the Credit Risk
Grading Form will then be filled up by Credit Risk Management Department and will be referred to
Corporate Banking/Line of Business/Credit Administration Department/Recovery Unit for updating
their MIS/records.
Recommendation for upgrading of an account has to be well justified by the recommending
officers. Essentially complete removal of the reasons for downgrade should be the basis of any
upgrading.
In case an account is rated marginal, special mention or unacceptable credit risk as per the risk
grading score sheet, this may be substantiated and credit risk may be accepted if the exposure is
additionally collateralized through cash collateral, good tangible collaterals and strong guarantees.
These are exceptions and should be exceptionally approved by the appropriate
approving authority.
Whenever required an independent assessment of the credit risk grading of an individual account
may be conducted by the Head of Credit Risk Management or by the Internal Auditor
documenting as to why the credit deteriorated and also pointing out the lapses.
If a Bank has its own well established risk grading system equivalent to the proposed credit risk
grading or stricter, then they will have the option to continue with their own risk grading system.
CREDIT RISK GRADING REVIEW
Credit Risk Grading for each borrower should be assigned at the inception of lending and should be
periodically updated. Frequencies of the review of the credit risk grading are mentioned below;
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Risk Grading
Short
Review frequency (at least)
Superior
Good
Acceptable
Marginal/Watchlist
Special Mention
Sub-standard
Doubtful
Bad & Loss
SUP
GD
ACCPT
MG/WL
SM
SS
DF
BL
Annually
Annually
Annually
Half yearly
Quarterly
Quarterly
Quarterly
Quarterly
18
MIS ON CREDIT RISK GRADING

Bank should have comprehensive MIS reports on credit risk grading to evaluate entire credit
portfolio of the Bank. Format of such MIS reports on credit risk grading has been presented
in Appendix - E.
Credit
Credit
Credit
Credit
Risk
Risk
Risk
Risk
Grading
Grading
Grading
Grading
Report (Consolidated)
Report (Branch Wise)
Report (Branch & Risk Grade Wise)
Report (Grade Wise Borrower List)
MIS reports as mentioned above should be prepared and circulated at least on a quarterly
basis.
FINANCIAL SPREAD SHEET (FSS)

A Financial Spread Sheet (FSS) has been developed which may be used by the Banks while analyzing
the credit risk elements of a credit proposal from financial point of view.
The FSS is well designed and programmed software having two parts. Input and Output Sheets. The
financial numbers of borrowers need to be inputted in the Input Sheets which will then automatically
generate the Output Sheets. The Financial Spread Sheet (FSS) is attached as Appendix - F.
19
APPENDIX-A
DATA COLLECTION CHECK LIST
20
ABC BANK LIMITED- Dhanmondi Branch

DATA COLLECTION CHECK LIST
Documents/items required for Credit Risk Grading
Required? Obtained?
YES
NO
YES NO
Company accounts for at least 3 years

Bank statements for prior 12 months from previous bank (for new customer)
Set of accounts for at least two competitors (if published)
Industry average figures (If available)
Financial projection required for:
Term loans; forecasts should be for the duration of the term loan.
New overdraft facilities-forecast should be for 12 months
Working capital estimation for new/renewal/enhancement of facility.
Financial Spread Sheet (FSS)
Customer Limit Utilization Form
Current CIB Report of the Obligor
Organization chart
Biodata for
All Directors Other key executives
Head of operations/marketing
Copies of all reports on site visits made during the last 12 months.
Valuations of securities/collateral offered
Memorandum/articles of association/certificate of incorporation
Business plan/Project Feasibility Report (required for start up company)
Receivables Aging
Clients declaration of Stock/Inventory and Book Debts for the last 12 months
Trade License
TIN Certificate
Pending Item Checklist

Item
_________________________
Relationship Manager (RM)
Responsibility
Due Date
Status
______________________________
Senior Relationship Manager (SRM)
21
APPENDIX-B
LIMIT UTILIZATION FORM
22
LIMIT UTILIZATION FORM

Borrower: XYZ Company Limited Principal Branch
Date:
Period: For the Period from ----------- to -------------- (12 months Actual/Projected)
Account Performance:
Nature of the Account
Debit
Summation
Credit
Summation
N/A
X
X
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
X
X
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Current Deposit Account

Overdraft (OD)
Cash Credit (CC)
Term Loan
Import Loan
Local/Export Bills outstanding
Guarantee
Account Volume:
Facilities
Letter of Credits
Guarantees
Local/Export Bills Handled
(Amount in 000 Taka)

Balance/Outstanding
Maximum
Minimum
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Total No. of transaction

