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Sikorsky S-92

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Sikorsky S-92 is a four-bladed twin-engine medium-lift


helicopter built by Sikorsky Aircraft for the civil and
military helicopter market. The S-92 was developed from
the Sikorsky S-70 helicopter and has similar parts such as
flight control and rotor systems.

S-92 / H-92 Superhawk

The H-92 Superhawk is a military version of the S-92 in


the utility transport role, capable of carrying 22 troops. The
H-92 can also be configured for specific missions, including
search and rescue and executive transportation. The CH-148
Cyclone is a shipboard maritime helicopter variant currently
under development for the Canadian Forces.
The VH-92 is a variant currently under development to
replace the United States Marine Corps' Marine One U.S.
Presidential transport fleet.

A S-92 of CHC Helikopter Service


Role

Medium-lift transport/utility
helicopter

National origin United States


Manufacturer

Sikorsky Aircraft

First flight

December 23, 1998

Introduction

2004

Status

In service

Primary users

CHC Helicopter
Bristow Helicopters
Cougar Helicopters
Irish Coast Guard

3.1 Competitions
4 Variants

Produced

1998present

Number built

200+[1]

4.1 S-92A

Unit cost

VH-92A: $90m ex R&D[2] (FY15)

4.2 H-92 Superhawk

Developed from Sikorsky S-70

Contents
1 Development
2 Design
3 Operational history

4.3 VH-92
5 Operators
5.1 Civil operators
5.2 Government operators
5.3 Military operators
6 Accidents and notable incidents
7 Specifications (S-92)

Variants

Sikorsky CH-148 Cyclone

8 See also
9 References
10 External links

Development
After the 1973 oil crisis, major oil and gas companies began exploration further offshore, thus creating a need
for aircraft such as the S-92 with sufficient capability.[3]
Sikorsky Aircraft first displayed a S-92 mockup of the planned helicopter in 1992. The S-92 was to be offered
for sale beginning in 1993, but due to a decline in the international market for helicopters, this was delayed. In
1995 Sikorsky formed Team S-92 with international partners and launched the helicopter program at the Paris
Airshow that year.[4] Sikorsky developed the S-92 to compete with civil aircraft such as the
Aerospatiale/Eurocopter Super Puma.[5] The helicopter uses a new airframe with dynamic components based on
the S-70/H-60 components. The S-92 took its maiden flight on December 23, 1998 at the Sikorsky Development
Flight Center, West Palm Beach, Florida.[5][6]
In July 2000, Sikorsky announced design changes to the S-92. The fuselage of prototype #3 was lengthened by
16 in (40 cm) aft of the cockpit, the tail pylon was shortened by 41 in (1.04 m), and the horizontal stabilizer was
repositioned from the left side opposite the tail rotor to the right side at the base of the tail pylon. The
modifications to the tail solved a pitch stability issue discovered during flight testing, and were reported to allow
the aircraft to meet a key requirement of the Nordic Standard Helicopter Program (NSHP) for shipboard
stowage. The lengthening of the fuselage and shortening of the tail pylon shifted the aircraft center of gravity
(CG) forward, permitting a more level attitude in flight. The longer fuselage allowed for an additional row of
three seats, as well as a larger passenger door option for Search and Rescue (SAR) customers. Sikorsky
incorporated the changes into the following two prototypes as the production standard configuration.[7] Some
reports suggested that the modifications were actually to resolve damage from structural design flaws.[8]
The S-92 is built and customized in Sikorsky's Coatesville, Pennsylvania facility. The S-92 received Federal
Aviation Administration (FAA) part 29 type certification on December 19, 2002,[9] and received International
European Aviation Safety Agency/Joint Aviation Authorities (EASA/JAA) certification on June 8, 2004.[10] In
June 2009, Sikorsky Aircraft entered into a joint-venture with Tata Advanced Systems Limited (TASL) for S-92
manufacturing in India for export and domestic markets. A US$200 million manufacturing plant will be
operational in Hyderabad by 2010. Initially, TASL will supply the complete cabins for the S-92 to
Sikorsky.[11][12] The first cabin was delivered in November 2010.[13]

