Reviewer in Distillation

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

Overall separation achieved between the distillate and the bottoms depends primarily on
a.

Relative volatilities

c. Number of trays

b.

Components

d. Ratio of Liquid/Vapor Flow rate

Describe the extent to which the performances of an actual contact tray duplicate the performance of
equilibrium stage.
a.

Number of Trays

b.

Tray Efficiency

c. Theoretical Trays
d. None

Separation of components is derived from energy requirements needed by the column, temperature is thus
being highest at the ____ of the column.
a.

Bottom

b.

Top

c. Middle
d. Feed

Takes energy from inter-condenser and uses shaft work to elevate the energy to a temperature high
enough to transfer to the inter-reboiler
a.

Compressor

c. Heat Pump

b.

Heat Duty

d. Condenser

The rectifying section may be operated at a pressure sufficiently _______ to that of the stripping section
such that heat can be transferred between any desired pairs of stages of the two sections.
a.

Lower

c. Equal

b.

Higher

d. None

Send all the light and heavy components to the distillate and bottoms respectively, but allows the
components of the intermediate volatility to split between the distillate and bottoms
a.

Demethanator

c. Multiple Distillation

b.

Prefractionator

d. Single Stage Distillation

Which statement is not true for simple and complex distillation:

a.

Both rectifying and stripping sections are provided so that separation can be achieved between
two components that are adjacent in volatility

b.

Separation is affected by addition and removal of energy

c.

Separation is also affected by the addition of any mass separating agent such as liquid-liquid
extraction

d.

Both a and c

Single stage distillation process is utilized when

a.

Relative volatility of the two components separated is large

b.

Recovery of only one component

c.

Only Partial separation is to be made

d.

All of the above

Type of distillation used when the volatility difference between two components to be separated is so small
that a very large number of stages would be required.
a.

Extractive Distillation

c. Single Flash Distillation

b.

Multiple Stage Distillation

d. Azeotropic Distillation

10. Exhibit a constant composition by crossing over the x= y 45degree line which boils at lower temperature
than either of its pure components.
a.

Min Boiling Point Azeotrope

a. Min Freezing Point Azeotrope

b.

Max Boiling Point Azeotrope

b. Max Freezing Point Azeotrope

11. The ratio of the fugacity of the of component i at particular condition to the fugacity of i at standard state.
a.

Activity

b.

Volatility

c. Compressibility
d. Azeotrope

12. When the heat load or duty of the condenser is exactly equal to the latent heat or dew point of the
overhead vapor from the distillation column is called
a.

Saturated Bubble Point

c. Superheated Point

b.

Saturated Critical Point

d. None

13. Bubble point temperature of the feed mixture is the temperature at which the first bubble of vapor occur
when the V/F ratio is equal to
a.

Zero

c. Infinity

b.

One

d. Doubled

14. Defined as the ratio which if decreased by an infinitesimal amount would require an infinite number of
stages to accomplish a specified separation between two components
a.

Maximum Reflux

c. Boil-up Ratio

b.

Minimum Reflux

d. Theoretical Stages

15. Method that utilize chemical reaction to modify the composition of the mixture or use existing vapor-liquid
differences between reaction products and reactants to enhance reaction performance
a.

Reactive Distillation

c. Azeotropic Distillation

b.

Extractive Distillation

d. Pressure-Swing Distillation

16. An equimolal mixture of benzene and toluene is subjected to a simple batch distillation at atmospheric
pressure. = 2.55. if the distillation is discontinued when the mols of distillate amount of 60% of the mols
charged, calculate: The concentration of the distillate, The concentration of the liquid left in the still, The
amount of benzene in the distillate, expressed as percentage amount of benzene in the charge.
17. A liquid under pressure containing 50 mol percent benzene and 50 mol % of toluene is continuously
throttled to a pressure of 1 atm. The temperature after throttling is found to be 96.5C.
a.

What percent of the mixture is vapor after throttle valve?

b.

If the pressure before throttling was sufficiently high so that no vapor was present, what was the
temperature of this liquid before throttling?