X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Amount in 000 Taka

X
X
X
Account Profitability:
Nature of
Account/Facility
Average
Utilization
Rate of
Interest
Interest
Income
Current Account
Overdraft/Cash Credit
X
X
SLC
Term Loan
Import Loan-Hypo
Demand Loan-Hypo
X
X
X
Guarantees
LBDP/Export Bills Handled
Gross Earnings
Less: Cost of Fund
Net Earnings
(Amount in 000 Taka)

Commission
Other
Total
Revenue
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
XXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
XX
XXX
XX
XXX
XXX
XXX
Comment on Relationship/Earnings:
Our earnings from borrower for the last year was BDT------------- and from Group BDT------Our projected earnings from borrower for the next year will be BDT------ and Group BDT--Account Turnover and utilization of limit during the last year was satisfactory.
_________________________
__________________________
23
APPENDIX-C
CREDIT RISK GRADING SCORE SHEET
24
Reference No:
Borrower:
Group Name (if any):
Branch:
Industry/Sector:
Date of Financials:
Completed by:
Approved by:
Date:
Aggregate Score: _________
Risk Grading:
_________
Number
Grading
Short
Score
Superior
SUP
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Good
Acceptable
Marginal/Watchlist
Special Mention
Substandard
Doubtful
Bad & Loss
Fully cash secured, secured by

Government/International Bank
Guarantee
85+
75-84
65-74
55-64
45-54
35-44
<35
Criteria
Weight
A. Financial Risk
50%
1. Leverage: (15%)
Debt Equity Ratio () - Times
Total Liabilities to Tangible Net worth
All calculations should be based on
annual financial statements of the
borrower (audited preferred).
2. Liquidity: (15%)
Current Ratio () - Times
Current Assets to Current Liabilities
3. Profitability: (15%)
Operating Profit Margin (%)
Operating Profit
Sales
100
4. Coverage: (5%)
Interest Coverage Ratio ()-Times
Earning Before Interest & Tax (EBIT)
Interest on debt
Total ScoreFinancial Risk
GD
ACCPT
MG/WL
SM
SS
DF
BL
Parameter
Score
Less than 0.25

0.26 to 0.35 x
0.36 to 0.50 x
0.51 to 0.75 x
0.76 to 1.25 x
1.26 to 2.00 x
2.01 to 2.50 x
2.51 to 2.75 x
More than 2.75
Greater than 2.74
2.50 to 2.74 x
2.00 to 2.49 x
1.50 to 1.99 x
1.10 to 1.49 x
0.90 to 1.09 x
0.80 to 0.89 x
0.70 to 0.79 x
Less than 0.70
15
14
13
12
11
10
8
7
0
15
14
13
12
11
10
8
7
0
Greater than 25%

20% to 24%
15% to 19%
10% to 14%
7% to 9%
4% to 6%
1% to 3%
Less than 1%
More than 2.00
More than 1.51 Less than 2.00
Less than 1.00
15
14
13
12
10
9
7
0
5
4
3
2
0
50
Actual
Parameter
Score
Obtained
25
Criteria
B. Business/Industry Risk
Weight
18%
1. Size of Business (Sales in BDT crore)
Parameter
Score
> 60.00
30.00 59.99
10.00 29.99
5.00 - 9.99
2.50 - 4.99
< 2.50
> 10 years
> 5 - 10 years
2 - 5 years
< 2 years
5
4
3
2
1
0
3
2
1
0
Favorable
Stable
Slightly Uncertain
Cause for Concern
3
2
1
0
Strong (10%+)
Good (>5% - 10%)
Moderate (1% - 5%)
No Growth (<1%)
3
2
1
0
5. Market Competition
Dominant Player
Moderately Competitive
Highly Competitive
2
1
0
6. Entry/Exit Barriers
Difficult
Average
Easy
2
1
0
The size of the borrowers business

measured by the most recent years
total sales. Preferably based on audited
financial statements
2. Age of Business
The number of years the borrower has
been engaged in the primary line of
business.
3. Business Outlook
A critical assessment of the medium
term prospects of the borrower, taking
into account the industry, market share
and economic factors.
4. Industry Growth
Total Score-Business/Industry Risk
Criteria
C. Management Risk
Weight
12%
Parameter
Score
5
2. Second Line/ Succession
Ready Succession
Succession within 1-2 years
Succession in question
4
3
2
0
3. Team Work
Very Good
Moderate
Poor
Regular Conflict
The quality of management based on

the aggregate number of years that
the Senior Management Team has
been in the industry.
Total Score-Management Risk
Score
Obtained
18
More than 10 years in the related

