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CHEMYSTERY
PRECIPITATION
REACTIONS
JANUARY 2015 PHILIPPINES FREE
NQDR
12272014
PRECIPITATION
REACTIONS
Find out how a
precipitation occurs
as well as the
different factors
affecting it
SOLUBILITY RULES
IONIC EQUATIONS
[1]
CHEMYSTERY
January 2015
CONTENTS
3
GuideCard
16 IonicEquations
PrecipitationReactions:
17 NetIonicEquations
FactorsthatAffectPrecipitation Rxn
18 Activity6:ThatsSoIonic
19 4Pics1Word
SolubilityRules!
20 Crossword
Precipitation Reactions
10 Act.2:WhatstheMysteryWord?
21 EnrichmentCard
Solubility Rules
11 HowtoDetermineSolubility
23 AssessmentCard
Molecular Equations
12 Activity3: MatchMe!
24 QuickNotes
13 MoleculeSchmolecule
27 References
14 Activity4:WhatAmI?
28 AnswerCards
Ionic Equations
Spectator Ions
15 Activity5:BalanceMe!
[2]
SPECIAL POINTS OF
INTEREST:
CHEMYSTERY
January 2015
WHATS INSIDE?
FIND ME
!
by determining
Discover the mystery word
or insoluble
if the compound is soluble
WHAT'S TWOHERD?
MYSTERY find
GUIDE CARD
ounds and
p
m
o
c
n
e
giv
Match the
rm
itate will fo
ip
c
e
r
p
a
out if
MATCH ME!
Identify the g
iven molecula
r
formulas
WHAT A
M I?
as
Balance molecular formul
BALANCE ME
Write the ionic and net
ionic equations of the
given molecular
THAT
S SO
formulas
I
ONIC
[3]
PRECIPITATION REACTIONS:
AN INTRODUCTION
[4]
Objectives:
This SIM has the following objectives:
Good luck
and have
fun learning
chemistry!
Solubility Chart
Polarity
A popular saying used for predicting
solubility is "Like dissolves like." This
statement indicates that a solute will dissolve
best in a solvent that has a similar chemical
structure; the ability for a solvent to dissolve
various com- pounds depends primarily on its
polarity. For example, a polar solute such as
sugar is very soluble in polar water, less
soluble in moderately polar methanol, and
practically insoluble in non-polar solvents
such as benzene. In contrast, a non-polar
solute such as naphthalene is insoluble in
water, moderately soluble in methanol, and
highly soluble in benzene.
[5]
KEY
POINTS:
[6]
To p r e d i c t w h e t h e r a
compound will be soluble in a
given solvent, remember the
saying, "Like dissolves like."
Highly polar ionic compounds
such as salt readily dissolve in
polar water, but do not readily
dissolve in non- polar solutions
such as benzene or
chloroform.
Locate and highlight all the words that are related to precipitation reactions. They can be
horizontal, vertical, diagonal or the other way around.
NOTE: There are 11 words hidden. Try to define them and there are also words written in shortcut for example,
equation = exn
[7]
Solubility Rules!
Guidelines for chemical compound solubility
Precipitation reactions usually involve ionic compounds, but only certain combinations of
electrolyte solutions result in the formation os a precipitate. Whether or not a precipitate
forms when two solutions are mixed depends on the solubility of the products.
In order to use these solubility rules, one first must understand the way that ions react. Most
precipitation reactions that occur are single replacement reactions or double replacement
reactions. A double replacement reaction occurs when two ionic reactants dissociate and
bond with the respective anion or cation from the other reactant. The ions replace each other
based on their charges as either a cation or an anion. This can be thought of as "switching
partners," that is, the two reactants "lose" their partner and form a bond with a different
partner:
CdSO4(aq)+K2S(aq)CdS(s)+K2SO4(aq)
[8]
Solubility Rules!
Guidelines for chemical compound solubility
In order to predict whether a precipitate will form in a reaction, the solubility of the
substances involved must be known. There are rules or guidelines determining solubility of
substances. If a substance involved is not soluble, the reaction forms a precipitate:
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[9]
E
H
T
S
WMHYATSTERY WORD ?
ACTIVITY NO. 2
s are
en compound
iv
g
e
th
er
is soluble
ing wheth
e compound
by d etermin
th
ow
er
el
h
b
et
h
es
w
ox
o n the b
luble.
you r an swer
rrect letter
pound is in so
based from
m
e
co
r
a
e
s
th
er
if
tt
Write the co
le
soluble and
soluble. The
compound is
soluble or in
e
th
if
. Pick
or in soluble
1. Zn(NO3)2
2. KNO3
3. AgSO4
4. Na3PO4
5. PbS
6. Ca(OH)2
7. CdS
8. CaCO3
9. Al(OH)3
10. CuS
[10]
2AgNO3+Na2SAg2S+2NaNO3
will not form. Next, consider Ag2S. According to Rule #5, that
sulfides tend to be in- soluble. Therefore, because of this
compound, a precipitate will form in the course of this
reaction.
