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Question 3 (2 points)
Energy and power
A voltage signal is given by x(t) = 4 (r(t + 1) 2r(t) + r(t 2) + 1).
Which of the following statements is correct?
a) x(t) is a power signal, its power equals 16 Watt
b) x(t) is an energy signal, its energy equals 64 Joule
c) x(t) is a power signal, its power equals 8 Watt
d) x(t) is neither an energy nor a power signal
Question 4 (2 points)
Systems, time domain
2
Rt
x()d.
+
ty(t)
=
A system H is given by: 4 d y2 + 5 dy
dt
dt
10
Xs (f )
spectrum I
200
200
200
50
30
10
200
200
50
30
50
30
50
30
Xs (f )
100
100
30
10
spectrum III
50
10
spectrum II
50
10
30
100
10
Xs (f )
200
10
10
Question 7 (2 points)
Sampling
A signal x(t) = 4sinc(6t) cos2 (20t) needs to be sampled.
Which of the following statements is correct?
a) This signal cannot be sampled
b) The signal needs to be sampled with at least 23 Hz in order to be able to reconstruct the
original signal from its samples
c) The Nyquist rate of this signal equals 40 Hz
d) None of the other answers is correct.
Question 8 (2 points)
Power-level
Doubling the power of a signal, expressed in Watt, corresponds to
a) Adding 2 dB in terms of dBW
b) Adding 3 dB in terms of dBW
c) Adding 10 dB in terms of dBW
d) Adding 20 dB in terms of dBW
Question 9 (2 points)
Quantization
The light-sensor of the StudioClassRoom practical delivers a voltage to the A/D-convertor, in
the range [0.0, 5.0] Volt.
The A/D-convertor uses a binary representation of the signal-level, and uses 10 bits to quantize
the incoming signal.
What is the maximum quantization error?
a) 2.4 103 Volt
b) 4.9 103 Volt
d) Decreases by a factor of 2
Question 11 (2 points)
Signal power - to - noise power ratio
A sensor provides through a wire an on-off voltage signal to the flight-instrumentation computer. For instance, it represents the landing-gear in and out status.
The null-state Ho is that the landing-gear is locked-away, and the sensor provides a zero amplitude signal.
The on-state H1 is that the landing-gear is engaged, and the sensor provides a DC-signal with
amplitude A Volt.
The flight-instrumentation computer receives the transmitted signal (either zero amplitude, or
amplitude A), plus in both cases just ordinary noise.
Random variable y represents the observable voltage at the computer. Hence Ho : y = e and
H1 : y = A + e, and the variance of the noise e is 2 .
Suppose that the landing-gear is activated (state H1 ), and consider the observed signal y over a
1 second duration. What is the Signal power-to-noise power?
A
2
b)
A2
2
c)
d)
A2
2
Question 12 (2 points)
Signal detection probabilities
For the sensor of the previous question, suppose that the decision at the computer, between
landing-gear is in (Ho ), and out (H1 ), is taken using a threshold voltage of A2 (thus y < A2
yields decision in, and y A2 yields decision out).
With A = 5 and 2 = 4, what is the probability of missed detection, i.e. the gear is in fact out,
but in the cockpit it is decided that it is not?
a) 0.0071
b) 0.0228
c) 0.1056
d) 0.2643
Open Questions
Note For each question, please carefully show how you arrived at your result. Include comments
whenever possible, or needed, as if you are explaining what you are doing to a fellow student.
Question 13 (7 points)
Fourier Series
Consider the triangular wave form, defined by:
4t ) :
A(1 + T
0
:
x(t) =
4t
A(1
T ) :
T20 t < 0,
0t<
T0
,
2
and periodically extended outside this interval (i.e., x(t) = x(t + T0 ) for all t).
For your convenience, the figure below shows what this signal looks like in time. It has amplitude A and repeats itself every T0 seconds.
x(t)
A
T0
2
T20
A
T0