The Design and Discussion of a Micro Gas Turbine Engine

(UAV)

MEMS

4.76cm 2.40cm
300000rpm 100

1-1

AMT JET CAT

1-1

1-2

(1)10
10 1990
JPX-T260P( 11 11.61in.
121800rpm)
UAV
UAV UAV
UAV

60 ( 1-2) 15
90 91 P-15

(2)1
1
M-DOT
86 1.4
Microturbojet Engine
1-3 1-5

(3)

(MIT) 1.2
0.125Nt
MIT
50W
1-6 1-7

1-3

1 MIT

50W

1
UAV

1-4

100

(1)

(2)

304

(3)

600

(4)

300000rpm

(5)

(6)

100

CNC

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(Brayton Cycle)

2-1

(1)

(Compressor):

(2)

(Diffuser):
(impeller)

(
)

(3)

(Combustor):

(4)

(Turbine Inlet Guide Vane):

(5)

(Turbine):

(6)

(Nozzle):

2-2

2-2-1

(1): ( 5cm )
(2): CNC
(3)
(4) 304 ( 600 )
(5)100

2-2-2

(1) p
Kamps[5] 66cm
99495rpm 1.898 MIT

microengine 4
2

(2) (critical rotational speed) Wcr

(critical angular speed)

(a) WC () WT ():

3EI
m(1 + C )C 2

WC WT =

E : (modulus of elasticity of

material)
E steel = 210 10 9 N

m2

I = d o d i 64 :(moment of inertia)
4

d o :
10

d i :
C :(distance from the

wheel C.G to the first bearing)

m :(wheel mass)

(b)(shaft) WW :
WW =

2.47
E
d
2
s
l

d :
l :(bearing space)

s :

(c) Wcr :
1
Wcr

1
WC

1
WT

1
WW

11

2-2-3

(Brayton Cycle)
2-1
a
1
2
3
4
5

0.01
h=0(sea level)
M=0.01

Pa =1.01325 bar
Ta =288.15 K

a =1.225 kg

m3

a =340.3 m s

12

c p =1.005 kJ (kg C )

=1.4

0.9
0.65 0.75
0.75 0.7 0.8
4%
p 2
(turbine inlet temperature) T3 873K
c 0.75
t 0.7
m 0.8
b 0.7
Pb 10%

(1)
P1 Pa
0.04 M P1 C a
P01

13

P01 = P1 +

C a21
2g

= 1.01325 + 1.225

(0.04 340.3)2
2 980

= 1.203 (bar)

T01
2

C
T01 = Ta + a
2c p

2
(
0.04 340.3)
= 288.15 +

2 1.005

= 380.33K

(2)

P
P02 = 02 P01 = 2 1.203 = 2.406 (bar)
P01

( 1)
308.33
T01 P02

T02 T01 =
1 =
21 3.5 1 = 90.04 (K)
0.75
c P01

T02 = T01 + 90.04 = 288.16 + 90.04 = 378.2 (K)

14

(3)
Wt = Wc m

T03 T04 =

c p (T02 T01 )
c pg m

1.005 90.04
= 98.5 (K)
1.148 0.8

c pg
304
600 C T03 = 873K
T04 = T03 98.5 = 873 98.5 = 774.5 (K)

4%
P
P03 = P02 1 b
P02

= 2.406(1 0.1) = 2.165 (bar)

(4)
0.65 0.75
0.7

T04 = T03

(T03 T04 ) = 873 98.5 = 732.3 (K)

0.7

15


T
P04 = P03 04
T03

732.3
= 2.165
= 1.07 (bar)
873

T(K)

P(bar)

(a)

288.15

1.01325

(01)

380.33

1.203

(02)

378.2

2.406

(03)

873

2.165

(04)

774.5

1.04

T-P 2-2

2-2-4

(1)(Compressor)

(diffuser)

16


:?
?

p 2 N 300000rpm
d C 2 16mm d C1 4mm
p =2
N =300000rpm

d C1 =0.004m
d C 2 =0.016m

U C 2
U C 2 = d C 2 N 60
= 0.016 300000 60
= 251.33 (m/s)

AC1

( )