A. AgNO3
AgNO3 contains the nitrate ion (NO3- ). According to the the solubility rules,
all compounds containing the nitrate ion are soluble.
B. CaSO4
CaSO4 contains the sulfate ion (SO42-) . According to the solubility rules
compounds containing the sulphate ion are soluble except for some cations
like Ca2+ Therefore, it is insoluble.
C. K2CO3
[11]
Remember
ACTIVITY NO. 3
match me!
Match the following compounds to form new compounds which form if the
solutions, as suggested by the following table, were mixed. Put a heart on
the compound that will precipitate from the following solutions.
[12]
molecule schmolecule
A Guide to Molecular Equations
Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2NaI(aq) > 2NaNO3(aq) + PbI2(s)
Based on this chemical equation, the metal cations seem to exchange anions. That is Pb2+ ion,
originally paired with NO3 ions, ends up paired with I ions; similarly, each Na+ ion, originally
paired with an I ion ends up with an NO3- ion. This equation, as written, is called a molecular
equation, which is a chemical equation written with all compounds represented by their
chemical formulas, making it look as though they exist in solution as molecules formula units.
[13]
ACTIVITY NO. 4
WHAT AM I?
if it is an unbalanced equation,
color/ shade
color/shade
1. CdSO4(aq)+K2S(aq)CdS(s)+K2SO4(aq)
[14]
ACTIVITY NO. 5
BALANCE ME!
Balance the following molecular equations. This activity will test your ability to balance
chemical reactions.
[15]
IONIC EQUATIONS
Although molecular equations are useful,
especially from the standpoint of knowing which
solutions to combine in the laboratory, they are in
a sense unrealistic. Soluble ionic compounds are
strong electrolytes. As such, they exist in solution as
hydrated ions, rather than as formula units. Thus, it
would be more realistic to represent the aqueous
species in the reaction of Na2SO4(aq) with Ba(OH)2 as
follows:
If we were to rewrite the equation, representing the dissolved compounds as hydrated ions,
it would be:
[16]
[17]
ACTIVITY NO.6
THATS SO IONIC
Complete the following chemical reactions then write
the complete ionic and net ionic equations for each of
the following reactions.
1. (NH4)2CO3 (aq) + Al(NO3)3 (aq) >
[18]
4 PICS 1 WORD
In this activity, you're shown 4 images as clues to the hidden word relating to the past lectures, and
you will have to guess the word that links them all
1. __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
3. __ __ __ __ __
2. __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
4. __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
5. __ __ __
[19]
__ __ __ __ __
CROSSWORD PUZZLE
ACROSS
1 When a substance can be
dissolved
2 A solid substance formed when
mixing liquid substances
3 Chemical Equation from which
spectator ions have been
removed
4 When a substance cannot be
dissolved anymore
DOWN
1 Rules indicating whether the
compound is soluble or
insoluble
2 A chemical reaction in which a
precipitate is form
3 An ion that does not
participate in the reaction and
appears on both the reactant
and product side
4 Chemical equation in which
all strong electrolyte are show
as ions
5 The maximum amount of
solute that will dissolve in a
given quantity of solvent
[20]
ENRICHMENT
CARD #1
riddle OR quiz
In this section you will be given a choice to answer a riddle or a question from our past discussions. For
example, if you cant answer the first question of the quiz, you can answer the first question of the riddle
instead, and proceed onto the second question of the quiz.
1. What do you call a tooth in a glass of
water?
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
[21]
ENRICHMENT
CARD #2
Using the solubility rules, predict if the following reactions will produce a
precipitation by writing P and write in the parentheses whether the
compound will be aqueous (aq) or solid (s).
S
U
O
E
U
Q
A
SOLID
[22]
ASSESSMENT
CARD
____ 1.
Potassium bromide
____ 2.
Lead(II) carbonate
____ 3.
Barium sulfate
____ 4.
Zinc hydroxide
____ 5.
Sodium acetate
________________________________________
____ 6.
Silver iodide
________________________________________
____ 7.
Cadmium(II) sulphide
____ 8.
Zinc carbonate
____ 9.
Silver acetate
________________________________________
________________________________________
Hg2(NO3)2(aq) + CuCl2(aq)
Hg2Cl2(s) + Cu(NO303)2(aq)
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
[23]
QUICK NOTES
Precipitation and Double Replacement
Reactions
In order to use these solubility rules, one first must understand the way that ions react.
