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Culture Documents
A.AIJAZ MOOR
S.BHARTHIRAJA
M.S.HEMANTH KUMAR
R.MADHANAGOPAL
in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree
of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING
of
A.AIJAZ
MOOR
(113212107004),
S.BHARATHIRAJA
and
Dr.N.BHARATHI
Mr.C.V.DAYAKAR
HEAD OF THE
DEPARTMENT
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
Department of Electronics
and Instrumentation
Velammal Engineering
College
Department of Electronics
and Instrumentation.
Velammal Engineering
College
CERTIFICATE OF EVALUATION
COLLEGE NAME
TITLE OF THE
PROJECT
PROJECT GUIDE
1. AIJAZ MOOR.A
(113212107004)
2. BHARTHIRAJA.S
(113212107010)
3. HEMANTH KUMAR.M.S
(113212107025)
4. MADHANAGOPAL.R
AUTOMATION IN
PADDY
IRRIGATION
USING
PROGRAMMABLE
LOGIC
CONTROLLER
Mr.C.V.DAYAKAR
ASSISTANT
PROFESSOR
(113212107046)
The report of the project work submitted by the above students in the partial
fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of Engineering Degree in
ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING of
Anna University, Chennai was evaluated and confirmed to be the report of
the work done by the above students and then evaluated.
Submitted on
(INTERNAL EXAMINER)
(EXTERNAL EXAMINER)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We would like to express our gratitude to our beloved and respected
Chairman, Dr.M.V.Muthuramalingam for his kind encouragement and
blessing. We would like to express thanks to our Chief Executive Officer,
Thiru. M.V.M.Velmurugan for his guidance and support.
Our deepest gratitude to our Principal, Dr.N.Duraipandian who has been
the inspiring force for our entire endeavors during our Engineering course.
We wish to express our sincere thanks and gratitude to the Head of the
Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering Dr.N.Bharathi
who has been a guiding force and constant source of inspiration to us.
Our sincere gratitude and thanks to our beloved Internal Guide,
Mr.C.V.Dayakar ,Assistant professsor for having extended her fullest
co-operation and guidance in solving various intricacies involved in the project.
Our sincere thanks to our Project Coordinators, Mrs.Z.Brijet and
Mr.K.V.Kandasamy for their constant inspiration and perpetual support. We
also thank all the faculties of Department of Electronics and Instrumentation,
Velammal engineering college, for their valuable suggestions.
We also take this opportunity to thank all teaching and Non-teaching
Staff members of our department, parents and friends for their timely help and
support in the successful completion of our project.
ABSTRACT
Agriculture is the backbone of Indian Economy. Because without
agriculture living is impossible since agriculture produces the main source of
food for us. But in todays situation the availability of labour for carrying out
agricultural activities is rare. The automation in all kind of industries leads to
industrial growth. Here agricultural process is automated. In this proposed
system all the machines to work on its own with the help of inputs received from
the sensors which are monitoring the agricultural land round the clock and a
single person is enough to monitor whether everything going normal. The entire
process is controlled and monitored by programmable logic controller.
Agricultural process involves seeding, irrigation, fertilizing and harvesting. Here
two processes can be implemented. The main objective is even a professionals
can work in the agricultural field. In general the manual cultivation for one acre
of land requires money of around Rs. 15,000-17,000 but due to this technique
we reduce the cost and is nearly Rs. 9,000-10,000 only and also the yield is high
when compared to normal one. The Programmable Controller (PC) is also
called as Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). It is a computer technique and
this technique is used to control relay. It is used in agricultural field mainly for
controlling the mechanical level. PLC is low cost, light weight and highly
flexible. For programming ladder diagram is used. In this study two modules has
been proposed (1) irrigation and (2) fertilization. The current status is passed to
the farmer in regular intervals using GSM. The automatic irrigation is made
possible by using water level sensors and IR sensors. Depending on the need of
the water in the soil and the height of the paddy the water is made to be
supplied. The data will be processed by the controller. Depending on this data
the motor is operated and required amount of water is supplied. Irrigation system
plays an important role in the conservation of groundwater resources.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
TITLE
NO
PAGE
LIST OF TABLES
NO
ix
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF ABBREVATIONS
xi
INTRODUCTION
1.1 OVERVIEW
LITERATURE REVIEW
CONTROL UNIT
12
3.1 INTRODUCTION
12
12
3.3 CONTROLLER
13
13
3.3.2 Wiring
14
15
3.3.4 Specification
15
16
17
18
18
SENSORS
19
19
20
20
4.2 RELAY
21
22
4.3 IR SENSOR
23
PUMPS
25
25
25
25
GSM
26
6.1 INTRODUCTION
26
26
27
6.4 TDD
28
6.5 BLUETOOTH
28
29
6.6.1 Antenna
29
30
30
30
6.6.5 Others
31
6.7 AT COMMANDS
6.7.1 Basic at commands
storage
29
31
32
32
32
32
32
32
call
32
32
32
32
33
33
33
34
DESIGN
35
35
36
36
37
37
38
CONCLUSION
39
REFERENCE
40
APPENDIX
42