Design

The S-92 is multi-purpose helicopter powered by twin GE CT7-8A turboshaft engines and has an aluminum
airframe and some composite components. The four-bladed fully articulated composite main rotor blade is
wider and has a longer radius than the Sikorsky S-70. The tapered blade
tip sweeps back and angles downward to reduce noise and increase lift.
Most of the rotor system components aside from the blades are titanium.
The S-92 features an active vibration control system, using vibration
sensors and structurally mounted force generators to increase flight
comfort and lower acoustic levels to below certification
requirements.[14] A 2008 study by Norway's Flymedisinsk Institute
found that the S-92's vibration levels were 42 percent above that of the
Eurocopter EC225 Super Puma; Sikorsky disputed this finding, saying
that the study hadn't used their latest anti-vibration technology.[15] In
February 2011, the noise and vibration levels were reportedly subject to

An S-92 at Sola Airport, Norway in


July 2003

health concerns, allegedly causing tinnitus and heart problems.[16][17]


A number of safety features such as flaw tolerance, bird strike capability, and engine burst containment have
been incorporated into the design. Adherence to FAA FAR part 29 has led the FAA certification board to call the
S-92 the "safest helicopter in the world".[18] The S-92 reportedly met the FAR part 29 "run dry" requirement by
asserting the loss of oil pressure in the main gear box is "extremely remote".[19]

Operational history
The S-92 received FAA certification in 2002,[9] and International certification in June 2004.[10] The first S-92
was delivered in late 2004 to launch customer PHI, Inc.[20][21]

Competitions
Sikorsky entered the VH-92 variant of the S-92 into the VXX competition for U.S. Presidential helicopter
Marine One, but lost to the Lockheed Martin VH-71 Kestrel. However, the competition was restarted in 2010
due to ballooning VH-71 development costs, allowing Sikorsky to resubmit the VH-92 in April 2010.[22] By
mid-2013, all other aircraft makers are understood to have dropped out of the contest, leaving only Sikorsky.[23]
On 7 May 2014, it was announced that the S-92 had won the VXX competition to replace the aging Sikorsky
SH-3 Sea King helicopters that transport the President of the United States.[24]
Sikorsky entered a Search and rescue variant of the H-92 in U.S. Air Force's CSAR-X combat search and rescue
competition beginning in 2006. Its competitors were the AgustaWestland EH101 and HH-47, but by December
2012 all other manufacturers had withdrawn. Richard Aboulafia of the Teal Group expected the company to
offer an S-92 version.[25] Flight International magazine expects Sikorsky to bid a version of its MH-60 special
operations helicopter.[26]
After Sikorsky successfully challenged in court the preferred supplier status of NHIndustries NH90 for the
Nordic Standard Helicopter Programme an open competition was held.[27] Sikorsky entered the S-92 as a
candidate for the Norwegian All Weather Search and Rescue Helicopter (NAWSARH) that is planned to replace

the Royal Norwegian Air Force Westland Sea King Mk.43B in 2015.[28] The other candidates for the
NAWSARH contract of 10 to 12 helicopters were AgustaWestland AW101, Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey,
Eurocopter EC225, and NHIndustries NH90.[29] The V-22 was eliminated from the competition in 2012.[30]
The S-92 was removed from the competition in July 2013 and was subsequently won by AgustaWestland with
an order for 16 AW101s.[27]
The S-92 competed with the Eurocopter EC225 for the UK Search and Rescue Helicopter (SAR-H)
program.[31] In February 2010, the S-92 was selected by the UK in a 6bn deal to replace 40 Sea King search
and rescue helicopters with 25 to 30 S-92s;[32] it subsequently announced that Soteria, the preferred supplier,
will not be used due to irregularities with its bid.[33] The UK government subsequently opted for a smaller
2.5bn contract with the Bristow Group to operate 11 S-92s (and 11 AW189s) from 10 bases.[34]
The Irish Coast Guard is replacing its Sikorsky S-61N fleet with the S-92. First aircraft was delivered on 29
January 2012. The aircraft are operated by CHC Helicopter.[35][36]

Variants
S-92A
The S-92A is the civilian variant and is available in a number of
versions. The civil transport version has an airliner-type interior which
seats 19 passengers. The utility transport version has 22 side-facing
seats with a full cabin width rear ramp. The 733 sq ft (68.1 m2) interior
cabin area can also be configured to accommodate up to three airlinestyle LD3 cargo containers. Additional stowage space is available in the
140 sq ft (13 m2) area located in the aft ramp compartment. During
development it was referred to as the S-92C Helibus.

