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Mainstream Earth Scientists are befuddled by Black Earth and happily spread their
confusion around [by the bucketful] when they conflate different varieties of Black
Earth.
For example:
When Wikipedia is waffling about the layer of Dark Earth covering the ruins of Roman
Europe they implicitly misdirect the reader by implying Dark Earth is a European
version of the fertile Terra Preta [black soil] found in the Amazon Basin.
Dark earth in archaeology is an archaeological horizon, as much as 1 m (2 3 ft)
thick, indicating settlement over long periods of time.
The material is high in organic matter, including charcoal, which gives it its
characteristic dark colour; it may also contain fragments of pottery, tile, animal
bone and other artefacts.
It is interpreted as soil enriched with the sooty remains of thatched roofs from
houses without chimneys, with other waste materials.
See: https://malagabay.wordpress.com/2016/05/16/black-earth-dark-earth/
See: https://malagabay.wordpress.com/2016/03/07/philip-callahanparamagnetism/
For example:
When Wikipedia is waffling about black earth confusion they are explicitly
misdirecting the reader by differentiating between Dark Earth and Chernozem Black
Soils.
Londons dark earth was originally called black earth by archaeologists.
It was renamed dark earth because of confusion with the chernozem (black
earth soils in Russia; in these, the dark colour is traditionally (not universally) thought
to come from humus, rather than soot).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_earth
Chernozem is a black-coloured soil containing a high percentage of humus (7% to
15%), and high percentages of phosphoric acids, phosphorus and ammonia.[citation
needed]
Chernozem is very fertile and produces a high agricultural yield.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chernozem
Again, when the photographic evidence is available, its evident the only differences
between 7 hectares of Dark Earth and 7 hectares of Chernozem Black Soils is the higher
concentration of human settlement triage found in Dark Earth.
Dark earth over 7 hectares has been found in the Viking city of Bjrk (today
called Birka), in central Sweden, close to modern Stockholm.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_earth
The construction technique of the buildings is still unknown, but the main material
was wood.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birka
The mainstream has a long and glorious history of explaining away Chernozem Black
Soils.
Chernozem is a black-coloured soil containing a high percentage of humus (7% to 15%),
and high percentages of phosphoric acids, phosphorus and ammonia.
However, after all these years, they still dont understand Chernozem Black Soils.
In this review we compile the most important literature on pedogenesis of Central
European Chernozems since the 1920s, according to the soil forming factors climate,
time, vegetation, relief and man.
Our review demonstrates that there is no consensus on the factors controlling
the formation, conservation and degradation of Central European
Chernozems in published literature.
We found that
(1) no absolute time of formation could be stated so far, and that
(2) Central European Chernozems formed not only under steppe but also under forest
vegetation;
(3) the spatial distribution of Chernozems and Phaeozems did not correlate with
climate conditions or topographic position, and
(4) until now no other factors were considered to be responsible for Chernozem
development.
Recent studies showed that these unknown factors could include anthropogenic
activity and vegetation burning as they could form black soils or strongly affect the
composition of soil organic matter.
We concluded that not all soils classified as Chernozems in Central Europe are steppe
soils and thus, as they do not necessarily reflect past climate, the classification may be
misleading.
And only time will tell whether mainstream researchers are capable of recognising the
pattern formed by Chernozem Black Soils in the Northern Hemisphere.
Soil map of the Northern Hemisphere (Dokoutchaev, 1899) prepared by Dokuchaev for
the World Exhibition in Paris in 1900.
Soil Maps of the World
Alfred E. Hartemink, Pavel Krasilnikov, J.G. Bockheim
Geoderma 207208 (2013) 256267
http://www.alfredhartemink.nl/2013%20%20Soil%20maps%20of%20the%20world%20%28Hartemink,%20Krasilnikov,%20Bo
ckheim%29.pdf
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