LIST OF FIGURES
CHAPTER
TITLE
PAGE NO
NO
3.1
Block diagram
12
3.2
13
3.3
16
3.4
Flow chart
17
3.5
18
3.6
18
4.1
19
4.2
ULN 2803
20
4.3
IR sensor
24
5.1
Pump
25
6.1
27
6.2
GSM Modem
31
7.1
Layout Design
35
7.2
36
7.3
Relay circuit
36
7.4
ULN Circuit
37
7.5
IR Sensor circuit
37
8.1
38
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NO
TITLE
PAGE NO
3.1
15
3.2
Controller Specification
15
4.1
20
10
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
1. PLC- Programmable Logic Controller
2. GSM-Global System for Mobile Communications
3. IR Sensor- Infra Red sensor
4. SMS- Short Message Service
5. LED- Light Emitting Diode
6. I/O- Input / Output
7. SMPS- Switched Mode Power Supply
8. GND- Ground
9. RF- Radio Frequency
10.VBAT- Battery Voltage
11.TCP/IP- Transfer Control Protocol
12.SIM- Subscriber Identity Module
13.DCS- Distributed Control System
14.ACL link- Asynchronous Connection Less link
15.AT- Attention
16.GPRS- General Packet Radio Service
17.UART- Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter
18.PCM- Pulse Code Modulation
19.TDD-Time Division Distortion
11
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 OVERVIEW
This paper proposes a new model for automatic paddy irrigation
system using PLC and this new model has not been in existence before.
This project can be used only in paddy irrigation system.
There is a lack of man power in agriculture, also our country depends
mainly in agriculture. In this paper, we described the attempt to build an
automatic irrigation system for paddy cultivation.
The purpose of our project is to make a simple andconvenient paddy
cultivation by automating its irrigation system.
1.2 EXISTING SYSTEM
In existing system, Paddy rice is usually grown in level basins
which are flooded with water throughout most of the growing season.
The main reason for flooding the rice fields is that most rice varieties
maintain better growth and produce higher yields when grown in flooded
soils, than when grown in dry soils. The water layer also helps to
suppress the weeds.
1.2.1 DISADVANTAGES OF EXISTING SYSTEM :
Always depend on human
Continuous monitoring
12
13
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
MICROCONTROLLER BASED AUTOMATED IRRIGATION
SYSTEM , Shiraz Pasha B.R. , Dr. B Yogesha , Dept. of Mechanical
Engineering, MCE, Hassan. 2, Professor, Dept. of Mechanical
Engineering, MCE, Hassan.
Irrigation is the artificial application of water to the land or soil. It
is used to assist in the growing of agricultural crops, maintenance of
landscapes, and revegetation of disturbed soils in dry areas and during
periods of inadequate rainfall. Irrigation system uses valves to turn
irrigation ON and OFF. These valves may be easily automated by using
controllers and solenoids. In this project an attempt has been made to
automate farm or nursery irrigation that allows farmers to apply the right
amount of water at the right time, regardless of the availability of labour
to turn valves on and off. In addition, farmers using automation
equipment are able to reduce runoff from over watering saturated soils,
avoid irrigating at the wrong time of day, which will improve crop
performance by ensuring adequate water and nutrients when needed. The
Microcontroller based automated irrigation system consists of moisture
sensors, analog to digital converter, microcontroller, relay driver,
solenoid valve, solar panel and a battery. This system can be used in the
areas where electrical power is difficult to obtain. This system is eco
friendly and it uses a renewable source of energy.
MONITORING
AUTOMATION
AND
CONTROLLING
SYSTEM
USING
OF
PLC
GSM
BASED
MODULE
Student, Assistant
SYSTEM
BASED
,
AUTOMATION
OF
DRIP
S.MahendraM.LakshmanaBharathy
GKM
College
of
Engineering
&
Technology,
16
CONTROL
BASED
FUZZY
LOGIC
FOR
and
L.
Naderloo,
Department
of
Agricultural
FOR
AUTOMATION
IN
SURFACE
reduce
erosion,
off-site
movement
of
IRRIGATION
SYSTEM
BY
USING
ARM
&
Telecommunication,
University
of
Pune,
Ahmednagar, India
The continuously increasing population in India demands for the
rapid improvement in food production technology. Indian, economy is
mainly based on agriculture. Water is the main resource for agriculture.
Hence efficient water management of fresh water resources has a crucial
importance. To save the water and to increase the yield of crop proper
method of irrigation must be used. It is well known that irrigation by
drip is very economical and efficient. The conventional drip irrigation
system is fully controlled and monitored by the farmer. This paper
presents a fully automated drip irrigation system which is controlled and
monitored by using ARM9 processor. Sensors are used to monitor the
moisture content of the soil and depending on that the valves of the
system are turned ON or OFF automatically for different interval of
time. pH of the soil is also important factor to be considered as it affects
the nutrient availability in the soil. Sensor to detect the pH of the soil is
used and depending on the value of the pH, suggestions are given to the
20
22
CHAPTER 3
CONTROL UNIT
3.1 INTRODUCTION
Every system need a control unit for proper operation. In our
project we use a PLC control unit to control the entire process along with
a wireless GSM modem. The PLC interfaced with the GSM modem is
clearly illustrated in the following block diagram.
