/ ARTICLES AND TREATISES

UDC 94(100)"1914/1918"
UDC 343.819.5(=163.41)(493.5)"1914/1918"
DOI: 10.2298/ZMSDN1447201V

19141918.

,
9, 11000 ,
-: m.vemic@gi.sanu.ac.rs

: 1914
1918, .
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202

19141918,
1, .
(1916)
1916.
[ 2002]. 300 64.942 , 10 ,
50 39.245 .
,
2.
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,
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[ 2013].
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1916. ,
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(18611865), (1895), -
(18991902)
(1904).
2
(19671976) (),
() , ., .

203
, , 20. ,
. ,
- 1915.
, , 19141915.
(/)
19161918. ,
.
, ,
Kriegsgefangenlager, 1915.
-, ,
. , res nullius,
[ 1989].
, ,
. ,
. , . ,
,
,
,
.
, 150.000 ( 147.677),
50.000 , ,
182.000 .
50.000 , 20.000.
1919. ,
, , [
. 1994], , . , , ,
. , ,

. ,

204
, ,
.
, ,
,
,
.
()
.
, 49
10.027 .
, , 145 21.856 ,
(19351941), 29.414
[ 2002].
[1932], 409 17.378 .
- (),
[1932] :
( ), (),
() ().

. 1. - (), (),
() ().

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.

205
(1914. 1915)
. .
.
, ,
, , , , , ,
, , .
, ,
,
, .
.
, , ,
, , , ,
, ,
.

(K. u. K. Interienirungslager in Arad)
11.00015.000 , 4.317

, :
(Kaiserliches und Knigliches Interienirungslager
in Arad), ,
. ,
10. ,
.
[1920, 1996]
.
17. , .
5.500,
, .
, ,
[ 1920,
1996].
1914. , .
1915.
11.000 15.000 [ . 1994].
, .
. [1920, 1996],
, , , ,
, ,

206
, , 50 1914. , ,
,
,

, ,
, tuimelitis ternbilis, . -, ,
48! , ,
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, , , , .
[ 1920, 1996].
.
[1994], ,
: ,
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, .
,
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, : , !
1915.
15.000 - , ,
,
[ . 1994].

. 2. 1914/15.
.

207
. ,
,
, ,
, , 16 .

, ,
, ,
1921. , 469 [ 1921].

, ,
.
. [1994]
. 23. 1914.
3. 1915. 1.034 ,
23. 1914. 25. 1915. . [1920, 1996]
1.772 .
1914. 1918.
, .
3
:
1925. 4.317
. 19141918.

,
,
[ . 1994].
1915. (1.772) (4.317) 1918.
, ,
.

, .
(),
101 , (), .

208

(K. u. K. Kriegsgefangenenlager Doboj)
45.791 , 8.000 (10.00012.000)

, [1990],
, ,
, .
, ,
.
. 27.
1915, 5. 1917. .

. .
,
.
, 600800 ,
5.000
.
,
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, (, ,
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,
, .
[1920, 1996], ,
, 1015 , . .
, ,
,
[ 1990]. ,
, ,
.

,
! [ 1920, 1996].
, ,
10, 15, 20 , , 5. 1916. , 92
[ 1920, 1996]. 1916.
643 .
.

, ,

209
,
. ,
, , .
(1990)
1916. , . 2.500 .
, ,
,
, . 4. 1917.
, ,
. 1938. ,
8.000 , ,
[ 1990]. - 1941.
, 1945. .

. 3. - . 98-
27.12.2013. ( )

, . 1968.
,
,
.
.
.
,
.
10.00012.000.

210
( , . )
(K. u. K. Kriegsgefangenenlager Nagymegyer)
21.000 , 5.927 (7.000)

( , . Nagy Megyer, . Velk Meder),

(Kaiserliches und Knigliches Kriegsgefangenenlager Nagymegyer),
.
1914, 1918. , ,
[2002], 21.000 .
, ,
,
(30 ) (68 ).
7,5 , , ,
, 15 .
, ,
, ,
, .
,
, . 20
, ,
16 , 36 ,
6.25012.000 . , 40 10 5 , - ,
, . -,
. 200400 , ,
.