line of business
510 years in the related line of
business
business
No experience
1. Experience
(Management & Management Team)
Actual
Parameter
Actual
Score
Parameter Obtained
3
2
0
3
2
1
0
12
26
Criteria
D. Security Risk
Weight
10%
1. Security Coverage (Primary)
2. Collateral Coverage
(Property Location)
3. Support (Guarantee)
Parameter
Fully pledged facilities/substantially
cash covered/Reg. Mortg, for HBL
Registered Hypothecation
(1st charge/1st Pari passu charge)
2nd Charge/Inferior charge
Simple hypothecation/negative lien
on assets.
No security
Registered Mortgage on Municipal
Corporation/Prime area property.
Registered
Mortgage
on
Pourashava/semi-urban
area
property
Equitable Mortgage or No property
but plant & machinery as collateral
Negative lien on collateral
No collateral
Personal guarantee with high net
worth
or
Strong
Corporate
Guarantee
Personal Guarantees or Corporate
Guarantee with average financial
strength
No Support/Guarantee
Total Score- Security Risk
Criteria
Weight
E. Relationship Risk
1. Account Conduct
10%
2. Utilization of Limit
(actual/projection)
3. Compliance of
Covenants / Conditions
4. Personal Deposits
The extent to which the bank
maintains
a
personal
banking
relationship with the key business
sponsors/principals.
Total Score-Relationship Risk
Grand Total- All Risk
Parameter
Score
Actual
Score
Parameter Obtained
4
3
2
1
0
4
3
2
1
0
2
1
0
10
Score
More than 3 (three) years accounts

with faultless record
Less than 3 (three) years accounts
Accounts
having
satisfactory
dealings with some late payments
Frequent Past dues & Irregular
dealings in account
More than 60%
40% - 60%
Less than 40%
Full Compliance
Some Non-Compliance
No Compliance
Personal accounts of the key

business Sponsors/ Principals are
maintained in the bank, with
significant deposits
No depository relationship
Actual
Score
Parameter Obtained
4
2
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
0
10
100
27
APPENDIX-D
CREDIT RISK GRADING FORM
28
CREDIT RISK GRADING FORM
Date:
Borrower:
Branch:
Incorporated:
Legal Status:
Client Since:
Business:
CIB date & status:
Risk Grading Existing
Next Grading Review Date:
Grade Score Existing
Credit Risk Grade Score Sheet Ref. No ----------------- & dated ---------------- enclosed.
Facilities
Amount in 000 TK
Limit
Outstandings
Expiry/
Maturity
Days Past
due
New
New
Interest
Suspense
Provision
Held
SLC/PAD
LTR
ULC/Acceptance
Overdraft
Cash Credit
Demand Loan
Term Loan
Guarantee
Total
Key Financials
Period
Sales
Net Profit
Current Ratio (X)
Leverage (X)
Operating Profit/Sales (%)
Interest Coverage (X)
FYE December 2001
FYE December 2002
FYE December 2003
Query:
Are we receiving Financials regularly?
Monthly sales deposit receipt and adjustment by the Bank:
(For last 6 months.)
Is client in business?
What is happening to sister company cash flow?
Do we have corporate guarantee? What is the risk grade of guarantor?
Is loan documentation 100% OK?
Are stock of client verified/When/What is the valuation?
When last client/factory visit was made by RM and comment by RM?
Is Registered Mortgage in place/ What is the value?
Are all the approval conditions/covenants complied by borrower?
Reason for change (if any) in credit risk grading:
General comment by RM or Recommended action steps for upgrade if required:
_________________________
___________________
GRADING APPROVAL
Credit Officer, CRM

Senior Credit Officer, CRM

29
APPENDIX-E
MIS REPORTS ON CREDIT RISK GRADING
30
ABC BANK LIMITED

CREDIT RISK GRADING REPORT (CONSOLIDATED)
AS ON DECEMBER 31, 2004
RISK GRADE
SUPERIOR - 1
GOOD - 2
ACCEPTABLE - 3
MARGINAL/WATCHLIST- 4
SPECIAL MENTION - 5
SUB STANDARD - 6
DOUBTFUL - 7
BAD & LOSS - 8
TOTAL
NUMBER OF
BORROWER
IN %
100%
LIMIT
(TK IN 000)
IN %
100%
OUTSTANDING
(TK IN 000)
IN %
100%
31
ABC BANK LIMITED

XYZ BRANCH
CREDIT RISK GRADING REPORT (BRANCH WISE)
RISK GRADE
SUPERIOR - 1
GOOD - 2
ACCEPTABLE - 3
SPECIAL MENTION - 5
SUB STANDARD - 6
DOUBTFUL - 7
BAD & LOSS - 8
TOTAL
NUMBER OF
BORROWER
IN %
100%
LIMIT
(TK IN 000)
IN %
100%
OUTSTANDING
(TK IN 000)
IN %
100%
32
ABC BANK LIMITED

