A GENERAL PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING A SYNTHETIC UNIT

HYDROGRAPH BASED ON MASS CONCERVATION PRINCIPLE.

DEVELOPMENT OF ITB-1 AND ITB-2 SYNTHETIC UNIT
HYDROGRAPH METHOD
D.K. Natakusumah1, W. Hatmoko2 and D. Harlan1
1

Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering

Institute of Technology Bandung
Bandung 40132
INDONESIA
2
Research Center Water Resources, Agency for Research and Development
Ministry of Publick Works
Bandung 40135
INDONESIA
E-mail: dantje2009@gmail.com, dhemi170@yahoo.com, whatmoko@yahoo.com
Abstract: Synthetic unit hydrograph methods are popular and play an important role in many water
resources design and analysis of ungagged watersheds. These methods are simple, requiring only an
easy determination of watershed characteristics such as catchment area and river length. In some
cases it may also include land use characteristics. Therefore, these methods serve as useful tools to
simulate runoff from watersheds undergoing land use change. In this paper a simple and accurate
approach for determining a consistent Synthetic Unit Hydrograph (SUH) based on mass conservation
principles and its application in the development of ITB-1 and ITB-2 SUH is presented. Some
applications of the method in computing design flood of small and medium size catchment are also
presented. The results show that, although input data required by ITB-1 and ITB-2 SUH are simple
and the calculation is eassy, but the final results agree well with other methods developed earlier.
Keywords: Synthetic Unit Hydrograph (SUH), mass conserving SUH calculation procedure, ITB-1 and
ITB-2 SUH, flood hydrograph, hydrology.

1. INTRODUCTION
Synthetic unit hydrograph method (SUH), initially proposed by Sherman in 1922, is still a widely used
tool in hydrologic analysis and synthesis especially for ungagged watershed. The term synthetic in
synthetic unit hydrograph denotes the unit hydrograph (UH) derived from watershed characteristics
rather than rainfall-runoff data.These methods are popular and play an important role in many water
resources design and analysis of ungagged watersheds. These methods are simple, requiring only an
easy determination of watershed characteristics such as catchment area and river length. These
methods serve as useful tools to simulate runoff from ungagged watersheds. When land use
characteristics are included, these methods serve as useful tools to simulate runoff from watersheds
undergoing land use change.
To develop a synthetic unit hydrograph, several techniques are available. Several most popular unit
hydrographs models such as HEC-HMS, Nakayasu, Snyder-Alexeyev, SCS, and GAMA-1 are
available and commonly used in Indonesia for developing either peak discharge rate, volume or a
runoff hydrograph. Some of the parameters used in the UH equations are empirical; the model is
limited to physiolographic conditions of the catchment. Therefore, model should be evaluated with the
local data.
This paper presents one of the results of research in the Program for Research Capacity Building at
Institute Technology Bandung (ITB), Indonesia, 2010. This one year research project was aimed to
develop a General Procedure Calculation of Synthetic Unit Hydrograph (SUH) and Development of
ITB ITB-1 and SUH-2 Synthetic Unit Hydrograph". This general procedure was initially proposed by
Natakusumah (2009) and later implemented by Natakusumah, Hatmoko and Harlan (2010) for
developing ITB-1 and ITB-2 Synthetic Unit Hydrograhps.

2. PROPOSED PROCEDURE
The most popular SUH method used is the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) curvilinear unit
hydrograph. It is derived from the analysis of large number of natural UHs for the catchments of
varying size and geographic locations. This method is based on the assumption that the same unit
hydrograph shape applies to all catchments; only the scale differs. Following the approach developed
by SCS and later followed by Nakayasu, Alexeyev and others, we also derived a unit hydrograph
calculation procedure where the unit hydrograph is dimensionless with axis of q=Q/Qp and t=T/Tp, in
which Q equals the discharge rate at any time T, and Qp equal the peak discharge at peak time Tp.
To define a complete shape of SUH, three characteristics of SUH are required. The three
characteristics are 1) Basin Lag (TL) and Time to Peak (Tp), 2) Basic shape of SUH and 3) adjustable
peak discharge (Qp) per unit rainfall depth.

2.1.

Basin Lag and Time To Peak

The basin lag is an important parameter in computing unit hydrograph, but it is sometimes difficult to
estimate its value in real world situations. Many empirical equations of time lag and its relation to time
to peak have been proposed in the literatures. The proposed method is very flexible in adopting Time
lag and Time to peak formula, and some of them are listed in Table-1.
Table 1 : Time lag Formulas and its relation to time to peak
Method

Time Lag

Kirpich

Snyder

Nakayasu

0.21 L0.7
TL =
0.527 + 0.058 L

2.2.