, , :
, . , [2002],
, ( ,
), .
,
,
.
1914. 1915. , 80 .
1915.
, , ,

211
,
5.000 10.000 .

. 4.

, ,
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.
, ,
, , ,

. 1.000 ,
, .
.
.

, ,
.
, 55
, , ,
. ,
, .
[2002] , , .
5.927 73 ,
( 7.000)
. , ,

212
20. 1914. , , 29.
1918. .
1 , ,
.
, ,
1938. ,
, .
1938. 1945. , ,
, , , .
, ,
, ,
,
,
, .


, ,
: (Komrno) 361 , (amorn), T
(Trnava) 183 , (Trenn) 171 , (Ilava),
(ilina) 84 , (Bansk Byistrica) .

(K. u. K. Interienirungslager in Nezsider)
14.500 , 9.700

,
(Kaiserliches und Knigliches Interienirungslager in Nezsider),
,
,
(. Neusiedl am See), 52 15
.
(. Nezsider).
, , 1914, 31. 1918. . [1976]
, 14.500
; 9.700;
4.800 .
, , , , ,

213
, , ,
. .4 : , ( 21.10.1914. ), , ,
, , ,
. [1919], 160 ,
. 1915.
, ,
300 ,

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,
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1914.
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.
1916, 1918.
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, .
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[1976], 1915. .
4
, , , .
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: , , , , , , ,
, ,
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[ 1919].

214
1916. . . .
, ,
, (inanitio)
(degeneratio cordis),
[1919] .
: ?
, .
,
.
[1976], , .
: ,
, .
, 20
(20 serbische Zivile), .
1924. , .
, 1953.
,

.

. 5. -

215

(K. u. k. Kriegsgefangenenlager Boldogasszony)
11.613 (1916. ), 7.000

,
(Kaiserliches und Knigliches Kriegsgefan
genenlager Boldogasszony),
( ), ,
, ,
(Frauerkirchen). 1915,
1918. ,
.
, ,
1916. 11.613 .
, , , ,
. [Hurch et al. 2006] 7.000
.
, , , [19141918], 157 (Evidenzblatt fr Grber)
(Unbekannt) (Serbe).
,
.

, .
: .
, ,
.
, .
,

,
[ 2002].

216

. 6. - .
(Unbekannt) (Serbe).

(K. u. k. Kriegsgefangenenlager Sopronnyk)
35.00040.000 (25.000+3.000 )

,
(Kaiserliches und Knigliches Kriegsgefangenenlager Sopron
nyk), ,
.
() 5. 1915. , (Samersdorf), 12
(Neckenmarkt). 15.000 ,
1916. 70 17.390 .
1918. 500 ,
,
.
, , , .

217
. [Floiger et al. 2011]
35.00040.000 .
, ,
,
. [1920, 1996],

, .
8.000.
[1995]: 1916. 25.000 3.000 ,
250 ,
, . [ 19141918]
5.715 114
.

(K. u. k. Kriegsgefangenenlager Mauthausen)
40.000 (15.000 ) , 8.256

,
(Kaiserliches und Knigliches
Kriegsgefangenenlager Mauthausen),
.
, ,
. , 22. 1914. . 700,
300 . , ,
,
80 .
(1.200)
(6.000 ).
, .

,
[ 1995],
13.000 . , , 1914.
15.000 [Gusenbauer 1977]. ,
1916. , 40.000 .
.

218

. 7. [Gusenbauer, 1977]

, , .
[1995],
1914. 1915. 7.038.
-
, . ,

219
. 7.200
, 162. .

,
1918. ,
.

,
, , ,
. :
8.000 , ,
. .
. , .
. ,
.
. . ,
. , , ,
. , , , - [
1995]. . ,
,
8.000 [ 1994]. ,
: 8.256
12.800 .
,
, [2009].

(K. u. k. Kriegsgefangenenlager Aschach an der Donau)
10.903 , 5.362

,
(Kaiserliches und Knigliches
Kriegsgefangenenlager Aschach an der Donau),
,
, ,
.
, . ,

150250 .

220
,
.
. 50 . ,
[ 1995].
1915.
.
.
, , . .
. 1915. ,
, :
.
[ 1918].

1916. 10.903 [ 1916].