CREDIT RISK GRADING REPORT (BRANCH & RISK GRADE WISE)
BRANCH
RISK GRADE
SUPERIOR - 1
GOOD - 2
ACCEPTABLE - 3
SPECIAL MENTION - 5
SUB STANDARD - 6
DOUBTFUL - 7
BAD & LOSS - 8
Sub Total (Principal Branch)
AGRABAD
SUPERIOR - 1
GOOD - 2
ACCEPTABLE - 3
SPECIAL MENTION - 5
SUB STANDARD - 6
DOUBTFUL - 7
BAD & LOSS - 8
Sub Total (Agrabad Branch)
GRAND TOTAL
NUMBER OF BORROWER
IN %
LIMIT
(TK IN 000)
IN %
OUTSTANDING
(TK IN 000)
IN %
PRINCIPAL
100%
100%
100%
33
ABC BANK LIMITED

CREDIT RISK GRADING REPORT (GRADE WISE BORROWER LIST)
CREDIT RISK GRADE:
BRANCH
NAME OF BORROWER
LIMIT
(TK IN 000)
SUP- 1
OUTSTANDING
(TK IN 000)
CREDIT
EXPIRY
PRINCIPAL
AGRABAD
TOTAL SUPERIOR GRADE
CREDIT RISK GRADE:

BRANCH
NAME OF BORROWER
LIMIT
(TK IN 000)
GD-2
OUTSTANDING
(TK IN 000)
CREDIT
EXPIRY
PRINCIPAL
AGRABAD
TOTAL GOOD GRADE
CREDIT RISK GRADE:

BRANCH
NAME OF BORROWER
LIMIT
(TK IN 000)
ACCPT-3
OUTSTANDING
(TK IN 000)
CREDIT
EXPIRY
PRINCIPAL
AGRABAD
TOTAL ACCEPTABLE GRADE
CREDIT RISK GRADE:

BRANCH
NAME OF BORROWER
LIMIT
(TK IN 000)
MG/WL-4
OUTSTANDING
(TK IN 000)
CREDIT
EXPIRY
PRINCIPAL
AGRABAD
TOTAL MARGINAL/WATCHLIST GRADE
34
CREDIT RISK GRADE:

BRANCH
NAME OF BORROWER
LIMIT
(TK IN 000)
SM-5
OUTSTANDING
(TK IN 000)
CREDIT
EXPIRY
PRINCIPAL
AGRABAD
TOTAL SPECIAL MENTION GRADE
CREDIT RISK GRADE:

BRANCH
NAME OF BORROWER
LIMIT
(TK IN 000)
SS-6
OUTSTANDING
(TK IN 000)
CREDIT
EXPIRY
PRINCIPAL
AGRABAD
TOTAL SUB STANDARD GRADE
CREDIT RISK GRADE:

BRANCH
NAME OF BORROWER
LIMIT
(TK IN 000)
DF-7
OUTSTANDING
(TK IN 000)
CREDIT
EXPIRY
PRINCIPAL
AGRABAD
TOTAL DOUBTFUL GRADE
CREDIT RISK GRADE:

BRANCH
NAME OF BORROWER
LIMIT
(TK IN 000)
BL-8
OUTSTANDING
(TK IN 000)
CREDIT
EXPIRY
PRINCIPAL
AGRABAD
TOTAL BAD & LOSS GRADE
35
APPENDIX-F
FINANCIAL SPREAD SHEET (FSS)
36
XYZ COMPANY LTD - Gulshan Branch

Auditor
Analyst
FYE
Period
Amount
DETAILED FINANCIALS REPORT
AUDITED
Zahid
Jun 30,2003
12 Mths
in (000) Taka
AUDITED
Zahid
Jun 30,2004
12 Mths
in (000) Taka
CO PREP
Zahid
Dec 31,2004
6 Mths
in (000) Taka
17,200
1,521
0
17,709
3,642
0
0
96,226
7,215
9,169
0
30,744
Goods-in-transit
Inventory
158,928
181,298
0
319,579
8,486
243,758
Due from Affiliates - Current
140,000
140,000
140,000
396
0
356
0
356
0
107,299
10,823
1,670
100,800
8,500
1,273
100,800
12,500
4,573
245,926
259,219
156,027
200
14,643
225
17,186
230
0
1,125
1,125
1,125
374,950
392,621
400,219
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
CURRENT ASSETS
Cash/Bank Balances
L/C margin
Fixed Deposits/Marketable Securities
Acc. Receivables-Trade
Accounts Receivable - Others
FIXED ASSETS
Gross Fixed Assets
Less: Depreciation
NON-CURRENT ASSETS
Due from Principal, Emp & Affiliate
Advance Income Tax
Deferred Charges,Pre-pymts & Adv.
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Short Term Bank Borrowings
Current Funded Portion of Term Debt (CMLTD)
Account Payable - Trade
Accrued Items
Provision for Income Tax/Def. I/T Liabilities
Advance Payment
Dividends Payable
LONG TERM LIABILITIES