Tp 2 / 3 Tc

Te Tp / 5.5

TL = (L Lc)0.3

SCS

Time To Peak

L0.77

Tc 0.01947
S 0.835

For small chatcment (A < 2 km2)

Te Tr Tp = tp + 0.25 (Tr - Te)

Tp
Te < Tr Tp = tp + 0.50 Tr

(L < 15 km)
(L 15 km)

Tp 1.6 TL

Tp TL 0.5 Tr

2540 - 22.86 CN

TL = L0.8
14104 CN0.7 S 0.5

Remarks
Tc = Ttime lConcentration (hr)
L = River Lenght (km)
Te = Eff rainfall duration (hr)
S = Ccatchment slope (m/m)
Tp = ttime to peak (hr)
TL = time lag (hours)
L = River Lenght (km)
Lc = Center to outlet lenght (km)
Te = Eff rainfall duration (hour)
Tr = unit duration (hour)
Tp = ttime to peak (hour)
TL = time lag (hours)
L = River Lenght (km)
Tr = unit duration (hour)
Tp = ttime to peak (hour)
TL = time lag (hours)
L = River Lenght (km)
S = Ccatchment slope (m/m)
CN = Curve number (50 - 95)
Tr = unit duration (hour)
Tp = ttime to peak (hour)

Basic Shape of SUH

Unlike SCS, Nakayasu and Alexeyev methods that use specific UH Shape, the proposed method is
very flexible in adopting any basic shape representing UH shape (triangular, cirvilinear etc). Although,
the proposed method is equaly applicable to any basic shape for SUH, in this reseach, however, we
proposed adjustable SUH shape synthesized by using either a simple single function (ITB-1 SUH) or
two simple functions (ITB-2 SUH) as follows.
a) Single Function (ITB-1)

q( t ) exp2 t
t

Cp

(t > 0)

= 1.500

(1)

(0 t 1)

= 2.500

(2.a)

(t>1)

= 1.000

(2.b)

b) Two Functions (ITB-2)

Rising Limb

: q( t ) t

Recession Limb : q( t ) exp 1 t

Cp

Value of and coefficients can be change by changing Cp (Peak Coefficient). Figure 1 shows the
relation of the peak discharge parameter q=Q/Qp and t=T/Tp from equation of ITB-1 and ITB-2 SUH.
1.20
ITB-2 SUH
ITB-2 SUH
1.00

q=Q/Qp

0.80

0.60

0.40

0.20

0.00
0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

t=T/Tp

Figure 1 : Typical shape of ITB-1 and ITB-2 SUH (dimensionless)

2.3.

Peak Discharge of SUH

Peak Discharge of UH was derived by following the definition unit hydrograph and the principle of mass
conservation. Figure 2.a and Figure 2.c shows two typical shape of UH (triangular and culvilinear
shape) of a catchment generated by rainfall excess R (mm). By dividing absis and ordinates of UH
by Tp and Qp, we obtain dimensionless UH show Figure 2.b and Figure 2.d.

Qp=5 m3/s

1
A SUH = 1/2*(4*1) = 2 (exact)
VSUH = Qp*Tp*A SUH
= (5 m3/s)*(2 s)*(2) = 20 m3

V SUH = 1/2*(8 s)*(5 m3/s) =20 m3

Non-Dimensionalized by Qp and Tp

Tp=2 s

Tb=8 s

(a) Triangular SUH

(b) Triangular SUH (dimensionless)

Qp

A SUH = Area of SUH (Computed Numerically)

V SUH= Qp*Tp*A SUH

V SUH = Volume of SUH (m3)

Non-Dimensionalized by Qp and Tp

Tp

Tb

(c) Curvilinear SUH

Tb/Tp

(d) Curvilinear SUH (dimensionless)

Figure 2 : Simple Approach for Calculating UH Volume from Dimensionless UH

By referring to these figures, a simple approach for caculating UH volume from dimensionless UH is
given as.
VUH = Qp Tp AUH = Qp Tp 3600 AUH
3

(m3)
3

(4)

Where VHU = volume of UH (m ), Qp = peak of UH (m /s), AUH = area of UH (dimensionless). Please

note that AUH can be computed exactly or numerically (e.q. using trapeziodal rule),