1917. 6.355, 1918. 4.418
[ 1995]. 1916. , ,
.
, .
. . .
. .
, . ,
.
,
. [1994]
- 5.362 .

. 8.

221
(. )
(K. u. k. Kriegsgefangenenlager Heinrichsgrn)
66.000 , 4.306 , 2.573

,
(Kaiserliches und Knigliches Kriegsgefangenenlager
Heinrichsgrn), (. Jindichovice),
(. Heinrichsgrn),
() .
25 .
1915.
, (Raudnitz)
[Berenanov & Bruenk 2012].
, , (Karln)
(Plana) (Podhrad) (Cheb). , 300
, 17. 1915. , 1915. , ,
.
1.11.1918. , ,
.
800 , 700 100 [Berenanov &
Bruenk 2012].

. 9. () [Berenanov &
Bruenk 2012]

300 , , , , , , , , , ,
. , .
, [1919]
.

222
60.000. [1995] 66.000
, [1996] 40.000 , , , , .
Berenanov & Bruenk [2012]
36.000 . ,
[1915]
5 36985, . ,
, , 92
[Berenanov & Bruenk 2012].
,
.

. 10.

.
, , .
.
, , , 20 ,
. , 5

, ,
10.9.1916. .

223
, , ,
, ,
. , , ,
. ,


. , : ,
, [ 1996].
. 40
, 15
, .

3.800 ( ) 4.306
( ) [Berenanov & Bruenk 2012]. ,
2.573 ,
, (. 11).

1926.
(2.490 2)
- [ 1926]. 1932. ,
- ,
(Heinrichsgrn) 2.464, (Broumov)
2.599, - (Praha-Olany) 460, (Cheb) 70, 5.593
[ 19141918 ], ,
7.100 ( )6 189 ,
- .
(79 30 30 ) .
,
1937. 281
, 7.570. 1940. 89 ,
- 7.659
7 (http://www.secanje.nl/sr/srpska-groblja/jindrihovice/).
6

, .
, 7.315 [

1986].

224

. 11. (1 : 200) [ 1921].

, . , 5
1.600 , 100 .
.
,
,
,
[Berenanov & Bruenk 2012].
,
(Pardubice) 102, (Opava) 82,
(Terezn) 29, . .
- , : (1) (Olomouc)
1.187 , (2)
(Praha-Olany) 85 , 460
(3) 171 .

. 12. .
1) , . . 1. . , . 1876 27.11.1916.
2) , . 1895 9.4.1918.
3) , . . . . , . 1885 22/23.6.1917.

225
(. BROUMOV)
(K. u. k. Kriegsgefangenenlager Braunau)
35.000 , 2.674

(Braunau), (. Broumov)
(Kaiserliches und
Knigliches Kriegsgefangenenlager Braunau),

.
, (K. u. k. Kriegsgefangenenlager
Braunau am Inn), .
() 11. 1915. , .
.
. (1994)
35.000 . 1916. 1.500 8 17 .
, , ,
.
2.000 .
, .
[1921]
. 1:250 2.674 , ,
, 2.599
- . ,
.

. 13. 1:250
[ 1921].

226

,
,
.
, ,
.
[1918],
[1919], [1919],
, . . [1919]
[1920], .
()
, . ,

.

,
, [1932], (17.378)
( 409 ) 7.956
100 , 9.422 319 ,
( 1).

,
. ,
. ,
, ,
.
, .
, ,
: [1976], [1989],
[1990], . [1994], [1994], [1995],
[2002], Berenanov & Bruenk [2012] .,
. ,
,
.

227
1.

7.108

185

6.603

46

505

139

1.232

54

1.182

52

50

11

8.285

147

171

8.114

146

753

23

753

23

17.378

409

7956

100

9.422

319

: , . [1932]. . 15/63

10 300 , 236.807, 200.000, .
59.524, 64.597,
70.000 .
290
, 300 ( 2).
2. 10

1.

11.00015.000 4.317

> 4.317

2.

45.791

8.000

10.00012.000

3.

21.000

5.927

> 7.000

4.

14.500

9.700

> 9.700

5.

11.613 (1916)

11.613

7.000

> 7.000

6.

35.00040.000

25.000+3.000

5.715

> 5.715

7.

