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Dislocation movement
and its consequences
in crystalline solids
Recap
Two important factors that governs the
stress required to move the dislocations
in solids:
1> Width of dislocation
2> Magnitude of Burgers vector
Effect of temperature on
dislocation motion
Temperature
( PN a )
A exp(
)
RT
.
Effect of temperature on
dislocation motion
Higher temperature makes the dislocation motion easier
Yield stress
Fe
Al2O3
Si
18-8 SS
Ni
Fig. 11.8
Cu
T/Tm
0.7
Experimental Result
Dislocation Density of a crystal actually
goes up
Well-annealed crystal: 1010 m-2
Lightly cold-worked: 1012 m-2
Heavily cold-worked:
1016 m-2
Dislocation Sources
Symposium on
Plastic Deformation of Crystalline Solids
Pittsburgh, 1950
P
b
A
b
B
b / L
b
b
Fig. 11.9
http://zig.onera.fr/~douin/index.html
Si Single Crystal
Recipe for
strength
Remove the dislocation:
Possible but Impractical
Alternative:
Strengthening Mechanisms
Strain hardening or work hardening or
dislocation hardening
Grain refinement or grain size strengthening
Solid solution hardening
Precipitation hardening or age hardening
sy
Strain,
plastic deformation is causing increase in yield strength of the crystal due to
strain hardening or work hardening