AC1 = d C2 2 4

17

= 0.000201(m 2 )

AC 2
AC 2 = d C 2 bC
= 0.016 0.004

= 0.0002m 2

50lbf~100lbf
100g

/ 30:1
0.0033 kg

C a1 =

m&
1 A1

0.0033
1.2 0.000201

( s)

= 13.7 m

U C1 = d C1 N 60
= 0.004 300000 60

= 62.83(m )
s

18


50 3-5 4
5

(2)(Turbine)
304 (max.
turbine

blade

temperature) TT

MAX

(max.peripheral speed) U MAX :

TTMAX = 600C
U MAX = 250 m

d T1 = 10mm = 0.01m
d T 2 = 4mm = 0.004m
19

( s)

U T 1 = d T 1 N 60 = 157.08 m

( s)

U T 2 = d T 2 N 60 = 62.83 m

A04 =

(d

2
T1

d T22 )
= 0.000066(m 2 )
4

d T 2
(max. rotational speed) n MAX
n MAX =

U MAX
dT 2

:
n MAX =

U MAX
dT 2

250
0.01

= 5305.16 m

= 318309.6rpm

300000rpm

20

(thermal expansion) l :
l = l T

steel = 0.000012
()

:
d T = d T 2 d T

(casing)

3-10 10 11

(3)(diffuser):

3-5
4 5

(4)(combustor):

21

[4]
C d

3-6 3-7 3-8 6

7

(5)(turbine inlet guide vane):

3-9 8 9

22

(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)

23

3-1

3-1

(1)

24

0.75mm 3-2
0.5cm

(2)

3-3 3-4

(3)

3-5

25

(4)

3-6 3-7

(5)

3-8

(6)

3-9

(7)

26

3-10

(8)

3-9
5

3-11 3-12

3-13 3-16

27

3-2

3-17

(1)

3-18
3-19

(2)

28

(3)

3-20

3-21 3-23

3-24

(4)

3-23 3-24 120

3-25 3-26

(5)

29


3-27
3-28

(6)

/(A/D
) pc

(7)
K-type
K-type 800
3-29 3-30

30

(8)
3-31

3-3

2
3
4

31

4-1

()

20

103

72

(1)

32

(2)

4-2

33

4-3

c 0.75
t 0.7
m 0.8
b 0.7
Pb 4%

34

5-1

(
)

(1)

(2)

10

(3)

4.76
2.4 80

(4)

35

(5)

5-2

1
2
3
4 -

36

[1] Zurita-Ugalde, V., Gomez-Mancilla, J. C., and Garcia-Cristiano, F.,

A Simple Method for Geometry Definition of Radial Compressor,
International Journal of Turbo and Jet Engines, vol.18, pp.31-36,
2001.
[2] Kong, C., A Study on Straight Flow Annular Combustor for Small
Scale Turbojet Engine, International Journal of Turbo and Jet
Engines, vol.18, pp.157-167, 2001.
[3] , ,
, 2002.
[4] , ,
, 1999
[5] Kamps, T., Model Jet Engine, Traplet, UK, 1995.
[6] Schreckling, K., Gas Turbines for Model Aircraft, Traplet, UK, 1994.
[7] , The Effect of Volute on the Performance of Radial Flow
Pumps, , 1997.
[8] , ,
, 1996.

37

[9] Epstein, A. H. et al, The MIT Microengine Project, AIAA Paper ,

MA 02139, 1997.
[10] DeCourtye, D., Sen, M., and Gad-el-Hak, M., Analysis of Viscous
Micropumps

and

Microturbines,

International

Journal

of

Computational Fluid Dynamics, vol.10 , pp. 13-25, 1998.

