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Lecture 33

Dislocation movement
and its consequences
in crystalline solids

Recap
Two important factors that governs the
stress required to move the dislocations
in solids:
1> Width of dislocation
2> Magnitude of Burgers vector

Effect of temperature on
dislocation motion

Slip motion of dislocation is assisted by


combined efforts
1. The applied stress: provides direction
2.Thermal energy: provides random jumps
Thermally activated process

Temperature

( PN a )
A exp(
)
RT
.

Similar to Arrhenius relation

Effect of temperature on
dislocation motion
Higher temperature makes the dislocation motion easier

Yield stress

Fe

Al2O3

Si

18-8 SS
Ni

Fig. 11.8
Cu

T/Tm

0.7

Given that the dislocation has a tendency to leave the


crystal: During plastic deformation dislocation density
of a crystal should go down

Experimental Result
Dislocation Density of a crystal actually
goes up
Well-annealed crystal: 1010 m-2
Lightly cold-worked: 1012 m-2

Heavily cold-worked:

1016 m-2

Dislocation Sources

F.C. Frank and W.T. Read

Symposium on
Plastic Deformation of Crystalline Solids
Pittsburgh, 1950

Frank Read source

We know that real


dislocations inside the
crystals are mixed in
nature, they are
curvilinear lines not
a straight line

P
b
A
b
B

Stress required to operate a


Frank-Read source

b / L

Where L is the length of Frank-Read source


http://zig.onera.fr/~douin/index.html

b
b

Fig. 11.9

http://zig.onera.fr/~douin/index.html

Si Single Crystal

Recipe for
strength
Remove the dislocation:
Possible but Impractical
Alternative:

Make the dislocation motion


DIFFICULT

Strengthening Mechanisms
Strain hardening or work hardening or
dislocation hardening
Grain refinement or grain size strengthening
Solid solution hardening
Precipitation hardening or age hardening

Strain Hardening or Work hardening


sy

sy

Strain,
plastic deformation is causing increase in yield strength of the crystal due to
strain hardening or work hardening

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