Term Loan
NET WORTH
Paid up Capital
Directors Loan(subordinated)
Retained Earnings
Reserves
BALANCE
Difference (if any)
37

Auditor
Analyst
FYE
Period
Amount
AUDITED
Zahid
Jun 30,2003
12 Mths
in (000) Taka
AUDITED
Zahid
Jun 30,2004
12 Mths
in (000) Taka
CO PREP
Zahid
Dec 31,2004
6 Mths
in (000) Taka
942,725
0
804,072
0
410,676
0
825,827
735,726
367,062
Less: Selling. Gen. & Admin. Expenses
9,793
7,745
3,745
Less: Depreciation
Less: Interest Expense
0
24,014
0
25,744
0
12,271
Income Taxes
14,643
17,186
Cash Withdrawals/Dividend
31,000
20,000
TRUE
TRUE
INCOME STATEMENT
Gross Sales
Less:VAT
Add: Other Operating Income
Less :Cost of Goods Sold
Add: Other Income
BALANCE
Difference (if any)
38

Auditor
Analyst
FYE
Period
Amount
DETAILED FINANCIALS REPORT
AUDITED
Zahid
Jun 30,2003
12 Mths
in (000) Taka
%
TBS
AUDITED
Zahid
Jun 30,2004
12 Mths
in (000) Taka
%
TBS
CO PREP
Zahid
Dec 31,2004
6 Mths
in (000) Taka
%
TBS
CURRENT ASSETS
Cash/Bank Balances
L/C margin
Fixed Deposits/Marketable Securities
Acc. Receivables-Trade
Accounts Receivable - Others
0
0
Goods-in-transit
Inventory
17,200
1,521
0
17,709
0
0
0
158,928
181,298
3
0
0
3
0
0
0
25
28
3,642
0
0
96,226
0
0
0
0
319,579
340,226
0
140,000
516,656
53
0
22
81
319,579
0
140,000
559,447
396
0
396
0
0
0
0
356
0
356
NON-CURRENT ASSETS
Due from Principal, Emp & Affiliate
Advance Income Tax
Deferred Charges,Pre-pymts & Adv.
0
TOTAL NON-CURRENT ASSETS
107,299
10,823
1,670
0
120,188
0
17
2
0
0
19
TOTAL ASSETS
636,844
100
Short Term Bank Borrowings

Current Funded Portion of Term Debt (CMLTD)
Account Payable - Trade
Accrued Items
Provision for Income Tax/Def. I/T Liabilities
Advance Payment
Dividends Payable
TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES
245,926
0
0
200
14,643
0
0
260,769
LONG TERM LIABILITIES

Term Loan
0
TOTAL LIABILITIES
Total Inventory
0
Due from Affiliates - Current
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS
FIXED ASSETS
Gross Fixed Assets
Less: Depreciation
NET FIXED ASSETS
1
0
0
14
0
0
0
0
48
0
48
0
21
83
0
0
0
0
7,215
9,169
0
30,744
0
0
0
8,486
243,758
252,244
0
140,000
439,372
1
2
0
6
0
0
0
2
44
0
45
0
25
79
356
0
356
0
0
0
0
0
15
1
0
0
17
0
670,376 100
557,601
0
18
2
1
0
21
0
100
39
0
0
0
2
0
0
41
259,219
0
0
225
17,186
0
0
276,630
39
0
0
0
3
0
0
41
156,027
0
0
230
0
0
0
156,257
28
0
0
0
0
0
0
28
0
0
260,769
0
0
0
41
0
0
276,630
0
0
0
41
0
0
156,257
0
0
0
28
NET WORTH
Paid up Capital
Directors Loan(subordinated)
Retained Earnings
Reserves
0
0
NET WORTH
1,125
0
374,950
0
0
0
376,075
0
0
0
59
0
0
0
59
1,125
0
392,621
0
0
0
393,746
0
0
0
59
0
0
0
59
1,125
0
400,219
0
0
0
401,344
0
0
0
72
0
0
0
72
TOTAL LIABILITIES & NET WORTH
636,844
100
557,601
100
100,800
8,500
1,273
0
110,929
670,376 100
100,800
12,500
4,573
0
118,229
39