The Unit Hydrograph (UH) of a catchment, according to Ramirez (2000) is defined as the direct
runoff hydrograph resulting from a unit excess rainfall depth of constant intensity and uniformly
distributed over the watersheed. Folowing this definition, volume of rainfall excess can be computed as
VRE = ACA R 1000

(m3)

(3)

Where VRE = total volume of unit excess rainfall (m3), A CA = Area of the wathershed (km2), R= unit
excess rainfall depth (mm).
By applying principle of mass conservation VRE = VUH, we obtained
Qp Tp 3600 AUH = ACA R 1000
Therefore the peak discharge can be writtes as follows

Qp

R A CA
3.6 Tp A UH

(m3/s)

(5)

In which Qp = the peak discharge in m /s; R= unit excess rainfall depth (mm); ACA = the catchment
2
area (km ); AUH = the area of unit hydrograph (dimensionless), computed exactly or numerically (e.q.
using trapeziodal rule).

3. APPLICATION
3.1.

Flood hydrograph of a Small Cathment

The first example application of ITB method is on a small wathershed with cathment area of 1.2 km2,
river Length of 1.570 km and catchment Slope of 0001. To show flexibibility of the proposed method in
adopting basic shape of UH, a triangular UH shown in Figure 3 was used to generate flood
hydrograph due to excess rainfall of 10 mm, 70 mm and 30 mm (half-hour interval).
qp=1

A HSS 1/2*1*1+1/2*(1+1/3)*1+1/2*3*1/3=5/3

qp=1/3

tp=1

t=2

tb=5

Figure 3 : Abritrary Triangular SUH (Dimensionless)

a) Compute Time to Peak (Tp) and Time Base (Tb)

For small cathment, time Concentration is computed using Kirpirch formula

L0.77
t c 0.01947 0.835
S

0.01947

1575 0.77

0.0010.835

80.58 min ute 1.34 hour

Time Peak (Tp) dan Time Base (Tb)

Tp

2
3

tc

2
3

1.34 0.893 hour

Tb

8
3

tp

8
3

0.893 2.382 hour

b) Compute Triangular SUH

1. Compute Area of Triangular SUH
AHSS A1 A 2 A 3 (1/2 * 1 * 1) + {1/2 * (1 + 1/3) * 1} + (1/2 * 3 * 1/3) = 5/3 Exact value

2. Compute Peak Dicharge of SUH

Qp

R
A CA
1
1.2

0.224 m3 / s
3.6 Tp A SUH 3.6 0.893 1.667

3. Dimesionalised SUH by mutiplying absis and ordinate of dimensionless SUH in Figure 3 by Tp

and Qp, and the resut is shown in Figure 4. Ordinates of SUH between 0 and Tp and between
Tp and Tb (obtained using linear interpolation) is shown in table below.
m 3/s

T (hour)

Q (m3/s)

0.000
0.500
0.893
1.000
1.500
1.786
2.000
2.500
3.000
3.500
4.000
4.466
4.500

0.000
0.125
0.224
0.206
0.123
0.075
0.069
0.055
0.041
0.027
0.013
0.000
0.000

Q p=0.224

Q =0.075

Tp=0.893 T=1.786

Note

Tp
2*Tp

Tb = 5 Tp

Tb=4.466 H our

Figure 4 : Triangular SUH (Dimensionalised)

c) The superposition process of 10 mm, 70 mm and 30 mm rainfall excess (half-hour intervals), is
shown in Table 2 and the final hydrograph result is shown in Figure 5. (Note : Ratio of DRO/RE <
100% was caused by the exlusion of peak discharge (Qp,Tp) from superposition process)
Table 2 : Superposition of Triangular SUH
Time
(Hour)

Q SUH
(m3/s)

0.000
0.500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
3.000
3.500
4.000
4.500
5.000
5.500

0.000
0.125
0.202
0.122
0.069
0.055
0.041
0.027
0.014
0.000

0.5

SUH Convolution
1.0
1.5

10.0

70.0

0.000
1.253
2.024
1.224
0.687
0.550
0.412
0.275
0.137
0.000
0.000

30.0

0.000
8.769
14.167
8.571
4.811
3.849
2.886
1.924
0.962
0.000
0.000

0.000
3.758
6.072
3.673
2.062
1.649
1.237
0.825
0.412
0.000

Volume

Total (mm) (m3)

110.0

0.000
1.253
10.792
19.149
15.330
9.034
6.323
4.811
3.299
1.787
0.412
0.000

Total Volum (m3)

C. Area (km2)
DRO (mm)
DRO/RE (%)

0
1,127
10,841
26,948
31,031
21,927
13,821
10,020
7,299
4,577
1,979
371
129,570
1.200
107.98
98.16%

30.0

0.0
Reff
10.0
70.0
30.0

25.0

50.0

20.0

100.0

15.0

150.0

10.0

200.0

5.0

250.0

0.0
0.000

R (mm)

Q (jm3/s)

Total

300.0
0.500

1.000

1.500

2.000

2.500

3.000

3.500

4.000

4.500

5.000

5.500

6.000

T (Hour)

Figure 5 : Superposition process of flood hydrograph from Triangular SUH

3.2.