Most precipitation reactions that occur are single replacement reactions or double
replacement reactions. A double replacement reaction occurs when two ionic
reactants dissociate and bond with the respective anion or cation from the other
reactant. The ions replace each other based on their charges as either a cation or an
anion. This can be thought of as "switching partners," that is, the tworeactants "lose"
their partner and form a bond with a different partner:
[24]
QUICK NOTES
Solubility Rules
Whether or not a reaction will form a precipitate is dictated by the solubility
rules.These rules provide us with the guidelines thattell which ions form solids and
which remain in their ionic form in aqueous solution. The rules are to be followed from
the top down, meaning that if something is insoluble (or soluble) due to rule 1, it has
precedence over a higher-numbered rule, for example rule 4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
If the rulesstate that an ion is soluble, then it will remain in its aqueous ion form. If an
ion is insoluble based on the solubility rules, then it will form a solid with an ion from
the other reactant in an equation. If all the ions in a reaction are shown to be soluble,
then no precipitation reaction occurs.
[25]
QUICK NOTES
Net Ionic Equations
To understand the definition of anet ionic equation, let's look back on the equation for the
double replacement reaction. Because this particular reaction is a precipitation reaction, we
can assign states of matter to each variable pair.
AB(aq) +CD(aq)AD(aq) +CB(s)
The first step to writing a net ionic equation is to separate the soluble (aqueous) reactants and
products into their respective cations and anions. Precipitates, as we know, do not dissociate
in water, so do not separate the solid into its ions. The resulting equation would looklike this:
A+(aq) +B-(aq) +C+(aq) +D-(aq)A+(aq) +D-(aq) +CB(s)
In the equation above, A+and D- ions are present on both sides of the equation. These are
calledspectator ionsbecause they remainunchanged throughout the reaction.Since they go
through the equation unchanged, theycan beeliminated to show thenet ionic equation:
C+(aq)+B-(aq)CB(s)
The net ionic equation only shows the precipitation reaction. A net ionic equation must be
balanced on both sides not only in terms of atoms of elements but also in terms of electric
charge. Precipitation reactions are usually represented solely by their net ionic equation. If all
products are aqueous, a net ionic equation cannot be written because all ions are cancelled
out as spectator ions. Therefore,no precipitationreaction occurs.
[26]
Rea
REFERENCES:
d M
ore
STUDENTS FEEDBACK
[27]
No
A little
YES!
ANSWER CARDS
NO PEEKING
[28]
ACTIVITY NO. 1
FIND ME!
[29]
ACTIVITY NO. 2
1. Zn(NO3)2
2. KNO3
3. AgSO4
4. Na3PO4
5. PbS
6. Ca(OH)2
7. CdS
8. CaCO3
9. Al(OH)3
10. CuS
I
I
[30]
ACTIVITY NO. 3
match me!
ACTIVITY NO. 4
WHAT AM I?
[31]
[32]
SO IONIC
2+
(aq) + Cu (s)Zn(s) and Zn (aq) are not the same. One is elemental while the
2+
other is a monoatomic ion. The same applies to Cu(s) and Cu (aq).
Net Ionic Equation:Zn (s) + Cu
2+
22+
2(aq) + SO4 (aq) --> Zn (aq) + SO4 (aq) + Cu (s)
2+
(aq) --> Zn
5. Na2CO3 (aq) + 2 HNO3 (aq) --> 2 NaNO3 (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)
Complete Ionic Equation:
+
2+
+
2 Na (aq) + CO3 (aq) + 2 H (aq) + 2 NO3 (aq) --> 2 Na (aq) + 2 NO3 (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)
2+
Net Ionic Equation: CO3 (aq) + 2 H (aq) --> H2O (l) + CO2 (g)
[33]
1. Precipitation
2. Solubility
3. Ionic Equation
4. Spectator
5. Net Ionic
[34]
Answers to quiz
1. Molar Solution
1. Molecular Equation
2. Nothing
2. Ionic Equation
4. Clock
5. Breath
5. Solvent
6. Envelope
6. Solubility
7. Stop Imagining.
8. Precipitation
9. A palm tree.
9. Precipitate
10. A ruler.
[35]
14-18.
Molecular Equation
3Zn(NO3)2(aq) + 2Na3PO4(aq)6NaNO3(aq) +
Zn3(PO4)2(s)
4. Insoluble
5. Soluble
6. Insoluble
7. Insoluble
8. Insoluble
9. Soluble
19-20.
10. Insoluble
Fe2(SO4)3 + 6HBr
Hg22+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq)Hg2Cl2(s)
[36]
STRATEGIC
INTERVENTION
MATERIALS
IN CHEMISTRY
Submitted By:
Submitted To:
Mr. Prudencio G.
Galsim Jr.
(Chemistry II Teacher)
[37]
CHEMYSTERY
All rights reserved
January 2015