Auditor
Analyst
FYE
Period
Amount
AUDITED
Zahid
Jun 30,2003
12 Mths
in (000) Taka
%
Sales
AUDITED
Zahid
Jun 30,2004
12 Mths
in (000) Taka
%
Sales
CO PREP
Zahid
Dec 31,2004
6 Mths
in (000) Taka
%
Sales
942,725
0
942,725
0
942,725
825,827
116,898
0
9,793
0
107,105
0
0
24,014
100
0
100
0
100
88
12
0
1
0
11
0
0
3
0
0
9
0
0
2
0
7
0
3
0
4
804,072
0
804,072
0
804,072
735,726
68,346
0
7,745
0
60,601
0
0
25,744
100
0
100
0
100
92
8
0
1
0
8
0
0
3
0
0
4
0
0
2
0
2
0
0
0
2
410,676
0
410,676
0
410,676
367,062
43,614
0
3,745
0
39,869
0
0
12,271
100
0
100
0
100
89
11
0
1
0
10
0
0
3
0
0
7
0
0
0
0
7
0
5
0
2
INCOME STATEMENT
Gross Sales
Less:VAT
Net Sales
Add: Other Operating Income
Total Sales Revenue
Less :Cost of Goods Sold
GROSS PROFIT/REVENUE
0
Less: Selling. Gen. & Admin. Expenses
0
TOTAL OPERATING PROFIT (EBITDA)
0
Less: Depreciation
0
0
PROFIT BEFORE TAXES & EXTR ITEM
Add: Other Income
0
Income Taxes
0
NET PROFIT
0
Cash Withdrawals/Dividend
0
TOTAL CHANGES IN RETAINED EARNINGS
83,091
0
0
14,643
0
68,448
0
31,000
37,448
34,857
0
0
17,186
0
17,671
0
0
17,671
27,598
0
0
0
0
27,598
0
20,000
7,598
40

FINANCIAL RATIOS
Jun 30,2003
%
Jun 30,2004
%
Dec 31,2004
%
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
-14.71
-14.71
-74.18
5.27
6.08
4.70
2.15
2.15
212.35
-16.82
-43.51
1.93
12.40
1.04
11.36
0.00
11.36
2.55
8.81
7.26
10.75
18.20
45.29
8.50
0.96
7.54
0.00
7.54
3.20
4.34
2.20
2.64
4.49
0.00
10.62
0.96
9.71
0.00
9.71
2.99
6.72
6.72
9.90
13.75
72.47
4.46
4.46
2.35
2.35
3.25
3.25
7
0
150
1.5
44
0
159
1.2
14
0
125
1.5
255,887
0.14
1.98
3.68
282,817
0.36
2.02
2.84
283,115
0.30
2.81
2.90
0.69
65.8
2.02
0.70
61.2
1.81
0.39
60.0
0.97
GROWTH RATIOS:
Sales Growth, Sales%
Net Sales Growth, Composite %
Net Income Growth, %
Total Assets Growth, %
Total Liabilities Growth, %
Net Worth Growth, %
PROFITABILITY RATIOS:
Gross Margin, Composite %
SG & A, %
Cushion (Gross Margin - SG&A), %
Depreciation, Amortization, %
Operating Profit Margin, %
Interest Expense, %
Operating Margin, %
Net Margin, %
Return on Assets, %
Return on Equity, %
Cash Withdrawal/Dividend Payout Rate, %
COVERAGE RATIOS:
Interest Coverage (EBIT/Total Interest)
Debt Ser.Coverage(EBITDA/Total Interest+CMLTD)
ACTIVITY RATIOS:
Receivables in Days
Payables in Days
Inventory in Days
Sales/Total Assets (X)
LIQUIDITY RATIOS:
Working Capital
Quick Ratio (X)
Current Ratio (X)
Sales/ Net Working Capital (X)
LEVERAGE RATIOS:
Total Liabilities/ Net Worth (X)
Affiliate Exposure/Net Worth (%)
Total Liabilities/(Net Worth-Affiliates) (X)
41
Auditor
Analyst
FYE
Period
Amount
AUDITED
Zahid
Jun 30,2004
12 Mths
in (000) Taka
CO PREP
Zahid
Dec 31,2004
6 Mths
in (000) Taka
Profit Before Tax After Extra Items

Add: Interest Expense
Add: Depreciation
Add/Minus: Change in Deferred Taxes
34,857
25,744
0
2,543
27,598
12,271
0
-17,186
EBITDA Cash Flow
63,144
22,683

Less: Taxes
Less: Dividends
-25,744
-17,186
0
-12,271
0
-20,000
CF Before Investing Activities
20,214
-9,588
40
CF Before Working Capital Changes
20,254
-9,588
Plus/Minus: Change in Accts Receivable