Flood Hydrograph of Cibatarua Watersheed

The second example application of ITB method is computation flood Hydrograph of Cibatarua River.
The resulting flood hydrographs were compared with the results of Snyder-Alexeyev (Cp=0.62),
Nakayasu ( = 1.7), Limantara and GAMA-1 method. Input requirement for each methods are shown
in Table 3. Calculation procedure for generating ITB-1 and ITB-2 SUH are shown in Table 5 and
Table 6. In this example, time lag for ITB-1 SUH was calculated using Snyder method, while for ITB-2
time lag was calculated using Nakayasu formula.
The incremental rainfall excess shown in Table 4 used to generate the storm hydrograph was
obtained by subtracting the incremental infiltration from the rainfall. Furthermore, the storm hydrograph
was derived from a multiperiod of rainfall excess called hydrograph convolution. It involves multiplying
the unit hydrograph ordinates by incremental rainfall excess, adding and lagging in a sequence to
produce a resulting storm hydrograph. This process is shown in Table 7 and Table 8.
Comparison of flood discharge of Cibatarua River calculated by ITB-1, ITB-2, Nakayasu, SnyderAlexeyev, Limantara and GAMA-1 as well as software HEC-HMS results are shown in Figure 6. This
figure show that the results of SUH ITB-1 is very close to the resukys of Snyner-Alexeyev and HECHMS, while the ITB-2 SUH are very close to the method Nakayasu. This example results show that,
although input data required by ITB-1 and ITB-2 SUH are simple and the calculation process is eassy,
but the final results agree well with other methods developed earlier.
Table 3 : Input requirement for each methods
Physical Data

A
L
Lc
A
L
A
L
S
J1
Js
L1
Ls
WL
WU
AU
A
L
n
S
A
L

Value
HSS Snyder Alexeyey
56.920
Catchment area
12.150
River Lenght
6.075
River Lenght from Centre to Outlet
HSS Nakayasu
Catchment area
56.920
12.150
River Lenght
HSS Gama-1
56.920
Catchment area
12.150
River Slope
0.080
River Lenght
63
Number of 1'st Order River
112
Number of River (all order)
75.310
First order river lenght
130.200
Over all River lenght (all Order)
9.700
Cathment Width at 0.25L
6.110
Cathment Width at 0.75L
20.900
CA Upstream of Centroid
HSS Limantara
56.920
Catchment area
12.150
River Lenght
River Roughness (Manning)
0.034
0.080
River Slope
HSS ITB-1 dan HSS ITB-2
56.920
Catchment area
12.150
River Lenght

Unit

Table 4 : Rainfall Excess and Infiltration

Non-Physical

Time

Reff (mm)

Inf (mm)

Total

1.000
2.000
3.000
4.000
5.000
6.000

55.400
16.100
11.700
9.200
7.200
5.700

89.267
23.202
16.276
12.957
10.942
9.564

178.534
46.405
32.552
25.914
21.884
19.129

km2
km
km

Ct
Cp

1.000
0.620

km2
km

1.700

Ct
Cp

1.000
1.000

km2
km
m/m
river
river
km
km
km
km
km2
km2
km

km2
km

400.0

0.0
Inf (mm)
Reff (mm)
ITB-1

350.0

ITB-2

100.0

Alexeyev (Cp=0.62)
Nakayasu ( = 1.70)

300.0

Gama-1
Limantara

200.0

300.0

R (mm)

Q (jm3/s)

200.0

HEC-HMS (Cp=0.62)

250.0

150.0
400.0
100.0
500.0
50.0

0.0
0.0

600.0
6.0

12.0

18.0

24.0

30.0

36.0

T (Jam)

Figure 6 : Comparison Results of ITB-1 SUH and ITB-2 SUH with the Results of SnyderAlexeyev (Cp=0.62), Nakayasu ( = 1.7), Limantara, GAMA-1 and HEC-HMS Results