H-92 Superhawk

S-92A at Wagga Wagga Airport in


2015

The H-92 Superhawk is the military variant of the S-92. It has been demonstrated to the U.S. Air Force, Marine
Corps and Coast Guard. The H-92 has more powerful GE CT7-8C engines, rated at 3,070shp (2,300 kW) and,
unlike the S-92, has fly-by-wire flight controls. The search and rescue variant provides space for seats, litters,
auxiliary fuel cell and SAR emergency equipment.
In July 2004, the H-92 Superhawk was selected by Canada for its Maritime Helicopter Programme (MHP) as
the CH-148 Cyclone. Canada ordered 28 helicopters in November 2004.[37] The program has been delayed
multiple times.[38]

VH-92

In May 2014, Sikorsky was awarded a US$1.24 billion contract to build a variant of the S-92 for transport of the
U.S. President. Sikorsky will outfit this variant with an executive interior and military mission support systems,
including triple electrical power and redundant flight controls. Six of the variant, designated VH-92A,[39] have
been ordered by the U.S. Navy for delivery in 2017.[40] Production of a further 17 aircraft is planned to begin in
2020.[41][42] The total FY2015 program cost is $4.718 billion for 23 helicopters, at an average cost of $205M
per aircraft.[2] In July 2016, the design passed its Critical Design Review, which clears it for production.[43]

Operators
Civil operators
Brazil
Lder Aviao[45]
Brunei
Brunei Shell Petroleum[46]

A Sikorsky S-92 at the 2007 Paris Air


Show

Canada
CHC Helicopter[47]
Cougar Helicopters[48]
People's Republic of China
Eastern General Aviation[49]
China Southern Airlines[50][51]
Norway

A S-92 of CHC Helicopter (Ireland)


operated in the SAR role on behalf of
the Irish Coast Guard[44]

Bristow Norway[52][53]
CHC Helikopter Service[54]
Qatar
Gulf Helicopters[55]
United Kingdom
Babcock Mission Critical Services Offshore Ltd.[56]
Bristow Helicopters[57]
United States
Bristow Helicopters[58]

A S-92 from China Southern Airlines

Petroleum Helicopters International[59]


CHI Aviation[60]
Chevron[61]

Government operators
Japan
Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department[62]
Azerbaijan
Government of Azerbaijan[63][64]

Gulf Helicopters S-92

Bahrain
Royal Air Wing[65]
Ireland
Irish Coast Guard (operated by CHC Helicopter)[66]
Saudi Arabia
Ministry of Interior[67]
South Korea
Republic of Korea Coast Guard (on order)[68]
Thailand
Government of Thailand - 3[69]
Turkey
Government of Turkey[70]
Turkmenistan
Government of Turkmenistan - 2[71][72]
United Kingdom
Her Majesty's Coastguard - 4[73][74] (via contract with Bristow Helicopters)[75]
United States
North Slope Borough, Alaska[76]

Military operators
Canada
See Sikorsky CH-148 Cyclone
Kuwait
Kuwait Air Force[77]
South Korea
Republic of Korea Air Force[78][79]
United States
United States Marine Corps (6 on order)[39]

Accidents and notable incidents


On July 2, 2008, a S-92A (registration VH-LOH, serial number 920036) operated by CHC Helicopters
(Australia) was returning from an offshore oil facility en route to Broome, Australia with 2 pilots and 14
passengers on board when it suffered a "massive loss of main gearbox oil". The crew made a skillful emergency
descent and landing on a Broome beach following the activation of onboard warning systems.[80]
On July 19, 2008, an S-92 carrying Rev. Sun Myung Moon crashed in South Korea.[81] The helicopter was
flying in inclement weather which forced it down on a hillside. The 16 people aboard were slightly injured in
the crash.[82][83]
On March 12, 2009, Cougar Helicopters Flight 91, an S-92A operated by Cougar Helicopters carrying 18
passengers and crew en route to oil platforms off the coast of Newfoundland, crashed and sank in 170 meters
(560 ft) of water[84] during an attempted ditching. One person was rescued from the North Atlantic with serious
injuries[85] and the others did not survive.[86] The crash was determined[87] to be caused by 16 separate factors
that lead to the fatal crash but no single one was to blame.[88]

Specifications (S-92)
Data from Sikorsky S-92 specifications,[89] International Directory of Civil Aircraft[4]

General characteristics
Crew: 2 (pilot, co-pilot)
Capacity: 19 passengers
Length: 56 ft 2 in (17.10 m)
Rotor diameter: 56 ft 4 in (17.17 m)
Height: 15 ft 5 in (4.71 m)

Disc area: 2,492.3 ft (231.54 m)