Plus/Minus: Change in Inventory
Plus/Minus:Change in Prepaid Expense
Plus/Minus: Change in Accounts Payable
Plus/Minus: Change in Accued Expenses
Plus/Minus: Change in Dividends Payable
-78,517
20,647
2,720
0
25
0
65,482
67,335
-7,300
0
-5
0
Total Working Capital Changes
-55,125
125,512
CF Before Intercompany Transaction
-34,871
115,924
Plus/Minus: Inter Trade Rec from/to Affil.
6,499
-28,372
115,924
-28,372
115,924
13,293
-103,192
CASH FLOW STATEMENT
Less: Capital Expenditures
CF Before Other B/S Movements

Plus/Minus: Other B/S Movements
Financing Needs/Surplus
Plus/Minus: ST Bank Debt
Plus/Minus: LT Bank Debt
Total Financing
13,293
-103,192
CF after Financing
Plus/Minus: Change In Cash
-15,079
-15,079
12,732
12,732
42

Reference No.:
Borrower
Group Name (if any)
Branch:
Industry/Sector
Date of Financials
Completed by
Approved by
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Criteria
Date:
12-Mar-04
Aggregate Score:
31-Dec-03
Weight
A. Financial Risk
50%
1. Leverage: (15%)
Debt Equity Ratio () - Times
Total Liabilities to Tangible Net worth
All calculations should be based on
annula financial statements of the
borrower (audited preferred)
2. Liquidity: (15%)
Current Ratio () -Times
Current Assets to Current Liabilities
3. Profitability: (15%)
Operating Profit Margin (%)
(Operating Profit/Sales) X 100
87
Risk
Grading:
Good
NIAZ HABIB
Grading
Superior
Good
Acceptable
Marginal/Watchlist
Special Mention
Substandard
Doubtful
Bad/Loss
Short
SUP
GD
ACCPT
MG/WL
SM
SS
DF
BL
Parameter
Score
Actual Parameter
Score
Obtained
Less than 0.25

0.26 to 0.35 x
0.36 to 0.50 x
0.51 to 0.75 x
0.76 to 1.25 x
1.26 to 2.00 x
2.01 to 2.50 x
2.51 to 2.75 x
More than 2.75
Greater than 2.74
2.50 to 2.74 x
2.00 to 2.49 x
1.50 to 1.99 x
1.10 to 1.49 x
0.90 to 1.09 x
0.80 to 0.89 x
0.70 to 0.79 x
Less than 0.70
Greater than 25%
20% to 24%
15% to 19%
10% to 14%
7% to 9%
4% to 6%
1% to 3%
Less than 1%
15
14
13
12
11
10
8
7
0
15
14
13
12
11
10
8
7
0
15
14
13
12
10
9
7
0
0.53
12
54.00
15
78.00%
15
More than 2.00

Less than 1.00
5
4
3
2
0
50
10.00
Score
Fully cash secured, secured by government
85+
75-84
65-74
55-64
45-54
35-44
<35
4. Coverage: (5%)
Interest Coverage Ratio () - Times
Earning before interest & tax (EBIT)
Interest on debt
Total Score- Financial Risk

Page 1 of 3
47

Reference No.:
Borrower
Date:
B. Business/ Industry Risk 18%

1. Size of Business (in BDT crore)
> 60.00
30.00 59.99
The size of the borrower's business
10.00 29.99
measured by the most recent year's
5.00 - 9.99
total sales. Preferably audited numbers. 2.50 - 4.99
< 2.50
2. Age of Business
> 10 Years
> 5 - 10 Years
The number of years the borrower
2 - 5 Years
engaged in the primary line of business < 2 Years
3. Business Outlook
Favorable
Critical assesment of medium term
Stable
prospects of industry, market share
Slightly Uncertain
and economic factors.
Cause for Concern
4. Industry Growth
Strong (10%+)
Good (>5% - 10%)
Moderate (1%-5%)
No Growth (<1%)
5. Market Competition
Dominant Player
Moderately Competitive
Highly Competitive
6. Entry/Exit Barriers
Difficult
Average
Easy
Total Score- Business/Industry
C. Management Risk
12%
1. Experience
Quality of management based on total
# of years of experience of the senior
management in the Industry.
2. Second Line/ Succession
3. Team Work
More than 10 years in the related

No experience
Ready Succession
Succession in question
Very Good
Moderate
Poor
Regular Conflict
Total Score- Management Risk
Page 2 of 3
5
4
3
2
1
0
3
2
1
0
3
2
1
0
3
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
18
5
3
2
0
4
3
2
0
3
2
1
0
12
12-Mar-04
75.00
10
Favorable
No Growth (<1%)
Dominant Player
Difficult
12
More than 10 years in the
Very Good
10