Table 5 : ITB-1 SUH Calculation For

Cibatarua C.A (T.L Snyder)
I. Characteristic of Watershed and Rainfall Excess
1. River Name
=
Cibatarua
2. Cathment Area (A)
=
56.92
3. River Lenght (L)
=
12.15
4. Unit Rainfall Excess (R)
=
1.00
5. Unit Rainfall Duration (Tr)
=
1.00

Km
Km
mm
Hour

Table 6 : ITB-2 SUH Calculation For

Cibatarua C.A (T.L Nakayasu)
I. Characteristic of Watershed and Rainfall Excess
1. River Name
=
Cibatarua
2. Cathment Area (A)
=
56.92
3. River Lenght (L)
=
12.15
4. Unit Rainfall Excess (R)
=
1.00
5. Unit Rainfall Duration (Tr)
=
1.00

Km
Km
mm
Jam

II. Computation of Time Peak (Tp) and Time Base (Tb)

1. Time Coefficient (Ct)
=
1.00
2. Time Lag --> Snyder
2
LC = 0.5*L
=
6.075 km
n
TL = Ct(LxLC)
=
3.634 Hour
Te = tp/5.5
=
0.661 Hour
TP = TL+0.25(Tr-Te) Te > Tr
4.134 Hour
TP = TL+0.50Tr
Te < Tr
3. Time to Peak
Tp =
=
4.134 Hour
4. Time Base
TB/TP
=
10 (Ratio TB/TP)
TB
=
41.34 Hour

II. Computation of Time Peak (Tp) and Time Base (Tb)

1. Time Coefficient (Ct)
=
1.00
2. Time Lag --> Nakayasu
1
0.7
TL = Ct*0.21*L
< 15 km
1.206 Hour
= Ct*(0.527 + 0.058*L)
15 km
TP = 1.6 TL
=
1.930 Hour
3. Time to Peak
Tp =
=
1.930 Hour
4. Time Base
TB/TP
=
20 (Ratio TB/TP)
TB
=
38.60 Hour

III. Peak Discharge (QP)

1. Peak Coefficient (Cp)
2. Alpha
3. Area of SUH (Sum Col-4 Part IV)
4. Qp = 1/(3.6Tp)*(ADAS/ASUH)
5. Rainfall Volum (=R*ACA*1000)
6. Vol. of SUH (VSUH) Sum of Col 6
7. DRO Depth (VSUH/ACA/1000)

III. Peak Discharge (QP)

1. Peak Coefficient (Cp)
2. Alpha
3. Betha
4. Area of SUH (Sum Col-4 Part IV)
5. Qp = 1/(3.6Tp)*(ADAS/ASUH)
6. Rainfall Vol. (=R*ACA*1000)
7. Vol. of SUH (VSUH) Sum of Col 6
8. DRO Depth (VSUH/ACA/1000)

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

1.000
1.500
1.613
2.370
56,920
56,920
1.000

m3/s
m3
m3
mm

IV. Computatuion of ITB-1 SUH :

SUH
t=T/Tp
(2)
0.00000
0.24187
0.48374
0.72561
0.96748
1.00000
1.20936
1.45123
1.69310
1.93497
2.17684
2.41871
2.66058
2.90245
3.14432
3.38620
3.62807
3.86994
4.11181
4.35368
4.59555
4.83742
5.07929
5.32116
5.56303
5.80491
6.04678
6.28865
6.53052
6.77239
7.01426
7.25613
7.49800
7.73987
7.98175
8.22362
8.46549
8.70736
8.94923
9.19110
9.43297
9.67484
9.91671
10.15859
10.40046
10.64233
10.88420

T
(hour)
(1)
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
4.13
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
11.00
12.00
13.00
14.00
15.00
16.00
17.00
18.00
19.00
20.00
21.00
22.00
23.00
24.00
25.00
26.00
27.00
28.00
29.00
30.00
31.00
32.00
33.00
34.00
35.00
36.00
37.00
38.00
39.00
40.00
41.00
42.00
43.00
44.00
45.00
Remark
Col-1
Col-2
Col-3
Col-4
Col-5
Col-6

:
:
:
:

(dimensionless)
SUH (dimensionalised)
q=Q/Qp
A
Q(m3/s)
V(m3)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.0000
0.02831
0.00342
0.06711
120.7954
0.43760
0.05635
1.03725
1987.8489
0.85587
0.15643
2.02866
5518.6460
0.99836
0.22424
2.36641
7911.1317
1.00000
0.03249
2.37029
1146.1919
0.94709
0.20382
2.24488
7190.5209
0.81022
0.21252
1.92046
7497.6064
0.65338
0.17700
1.54870
6244.4931
0.50780
0.14043
1.20364
4954.2235
0.38507
0.10798
0.91273
3809.4690
0.28701
0.08128
0.68030
2867.4530
0.21126
0.06026
0.50075
2125.8966
0.15405
0.04418
0.36514
1558.6070
0.11152
0.03212
0.26434
1133.0651
0.08028
0.02320
0.19028
818.3158
0.05752
0.01667
0.13635
587.9357
0.04107
0.01192
0.09734
420.6509
0.02923
0.00850
0.06929
299.9368
0.02075
0.00604
0.04919
213.2601
0.01470
0.00429
0.03485
151.2732
0.01040
0.00304
0.02464
107.0893
0.00734
0.00215
0.01740
75.6814
0.00518
0.00151
0.01227
53.4067
0.00365
0.00107
0.00864
37.6401
0.00257
0.00075
0.00608
26.4988
0.00180
0.00053
0.00427
18.6371
0.00127
0.00037
0.00300
13.0967
0.00089
0.00026
0.00211
9.1963
0.00062
0.00018
0.00148
6.4531
0.00044
0.00013
0.00104
4.5255
0.00031
0.00009
0.00073
3.1720
0.00021
0.00006
0.00051
2.2222
0.00015
0.00004
0.00036
1.5561
0.00011
0.00003
0.00025
1.0892
0.00007
0.00002
0.00017
0.7621
0.00005
0.00002
0.00012
0.5331
0.00004
0.00001
0.00009
0.3728
0.00003
0.00001
0.00006
0.2606
0.00002
0.00001
0.00004
0.1821
0.00001
0.00000
0.00003
0.1273
0.00001
0.00000
0.00002
0.0889
0.00001
0.00000
0.00001
0.0621
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.0255
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.0000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.0000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.0000
Area SUH 1.6134085 Vol (m3)
56920.000
DRO (mm)
1.000

Given Time Interval (Hour) Ti =Ti-1 + Tr

Dimensionless Time t=T/Tp Kolom-1 /Tp
Dimensionless Ordinate q=Q/Qp from ITB-1 Equation Curve
Area of SUH Ai= (ti-ti-1) (qi + qi-1) (dimensionless)

: Sum of Column-4 = ASUH (Important for Computing Qp)

: Dimensionalised Qi Qi = qi Qp (Kolom 3 x Qp)
: Area of SUH (m3) Ai= 3600 x (Ti-Ti-1) (Qi + Qi-1)
: Sum of Column-6 (VSUH) if divided by ACA shoild be = 1

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
==

1.000
2.500
1.000
1.359
6.028
56,920
56,920
1.000

m3/s
m3
m3
mm

IV. Computatuion of ITB-2 SUH :

HSS
t=T/Tp
(2)
0.00000
0.51815
1.00000
1.03630
1.55446
2.07261
2.59076
3.10891
3.62707
4.14522
4.66337
5.18152
5.69967
6.21783
6.73598
7.25413
7.77228
8.29043
8.80859
9.32674
9.84489
10.36304
10.88120
11.39935
11.91750
12.43565
12.95380
13.47196
13.99011
14.50826
15.02641
15.54457
16.06272
16.58087
17.09902
17.61717
18.13533
18.65348
19.17163
19.68978
20.20793
20.72609
21.24424
21.76239
22.28054
22.79870
23.31685

T (jam)
(1)
0.00
1.00
1.93
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
11.00
12.00
13.00
14.00
15.00
16.00
17.00
18.00
19.00
20.00
21.00
22.00
23.00
24.00
25.00
26.00
27.00
28.00
29.00
30.00
31.00
32.00
33.00
34.00
35.00
36.00
37.00
38.00
39.00
40.00
41.00
42.00
43.00
44.00
45.00
Remark
Col-1
Col-2
Col-3
Col-4
Col-5
Col-6

:
:
:
:

Tak berdimensi
HSS berdimensi
q=Q/Qp
A
Q(m3/s)
V(m3)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.0000
0.19326
0.05007
1.16501
2097.0267
1.00000
0.28749
6.02821
12040.6104
0.96435
0.03566
5.81328
1493.4139
0.57438
0.39865
3.46251
16696.4199
0.34211
0.23744
2.06234
9944.7238
0.20377
0.14143
1.22837
5923.2777
0.12137
0.08424
0.73164
3528.0234
0.07229
0.05017
0.43578
2101.3618
0.04306
0.02988
0.25956
1251.6134
0.02565
0.01780
0.15460
745.4861
0.01528
0.01060
0.09208
444.0265
0.00910
0.00631
0.05485
264.4711
0.00542
0.00376
0.03267
157.5243
0.00323
0.00224
0.01946
93.8247
0.00192
0.00133
0.01159
55.8839
0.00115
0.00079
0.00690
33.2856
0.00068
0.00047
0.00411
19.8255
0.00041
0.00028
0.00245
11.8085
0.00024
0.00017
0.00146
7.0334
0.00014
0.00010
0.00087
4.1892
0.00009
0.00006
0.00052
2.4952
0.00005
0.00004
0.00031
1.4862
0.00003
0.00002
0.00018
0.8852
0.00002
0.00001
0.00011
0.5272
0.00001
0.00001
0.00007
0.3140
0.00001
0.00000
0.00004
0.1870
0.00000
0.00000
0.00002
0.1114
0.00000
0.00000
0.00001
0.0664
0.00000
0.00000
0.00001
0.0395
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.0235
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.0140
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.0084
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.0050
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.0030
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.0018
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.0011
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.0006
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.0004
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.0002
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.0001
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.0000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.0000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.0000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.0000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.0000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.0000
Area SUH 1.3590380 Vol (m3)
56920.000
DRO (mm)
1.000

Given Time Interval (Hour) Ti =Ti-1 + Tr

Dimensionless Time t=T/Tp Kolom-1 /Tp
Dimensionless Ordinate q=Q/Qp from ITB-2 Equation Curve
Area of SUH Ai= (ti-ti-1) (qi + qi-1) (dimensionless)

: Sum of Column-4 = ASUH (Important for Computing Qp)

: Dimensionalised Qi Qi = qi Qp (Kolom 3 x Qp)
: Area of SUH (m3) Ai= 3600 x (Ti-Ti-1) (Qi + Qi-1)
: Sum of Column-6 (VSUH) if divided by ACA shoild be = 1

Table 7 : Superposition of ITB-1 SUH

Time
(hour)

ITB-1
SUH

0.0
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
11.00
12.00
13.00
14.00
15.00
16.00
17.00
18.00
19.00
20.00
21.00
22.00
23.00
24.00
25.00
26.00
27.00
28.00
29.00
30.00
31.00
32.00
33.00
34.00
35.00
36.00
37.00
38.00
39.00
40.00
41.00
42.00
43.00
44.00
45.00
46.00
47.00
48.00
49.00
50.00

0.00
0.07
1.04
2.03
2.37
2.24
1.92
1.55
1.20
0.91
0.68
0.50
0.37
0.26
0.19
0.14
0.10
0.07
0.05
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

1
55.40
0.00
3.72
57.46
112.39
131.10
124.37
106.39
85.80
66.68
50.57
37.69
27.74
20.23
14.64
10.54
7.55
5.39
3.84
2.73
1.93
1.37
0.96
0.68
0.48
0.34
0.24
0.17
0.12
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

Hydrograph Convolution
2
3
4
5
16.10 11.70
9.20
7.20
0.00
1.08
16.70
32.66
38.10
36.14
30.92
24.93
19.38
14.69
10.95
8.06
5.88
4.26
3.06
2.20
1.57
1.12
0.79
0.56
0.40
0.28
0.20
0.14
0.10
0.07
0.05
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.79
12.14
23.74
27.69
26.27
22.47
18.12
14.08
10.68
7.96
5.86
4.27
3.09
2.23
1.60
1.14
0.81
0.58
0.41
0.29
0.20
0.14
0.10
0.07
0.05
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
0.62
9.54
18.66
21.77
20.65
17.67
14.25
11.07
8.40
6.26
4.61
3.36
2.43
1.75
1.25
0.90
0.64
0.45
0.32
0.23
0.16
0.11
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

6
5.70

0.00
0.48
0.00
7.47
0.38
14.61
5.91
17.04 11.56
16.16 13.49
13.83 12.80
11.15 10.95
8.67
8.83
6.57
6.86
4.90
5.20
3.61
3.88
2.63
2.85
1.90
2.08
1.37
1.51
0.98
1.08
0.70
0.78
0.50
0.55
0.35
0.39
0.25
0.28
0.18
0.20
0.13
0.14
0.09
0.10
0.06
0.07
0.04
0.05
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Vol Hydrograf
Cathment Area
Direct Run Off
Rasio DRO/RE

