EXER

ChE 418- Computer Applica

Determine the optimum economic thickness of insulation that should be u

continuously through a steel pipe with an outside diameter of 10.75 in. Th
1000 lb. The pipe is to be insulated with a material that has a thermal con
per foot of pipe length is $4.5 x _,where _, is the thickness of the insulat
percent of the initial installed cost. The total length of the pipe is 1000 ft, a
Heat-transfer resistances due to the steam film, scale, and pipe wall are n
assumed constant at 2.0 Btu/(h)(ft^2)(F) for all insulation thicknesses.

STEEL PIPE AND STEAM

OD
10.75
Ts
400
Steam Cost
0.0018
k
0
L
1000
Tsurr
70
ho
2
H at 400F
826
Total Steam Cost

in
F
$/lb
Btu/(h)(ft^2)(F/ft)
ft
F
Btu/(h)(ft^2)(F/ft)
Btu/lb

Equations:
Cost=$4.5 x _
_=thickness of the insulation (in)
Annual Fixed charges=0.20(Cost)
Annual FC=450do4838
Annual Steam Cost=mass of steam ($1.80/(1000 lb steam))

Q=(188.5(400To))/(ln(do/10.75))

=188.5/(ln(/10.75))

=188.5/(ln(/10.75))

=1188/(ln(/10.75)+(0.4/))

EXERCISES

Computer Applications in Chemical Engineering

tion that should be used under the following conditions: Saturated steam is being passed
meter of 10.75 in. The temperature of the steam is 400F, and the steam is valued at $1.80 per
at has a thermal conductivity of 0.03 Btu/(h)(ft^2)(F/ft). The cost of the installed insulation
ickness of the insulation in inches. Annual fixed charges including maintenance amount to 20
f the pipe is 1000 ft, and the average temperature of the surroundings may be taken as 70F.
e, and pipe wall are negligible. The air-film coefficient at the outside of the insulation may be
ation thicknesses.

insulation

do

pipe
pipe outer diameter=insulation
inner diameter= di

ng passed
ed at $1.80 per
ed insulation
amount to 20
aken as 70F.
ation may be

EXERCIS

ChE 418- Computer Application

An absorption tower containing wooden grids is to be used for absorbing S

the tower at a rate of 70,000 ft3/min, temperature of 250F, and pressure
specified, and a given fraction of the entering SO, must be removed in the
mixture may be assumed to be 29.1. Under the specified design condition
superficial gas velocity as follows:
Number of transfer units = 0.32Gf.*
where G, is the entering gas velocity as lb/(hXft*) based on the cross-secti
constant at 15 ft. The cost for the installed tower is $1 per cubic foot of ins
the initial cost. Variable operating charges for the absorbent, blower powe
OPTIMUM DESIGN AND DESIGN STRATEGY 417
equation:
Total variable operating costs as $/h = 1.8G, X 10m8 + g + $ s s
The unit is to operate 8000 h/year. Determine the height and diameter of t

EXERCISES

mputer Applications in Chemical Engineering

e used for absorbing SO, in a sodium sulfite solution. A mixture of air and SO, will enter
of 250F, and pressure of 1.1 atm. The concentration of SO, in the entering gas is
must be removed in the absorption tower. The molecular weight of the entering gas
cified design conditions, the number of transfer units necessary varies with the

ased on the cross-sectional area of the empty tower. The height of a transfer unit is
$1 per cubic foot of inside volume, and annual tied charges amount to 20 percent of
bsorbent, blower power, and pumping power are represented by the following

8+g+$ss
eight and diameter of the absorption tower at conditions of minimum annual cost.

ill enter
s
gas

t is
nt of

st.