[11] Liu, F., and Sirignano, W. A., Turbojet and Turbofan Engine
Performance Increase Through Turbine Burners, Journal of
Propulsion and Power, vol.17, NO.3, May-June, 2001.
[12] Tsai, B. J., Chang, C. Y., and Ho, W. C., Overall Performance
Measurements of Annular Combustors Used in P-60 Miniature
Turbojet Engine, International Journal of Turbo and Jet Engines,
vol.18, pp. 133-143, 2001.
[13] , ,
, 2001.
[14] , , , , 1987.
[15] , , , ,
2000.
[16] , , , 1978.
[17] , , , , 1973.
38

[18], ,
, 2002.NSC90-2212-E-007-100,
2001

39

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(II
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M icro 0S
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tu
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ur
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Ol
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(lb)

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

1-1

40

 1-2 P-60

41

 1-3 M-DOT Microturbojet Engine

42

 1-4

M-DOT Microturbojet Engine

43

 1-5 M-DOT Microturbojet Engine

44

 1-6 MIT

45

 1-7 MIT

46

 2-1

47

 2-2 T-P

48

 3-1

49

 3-2

50

 3-3

51

 3-4

52

 3-5

53

 3-6

54

 3-7

55

 3-8

56

 3-9

57

 3-10

58

 3-11

59

 3-12

60

 3-13

61

 3-14

62

 3-15

63

 3-16

64

 3-17

65

 3-18

66

 3-19

67

 3-20

68

 3-21

69

 3-22

70

 3-23

71

 3-24

72

 3-25

73

 3-26

74

 3-27

75

 3-28

76

 3-29

K-type

77

 3-30

78

 3-31

79

80

81

82

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

 10

90

 11

91

 12

92

 13

93

 14

94

 15

95

ABSTRACT
Subject :

The Design and Discussion of a Micro Gas Turbine Engine

Student : Yau-Cheng Li
Advisor : Shih-Hsiung Chen

The micro gas turbine engine has a good potential for UAV
propulsion and power generation applications. Whereas the turbine
engine with thrust level below 1 lbf is non-exist, except the MIT micro
turbine made by MEMS technology. The objective of the present study is
trying to design a 100g thrust level micro turbine engine. The approach of
the design is similar to that used in 10 lbf thrust level micro turbine
engines. The basic requirement is that the engine components can be
made by traditional precision machining methods. The designed micro
turbine engine has a overall dimension of 4.76 cm in length, and 2.40 cm
in diameter. The thrust is 100 g at 300000 rpm. A test bed to measure
basic performance parameters is built to verify the design for future
design improvement.

II

III

IV

VI


I
II
III
VII
IV
XII
1
1-1

1-2

1-3

1-4

5
2-1 6
2-2 9
2-2-1 9
2-2-2 9

VII

2-2-3 12
2-2-4 16

24
3-1 24
3-2 28
3-3 31

32
4-1 32
4-2 33
4-3 34

35
5-1 35
5-2 35

37
92

VIII


1-1

40

1-2

P-60M-DOT 41

1-3

Microturbojet Engine 42

1-4

M-DOT Microturbojet Engine 43

1-5

M-DOT Microturbojet Engine 44

1-6

MIT 45

1-7

MIT 46

2-1

47

2-2

T-P 48

3-1

49

3-2

50

3-3

51

3-4

52

3-5

53

3-6

54

3-7

56

3-8

57

3-9

58

IX

 3-10

59

3-11

60

3-12

61

3-13

62

3-14

63

3-15

64

3-16

65

3-17

66

3-18

67

3-19

68

3-20

69

3-21

70

3-22

71

3-23

72

3-24

73

3-25

74

3-26

75

3-27

76

3-28

77

 3-29

K-type 78

3-30

79

3-31

80

XI

81

82

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

10

90

11

91

12

92

13

93

14

94

15

95

XII

A1

A04

A3

AC 2

bC

C04

C1

C2

C3

Ca1

Cd

Cg

Cp

Cr 2

C 04

XIII

Cv

d3

d4

do

di

d C1

dC2

dT1

dT 2

(modulus of elasticity of material)

(moment of inertia)

(bearing space)

(thermal expansion)

m&

(mass flow rate)

n MAX

Pa

XIV

PD1

P01

P02

P03

P04

Pb

Ta

T1

T2

TD1

T01

T02

T03

T04

Tmax

Tmin

XV

TG 2

TTMAX

U MAX

U C1

UC2

U T1

UT 2

WC

(Compressor)

Wcr

(critical rotational speed)

WT

WW

max

XVI

 st

XVII