40.000

15.000

8.256

> 8.256

8.

10.903

5.362

> 5.362

9.

66.000

40.000

2.573 .

> 2.573

35.000

35.000

2.674 .

> 2.674

299.807

236.807

59.524

> 64.597

10. ()

228
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, 3.000
,
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, ,
, . 350
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229
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232
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.
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(1915). , 12, 2, .
22. (128).
(1916). . 5, 400, 3, . . 111.
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(1921). , 63, 231.
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(1921). , 63, 231.
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(1926). , 63, 231.
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(19141918 ). II/1.
().
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().
(1921). VIII/1.
. 12 (25). 1921. .
, .
(19141918 ). XII/5.


, . (2013). . :
, 15. 2013. .
, . (2002). : . : . 416 .
, ., , ., , ., , ., , ., , .
, . (1994).
19781918. . 6, 2. ( ). : .
, . (1976). 19141918. 1943. . : .
().
, . (1994). .
, 12, 4778.
, ., , ., , ., , . (1994).
19141918. :
.

233
, . (1990). (
19151917. ). : -.
, . (1919).
. . , ,
(), 1. 3. 1919. . : , ., , . (2000).
19141918 . :
.
(19671976). . :
, . 13, , . 46.
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. .
(2009).
. : ,
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. 180 .
, . (1989).
. 1918. . :
, . 403407.
, . (1995). 19141918. 19381945.
: .
, . (2002). (). : ,
31. 2002.
, . (1918). . .
, . (1920, 1996). . 19141918. . : 19121918.
, .
, . (1932). . 15/63.
Berenanov, R., Bruenk, V. (2012). Ozvny Velk vlky zajateck tbor Jindichovice
19151918. Sokolov: Museum Sokolov, pspvkov organizace Karlovarskho kraje.
Floiger, M., Gober, K. H., Guber, O., Huber, H. & Naray, J. (2011). Die Geschichte des Burgenlandes. sterreich Journal, 100, 8190.
Gusenbauer, E. (1977). Auf den Spuren einer vergessenen Zeit. Das in Kriegsgefangenenlager
Mauthausen 1914 bis 1918. Obersterreichische Heimatbltter, 51. Jahrgang, Heft ,
Herausgegeben vom Institut fr Volkskultur, 1323.
Hurch, B., Niklas Bender, N.& Mllner, A. (2006). Leo Spitzers Briefe an Hugo Schuchardt.
Berlin: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG. 436 p.

, ., , . (1996).
(Jindichovice) , . : .
http://www.secanje.nl/sr/srpskagroblja/jindrihovice/

234
RIGINAL SCIENTIFIC PAPER

MASS MORTALITY OF SERBIAN PRISONERS OF WAR AND

INTERNED CIVILIANS IN AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN CAMPS DURING
THE FIRST WORLD WAR 19141918
by
MIRETA VEMI
Geographical institute Jovan Cviji SASA,
ure Jakia 9, 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
-mail: m.vemic@gi.sanu.ac.rs

SUMMARY: This paper discusses the massive use of camps by the Austro-Hungarian
Empire during the First World War, 19141918, in order to achieve its war aims, being
the most prominent country of the Central Powers. The camps were founded for each
nation separately. There were at least 300 camps, out of which ten were large. There were
captivated Serbian prisoners of war, but unlike other nations, there were also Serbian
civilians interned, which was prohibited by Geneva conventions. In these camps, there was
a mass mortality of Serbian inmates aged 1 to 101 years. The final number of imprisoned
and killed Serbs has not been determined, but it is considered to be much higher than
the estimated number accepted at the peace conference in Versailles. From the previous
research the main causes of their suffering can be seen. These are hunger, inadequate
housing of the inmates, the location of the camps, heavy forced labor, poor hygiene and
health care, illness and disease, punishment and looting of detainees, etc. All camps
operated by the same principle and achieved the same war results: the mass mortality of
the imprisoned people. Given that the camps were massively opened during the Second
World War by the same countries, it is clear that from the beginning they were planned
and designed as the most efficient means of genocide against the Serbs.
KEYWORDS: First World War, Serbs, Austria-Hungary, camp, prisoners of war,
interned civilians