Finite Element Method, Assignment-1

1. Solve the deflection and stresses in the cantilever beam manually by FEM, the section
has a width of 40cm, height of 20cm. the modulus elasticity of the material is given as
E=2.1x 1011 Pa. Compare the result with that of Ansys.

3m

1.5m

Given

Required

E=2.1*1011pa

Deflections, V2, V3, 2, 3

Stresses, 1

Solution
Element
(1)
(2)

Node (i)
1
2

Node (j)
2
3

Now lets calculate the stiffness matrix of the elements:

The stiffness matrix [K ]e for a beam element is given as

By: Usman Teshita & Mohammed Abrasha

Group -12
1

Finite Element Method, Assignment-1

[ ]

12
L3
6
12
6 L 12 6 L
2
2
2
e
e
EI
[ K ] = 3 6 L 4 L 6 L 2 L [ K ] =EI L
12
L 12 6 L 12 6 L
2
2
6 L 2 L 6 L 4 L
L3
6
L2

For element (1)

[ ]
[ ]

12
L1 3
6
1
L2
[ K ] =EI 1
12
L1 3
6
L12

6
L1 2
4
L1
6
L1 2
2
L1

12 6
L 1 3 L1 2
6 2
L 1 2 L1
12 6
L 1 3 L1 2
6 4
L 1 2 L1

6
2
L2
4
L2
6
L22
2
L2

12 6
3
L2 L 2 2
6 2
L2 2 L 2
12 6
L2 3 L 2 2
6 4
L2 2 L 2

For element (2)

12
3
L2
6
2
L2
[ K ] =EI 2
12
L2 3
6
L22

When the two element matrix are assembled we get

By: Usman Teshita & Mohammed Abrasha

Group -12
2

6
L2
4
L
6
L2
2
L

12 6
L3 L 2
6 2
L2 L
12 6
L3 L 2
6 4
L2 L

Finite Element Method, Assignment-1

[ ]

12
L13
6
2
L1
12
3
(G)
L1
[ K ] =EI
6
L12

6
L1 2
4
L1
6
2
L1
2
L1

12
6
3
L1
L2 2
6
2
2
L
L1
1
6
6
12 12
+ 3 2+ 2
3
L1 L2 L1 L2
6 6 4 + 4

L1 2 L 2 2 L 1 L2
6
12
3
L2 2
L2
2
6
2
L2
L2

12
L23
6
L22
12
L23
6
L22

6
L2 2
2
L2
6
L2 2
4
L2

(*)

{F } =[K]G { d }

[ ]

12
6
3
L1
L1 2
6
4
2
L
L1
1
F1 y
12 6
M1
3
2
L1
F 2 y =EI L1
6
2
M2
2
F3 y
L1
L1
M3
0
0

{}

12
6
L13
L22
6
2
2
L1
L1
6
6
12 12
+ 3 2+ 2
3
L 1 L 2 L 1 L2
6 6 4 + 4

L 1 2 L 2 2 L 1 L2
6
12
3
L22
L2
2
6
2
L2
L2

12 6
L23 L22
6
2
2
L
L2
2
12 6
L23 L22
6
4
2
L2
L2

By: Usman Teshita & Mohammed Abrasha

Group -12
3

{}
V1
1
V2
2
V3
3

.. (1)

Finite Element Method, Assignment-1

Boundary conditions:
At key point-1 V1=1=0
And at point-2 and 3 F2y=-P, M2=0, M3=0 F3y=0
Substituting these values in the above equation (1) we get

[ ]

12
L13
6
L12
F1 y
12
M1
3
P =EI L1
6
0
2
0
L1
0
0

{}

6
L12
4
L1
6
2
L1
2
L1
0
0

12
6
3
L1
L2 2
6
2
2
L1
L1
12 12 6 + 6
+ 3 2
2
3
L1 L2 L1 L2
6 6 4 + 4
2
2
L1 L 2 L 1 L2
6
12
3
L2 2
L2
2
6
2
L2
L2

12
L23
6
2
L2
12
L23
6
L22

6
L2 2
2
L2
6
L2 2
4
L2

{}
0
0
V2
2
V3
3

(2)

Equation (2) will be reduced to

12 12
+
L13 L23
P
6
6
2
2
0
L1 L 2
0 =EI 12
0
L23

6
L22

6 6
+
L1 2 L 2 2
4 4
+
L1 L 2
6
L22
2
L2

12 6
L2 3 L 2 2
6 2 V 2
L2 2 L 2 2
12 6 V 3
L2 3 L 2 2 3
6 4
L2 2 L 2

{}

For L1=3m and L2=1.5m equation (3) will become

By: Usman Teshita & Mohammed Abrasha

Group -12
4

.... (3)

Finite Element Method, Assignment-1

P
4
2
3.5556 2.6667
0
3.3333
4
2.6667 1.3333
0 =EI 3.5556 2.6667 3.5556 2.6667
0
2.6667
1.3333 2.6667 2.6667

]{ }
V2
2
V3
3

. (3a)

From eqn. (3)

4V2+2 2 -3.5556V3+2.6667 3=

P
... (a)
EI

-3.3333V2+4 2 -2.6667V3+1.3333 3=0 . (b)

-3.5556V2-2.6667 2 +3.5556V3-2.6667 3=0 . (c)
2.6667V2+1.3333 2 -2.6667V3+2.6667 3 =0 (d)
From (a) and (c)
0.4444V2-0.6667 2 =

P
EI

V2= 1.5002 2

2.2502 P
EI

From (c) and (d)

-0.8889V2-1.3333 2 +0.8889V3=0

2.2502 P
4

V3= 1.124910 2+
EI

From (b) and (d)

-1.5V2-3.3334 2 +1.333 3 =0

3=4.7506 2+

Substituting these values in either of the equations (a) - (d)

We get V2= 0.02*10-6

V3=0.4319*10-3

2= 0.2678*10-3 3 =0.5352*10-3
To find the reaction force at point -1

F y=0

F1y=P

By: Usman Teshita & Mohammed Abrasha

Group -12
5

10.1254 P
EI

Finite Element Method, Assignment-1

To find the moment M about point 1

M 0

M1=3m*P=3m*10*103N=30000N.m

Therefore the stress at point -1 is

My
I
=2.6667*10-4m4
x=

x=

Where, M=30000N.m

y=0.2/2=0.1m and I=

300000.1
=11.25Mpa
2.6667104

By: Usman Teshita & Mohammed Abrasha

Group -12
6

b h3
0.40.23
=
12
12