DATA: Vapor Pressures in mmHg

Temperature, C

90

94.6

96.5

99.2

104.6

Vapor Pressure of Benzene

1008

1148

1211

1308

1503

Vapor Pressure of Toluene

404

469

499

543

637

The average molal heat capacity of the liquid is 36gm cal/mg mol-C and the latent heat of vaporization of
the liquid at 96.5C may be taken as 7100gm cal/gm mol. Assume adiabatic operation of the throttling
valve, and that no heat is conducted across the valve. Neglect kinetic energy changes.
18. It is proposed to distill continuously a colution containing 10mol% ammonia and 90 mol% water to produce
a distillate containing 28mol% ammonia. Per 100 mols of feed, calculate the mols of distillate obtainable by
each of the two process describe below.
a.

Continuous simple distillation without reflux

b.

Continuous distillation in a stripping column containing one perfect bubble cap plate and a still

DATA: In each case the feeed enters as liquid at the boiling point, the still is heated by steam condensing in
a closed steam coil, and the residue is continuously withdrawn from the still. At equilibrium, the mol
fraction of ammonia in vapor is 6.3 times that in a liquid; y=6.3x.
19. From a still containing 156 lbs of benzene and 736 lbs of toluene, distillation is carried out until the boiling
point of the residue has risen to 106C. Calculate the pounds of benzene and toluene distillate and residue.
20. A continuous benzene-tolune stripping column is delivering 100lb mols of saturated vapor per hour to a
rectifying column, receiving a liquid 12.5mol % from the bottom plate of the latter. The final product is
99mol% benzene taken off at a reflux ratio L/D = 9:1. What is the composition of the reflux to the bottom
plate of the rectifying column if Xn=0.125 & Yn=0.249?
21. Glycerin is steam distilled at 182C under 26 in vacuum. A test shows a steam consumption of 1lb/lb of
glycerin distilled. What percentage excess steam referred to that theoretically needed is actually used?
DATA: Vapor pressure of glycerin at 182C is 21mmHg.
22. It is planned to feed continuously 100gm-mols per hour of a solution containing 80gm-mols of A and 20gmmols of B to an externally fired kettle by which there is a good agitation due to boiling. The residue and
vapor will be withdrawn continuously, the vapor condensed, cooled and sent to storage. There is no return
of residue or condensate to kettle, hence, this will be continuous simple distillation. It is planned to
regulate the heat supply that D grams of distillate per hour will contain 72 gram mols of the more volatile
component A which is five times more volatile than B. calculate the mols of distillate per hundred mols of
feed; the mol fraction of A in the distillate and mol fraction of A in the residue.
23. Calculate the composition of the vapor in equilibrium with a liquid mixture of benzene, toluene and water
at 83.2 deg C and absolute pressure of one atmosphere. Assume Daltons law applies to benzene and
toluene and that these compounds are insoluble in water. At 83.2 C the vapor pressure of the pure
compounds are:
Water ---------------------- 404 mmHg
Benzene ------------------ 803 mmHg
Toluene ------------------- 323 mmHg
24. A mixture containing 0.70 mol fraction a and 0.30 mol fraction b is subjected to a simple batch distillation
until the instantaneous composition of the vapors leaving becomes 0.60 mol fraction a. if the relative
volatility for this mixture is constant at ab=1.5, estimate the average composition of the total distillate
collected.
25. A mixture of 50% toluene and 50% ethylene dichloride is distilled continuously in a column, the bottom
product being 96% toluene and the top product 98% ethylene dichloride. The bottom of the column
contains a reboiler where the level may change. The liquid in this reboiler is of the bottoms composition.
On the basis of 100 mole of feed, calculate the amount for the two streams discharged during a period
when there is an accumulation of 5 mole of material in the reboiler.
26. In a distillation column for separating phenol and water, if the feed is less than 1.68%m phenol, top vapor
composition will not be greater than 1.92% phenol, because of the formation of the azeotrope(constant
boiling mixture). Upon condensation, if the average composition is between 1.68 and 1.92%, the top vapor
separates into two layers at 20C. One layer, containing 1.68% phenol is fed back to the column as reflux.
The other, containing 33.1% phenol is removed for further processing. If 100 mole of the solution of 1%
phenols and 99% of water is fed to a column per hour, the bottoms contain 0.1% phenol, and the average
top-vapor composition(before condensation) is 1.9%, how many moles are returned as reflux per hour?