Total
105.300
0.00
3.72
58.54
129.87
176.51
196.23
196.74
185.27
163.34
135.38
107.34
82.54
62.14
46.07
33.78
24.55
17.73
12.74
9.11
6.50
4.62
3.27
2.32
1.64
1.16
0.81
0.57
0.40
0.28
0.20
0.14
0.10
0.07
0.05
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
m3
km2
mm
%

Table 8 : Superposition of ITB-2 SUH

Vol Hyd
(m3)

Time
(hour)

ITB-2
SUH

0.0
6692.1
112071.6
339150.7
551496.0
670932.8
707335.3
687617.5
627501.7
537701.9
436897.7
341787.0
260434.1
194786.2
143730.6
104993.5
76107.9
54838.5
39324.6
28090.8
20002.7
14206.0
10067.0
7120.6
5028.5
3546.2
2497.9
1757.6
1235.6
867.9
609.2
427.4
299.6
209.9
147.0
102.9
72.0
50.4
35.2
24.6
17.2
12.0
7.4
3.9
2.2
1.2
0.5
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
6E+06
56.92
105.23
99.9%

0.0
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
11.00
12.00
13.00
14.00
15.00
16.00
17.00
18.00
19.00
20.00
21.00
22.00
23.00
24.00
25.00
26.00
27.00
28.00
29.00
30.00
31.00
32.00
33.00
34.00
35.00
36.00
37.00
38.00
39.00
40.00
41.00
42.00
43.00
44.00
45.00
46.00
47.00
48.00
49.00
50.00

0.00
1.17
5.81
3.46
2.06
1.23
0.73
0.44
0.26
0.15
0.09
0.05
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

1
55.40
0.00
64.54
322.1
191.82
114.25
68.05
40.53
24.14
14.38
8.56
5.10
3.04
1.81
1.08
0.64
0.38
0.23
0.14
0.08
0.05
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

Hydrograph Convolution
2
3
4
5
16.10 11.70
9.20
7.20
0.00
18.76
93.59
55.75
33.20
19.78
11.78
7.02
4.18
2.49
1.48
0.88
0.53
0.31
0.19
0.11
0.07
0.04
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
13.63
68.02
40.51
24.13
14.37
8.56
5.10
3.04
1.81
1.08
0.64
0.38
0.23
0.14
0.08
0.05
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.00
10.72
53.48
31.86
18.97
11.30
6.73
4.01
2.39
1.42
0.85
0.50
0.30
0.18
0.11
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

6
5.70

Total

105.300
0.00
64.54
340.81
299.05
0.00
248.7
8.39
0.00
203.64
41.86
6.64
164.79
24.93 33.14 127.33
14.85 19.74
75.84
8.84
11.76
45.17
5.27
7.00
26.91
3.14
4.17
16.03
1.87
2.48
9.55
1.11
1.48
5.69
0.66
0.88
3.39
0.39
0.52
2.02
0.24
0.31
1.20
0.14
0.19
0.72
0.08
0.11
0.43
0.05
0.07
0.25
0.03
0.04
0.15
0.02
0.02
0.09
0.01
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Vol Hydrograf
m3
Cathment Area
km2
Direct Run Off
mm
Rasio DRO/RE
%

Vol Hyd
(m3)
0.0
116175.3
729637.8
1151747.9
986005.6
814266.9
663169.4
525822.0
365714.9
217827.2
129742.3
77277.1
46027.8
27415.1
16329.0
9725.9
5792.9
3450.4
2055.1
1224.1
729.1
434.3
258.7
154.1
91.8
54.7
32.6
19.4
11.5
6.9
4.1
2.4
1.5
0.9
0.5
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6E+06
56.92
103.50
98.3%

4. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This research is supported through Capacity Building Reseach Program 2010, funded by Institute of
Technology Bandung.

5. CONCLUSION
A new procedure for determining a SUH based on mass concervation principle has been derived. Its
application on development of ITB-1 and ITB-2 SUH shows that, despite its simplicity on input data
and overall calculation process, the final results agree well with other methods developed earlier.

6. REFFERENCES
1) Natakusumah D.K, (2009), Prosedure Umum Penentuan Hidrograf Satuan Sintetis Untuk
Perhitungan Hidrograph Banjir Rencana, Water Resources Conference, Bandung, 11 August,
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