Empty weight: 15,500 lb (7,030 kg)
Loaded weight: 26,500 lb (12,020 kg)
Max. takeoff weight: 26,500 lb (12,020 kg)
Powerplant: 2 General Electric CT7-8A
turboshaft, 2,520 shp (1,879 kW) each
Fuselage length: 56 ft 2 in (17.1 m)
Fuselage width: 17 ft 3 in (5.26 m)
Rotor systems: Main rotor has 4 blades. From
the main gearbox a set of driveshafts connect to
the tail gearbox to turn the 4-blade tail rotor.
Cabin dimensions: 20 ft long by 6.6 ft tall[90]

Performance
Maximum speed: 165 knots (190 mph, 306
km/h)
Cruise speed: 151 kn, 174 mph (280 km/h)
Range: 539 nmi (999 km)
Service ceiling: 14,000 ft (4,270 m)
Disc loading: 9.8 lb/ft (48 kg/m)
Power/mass: 0.23 hp/lb (0.38 kW/kg)

See also
Related development
Sikorsky CH-148 Cyclone
Sikorsky S-70
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era
AgustaWestland AW101
AgustaWestland CH-149 Cormorant
Eurocopter EC225 Super Puma
Eurocopter EC725
Lockheed Martin VH-71 Kestrel
Mil Mi-17
Mil Mi-38
NHIndustries NH90
Sikorsky S-61L/N
Related lists
List of rotorcraft

References
Notes

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Cougar Helicopters Inc. Sikorsky S-92A, C-GZCH St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, 35 nm E 12 March 2009" (ht
tp://www.tsb.gc.ca/eng/rapports-reports/aviation/2009/A09A0016/A09A0016.asp). Transportation Safety Board of
Canada, 2010. Accessed: 26/11/2011.
Croft, John. "TSB: Cougar S-92 experienced tail rotor drive failure" (http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2009/06/22/32
8664/tsb-cougar-s-92-experienced-tail-rotor-drive-failure.html). Flightglobal.com, 22 June 2009.
TSB Accident Investigation Report A09A0016 (http://www.tsb.gc.ca/eng/rapports-reports/aviation/2009/a09a0016/a09a
0016.pdf)
"Investigator wants tighter helicopter standards" (http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/atlantic/investigator-w
ants-tighter-helicopter-standards-after-deadly-nl-crash/article1900487/).The Globe and Mail, 9 February 2011. Access
date: 9 February 2011.
Sikorsky S-92 Helicopter (Attributes tab) (http://www.sikorsky.com/vgn-ext-templating-SIK/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=709
f45d57ef68110VgnVCM1000001382000aRCRD&provcmid=ba5955f4a9d98110VgnVCM1000001382000aRCRD&mo
fvcmid=69db55f4a9d98110VgnVCM1000001382000aRCRD&mofid=59db55f4a9d98110VgnVCM1000001382000a__
__&movcmid=699569a3a73a8110VgnVCM1000001382000aRCRD&moid=599569a3a73a8110VgnVCM10000013820
00a____). Sikorsky
[1] (http://www.sikorsky.com/StaticFiles/Sikorsky/Assets/Attachments/Mission%20Downloads/S-92_Multimission_Bro
chure.pdf), Sikorsky S-92 Multimission Brochure, p.20, Retrieved March 15, 2011.

Bibliography
Leoni, Ray D. Black Hawk, The Story of a World Class Helicopter, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics,
2007. ISBN 978-1-56347-918-2.

External links
S-92 page on Sikorsky.com (http://www.sikorsky.com/Pages/Prod
Wikimedia Commons has
ucts/Commercial/S92/S92.aspx)
media related to Sikorsky SH-92 page on Sikorsky.com (http://www.sikorsky.com/Pages/Prod
92.
ucts/Military/H92.aspx)
HELIS.com Sikorsky S-92/H-92/CH-148 Helibus/Super Hawk/Cyclone Database (http://www.helis.com/
database/model/568/)

"Bigger Brother" by Peter Grey in Flight 04/02/03 (http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2003/02/04/1612


80/bigger-brother.html)
"Sikorsky sets August date for flight tests of redesigned S-92 Helibus" Flight 02/05/00 (http://www.flight
global.com/articles/2000/05/02/65103/sikorsky-sets-august-date-for-flight-tests-of-redesigned-s-92.html)
S-92 article on ROTORHUB (http://www.webmags.co.uk/mag.aspx?magcode=DIGITAL_003)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sikorsky_S-92&oldid=746181323"
Categories: United States helicopters 19901999 Sikorsky aircraft United States civil aircraft 19901999
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