Reference No.:
Borrower
Date:
D. Security Risk
10%
1. Security Coverage (Primary)
2. Collateral Coverage (Property

Location)
3. Support (Guarantee)
Total Score- Security Risk

E. Relationship Risk
1. Account Conduct
Fully Pledged facilities/substantially

cash covered / Reg. Mortg. for HBL
Registered Hypothecation (1st

Charge/1st Pari passu Charge)
2nd charge/Inferior charge
Simple hypothecation/Negative lien
on assets
No security
Registered Mortgage on Municipal
corporation/Prime Area property
12-Mar-04
Registered Hypothecation (1st

Charge/1st Pari passu Charge)
Registered Mortgage on
Pourashava/Semi-Urban area
property
Personal Guarantee with high

net worth or Strong Corporate
Guarantee
2
1
0
4
Registered Mortgage on
Pourashava/Semi-Urban area
property
Equitable Mortgage or No property
but Plant and Machinery as collateral
Negative lien on collateral

No collateral
Personal Guarantee with high net
worth or Strong Corporate
Guarantee
Personal Guarantees or Corporate
Guarantee with average financial
strength
No support/guarantee
1
0
2
0
10
10%
2. Utilization of Limit
(actual/projection)
3. Compliance of Covenants /
Conditions
4. Personal Deposits
More than 3 years Accounts with

faultless record
Less than 3 years Accounts with
faultless record
Accounts having satisfactory
dealings with some late payments.
Frequent Past dues & Irregular
dealings in account
More than 60%
40% - 60%
Less than 40%
Full Compliance
Some Non-Compliance
No Compliance
business Sponsors/ Principals are
maintained in the bank, with
No depository relationship
Total Score- Relationship Risk

Grand Total - All Risk
Page 3 of 3
More than 3 years Accounts

65.00%
Full Compliance

business Sponsors/ Principals
are maintained in the bank, with
4
2
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
1
0
10
10
100
87

CRG Manual BB

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

CRG Manual BB

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CREDIT RISK

Credit Risk Grading Manual

CREDIT RISK GRADING MANUAL

MUHAMMAD A. (RUMEE) ALI

Credit Risk Grading Manual

Credit Risk Grading Manual

Focus Group Members

Credit Risk Grading Manual

Credit Risk Grading Manual

Review Committee Members

Mr. Mir Abdur Rahim, General Manager, DBI-1, Co-ordinator

Credit Risk Grading Manual

Regulatory Definition on Grading of Classified Accounts 10

Credit Risk Grading Process.. 16

Data Collection Check List. 20-21

Enclosed: MS Excel file named, CRG_Score_Sheet in CD ROM for use.

Credit Risk Grading Manual

Credit Risk Grading Manual

DEFINITION OF CREDIT RISK GRADING (CRG)

FUNCTIONS OF CREDIT RISK GRADING

NUMBER AND SHORT NAME OF GRADES USED IN THE CRG

Credit Risk Grading Manual

CREDIT RISK GRADING DEFINITIONS

Strong repayment capacity of the borrower

Special Mention - (SM) - 5

Credit Risk Grading Manual

REGULATORY DEFINITION ON GRADING OF CLASSIFIED ACCOUNTS

HOW TO COMPUTE CREDIT RISK GRADING

: Identify all the Principal Risk Components

Credit risk for counterparty arises from an aggregation of the following:

Evaluation of Financial Risk:

Evaluation of Business/Industry Risk:

Evaluation of Management Risk:

Evaluation of Security Risk:

Evaluation of Relationship Risk:

Credit Risk Grading Manual

Credit Risk Grading Manual

Allocate weightages to Principal Risk Components

Establish the Key Parameters

Principal Risk Components:

Assign weightages to each of the key parameters.

Principal Risk Components:

Credit Risk Grading Manual

Input data to arrive at the score on the key parameters.

Arrive at the Credit Risk Grading based on total score obtained.

Bad & Loss

Credit Risk Grading Manual

100% cash covered

CREDIT RISK GRADING PROCESS

Credit Risk Grading Manual

EARLY WARNING SIGNALS (EWS)

Credit Risk Grading Manual

EXCEPTIONS TO CREDIT RISK GRADING

Review frequency (at least)

Credit Risk Grading Manual

MIS ON CREDIT RISK GRADING

FINANCIAL SPREAD SHEET (FSS)

Credit Risk Grading Manual

DATA COLLECTION CHECK LIST

Credit Risk Grading Manual

ABC BANK LIMITED- Dhanmondi Branch

Company accounts for at least 3 years

Pending Item Checklist