3.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM
23
3.3 CONTROLLER
PLC has become a part our lives same as controller and also as
field of electronics and communication. From the last few years PLC is
used in many of the automation system due to its reliability and
durability. In this project we use Delta DVP PLC which is more
convenient to interface with the GSM modem.
will stop running, all outputs go Off, and the ERROR LED indicator
will start to blink continuously. 2. The power shutdown for less than
10ms will not affect the operation of the PLC. However, the shutdown
time that is too long or the drop of power voltage will stop the operation
of the PLC, and all outputs will go off. When the power returns to
normal status, the PLC will automatically resume the operation. (Please
take care of the latched auxiliary relays and registers inside the PLC
when doing the programming).
3.3.2 WIRING
1. Use 22-16AWG (1.5mm) single or multiple core wire on I/O
wiring terminals. See the figure in the right hand side for its
specification. PLC terminal screws should be tightened to 1.90 kg-cm
(1.65 in-lbs) and please use only 60/75C copper conductor.
2. DO NOT wire empty terminal. DO NOT place the I/O signal
cable in the same wiring circuit. 3. DO NOT drop tiny metallic
conductor into the PLC while screwing and wiring. Tear off the sticker
on the heat dissipation hole for preventing alien substances from
dropping in, to ensure normal heat dissipation of the PLC
25
3.3.4 SPECIFICATION
TABLE:3.2 Specification
26
27
28
.
Fig.3.6 RS485 to RS232 Converter
29
CHAPTER 4
SENSORS
4.1 WATER LEVEL SENSOR
A water level indicator is a system by which we can get the
information of any water reservoir. Water level indicator systems are
quite useful to reduce the wastage of water from any reservoir, while
filling such reservoir. In this project we designed the sensor to measure
water up to four levels.
30
Function
Name
Input 1
Input 2
Input 3
Input 4
No
31
Input 5
Input 6
Input 7
Input 8
Ground (0V)
Ground
10
Common
11
Output 8
12
Output 7
13
Output 6
14
Output 5
15
Output 4
16
Output 3
17
Output 2
18
Output 1
4.2 RELAY
Most of the high end industrial application devices have relays for their
effective working. Relays are simple switches which are operated both
electrically and mechanically. Relays consist of an electromagnet and
also a set of contacts. The switching mechanism is carried out with the
help of the electromagnet. There are also other operating principles for
32
its working. But they differ according to their applications. Most of the
devices have the application of relays.
A relay is an electrical switch. Relays use an electromagnet to
mechanically operate a switch.
Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a
low-power signal (with complete electrical isolation between control and
controlled circuits), or where several circuits must be controlled by one
signal.
Relays were used in electrical circuits as amplifiers: they
repeated the signal coming in from one circuit and re-transmitted it on
another circuit.
Relays were used extensively in telephone exchanges and early
computers to perform logical operations.
4.2.1 TYPES OF RELAY:
Solid-state relay.
Latching relay.
Reed relay.
Mercury-wetted relay.
Polarized relay.
Machine tool relay.
Time delay relay.
Vacuum relay.
Safety relay.
Multi voltage relay.
Coaxial relay.
33
34
Fig.4.3 IR sensor
35
CHAPTER 5
PUMPS
5.1 WATER PUMP
The water pump is the main source of water supply from the well
or water tank to the agricultural field for the irrigation purpose. The
power supply to the water pump is controlled using the PLC. Centrifugal
pump is the most commonly used pump.
5.2 FERTILIZER PUMP
Similar to water pump the fertilizer pump supply the required
amount of fertilizer to the field as per the PLC command.
5.3 PESTISIDE PUMP
The pesticide pump is similar to that of the above mentioned two
pumps.
CHAPTER 6
GSM
6.1. INTRODUCTION
This document describes SIM800 hardware interface in great
detail. This document can help user to quickly understand SIM800
interface specifications, electrical and mechanical details. With the help
of this document and other SIM800 application notes, user guide, users
can use SIM800 to design various applications quickly.
SIM800 has 68 SMT pads, and provides all hardware interfaces between
the module and customers boards.
Support up to 5*5*2 Keypads.
One full function UART port, and can be configured to two independent
serial ports.
One USB port can be used as debugging and firmware upgrading.
Audio channels which include a microphone input and a receiver output.
Programmable general purpose input and output.
One SIM card interface.
37
38
6.4. TDD
GSM signal could interfere audio by coupling or conducting.
Coupling noise could be filtered by adding 33 pFand 10pF capacitor
over
audio
lines.33pF
capacitor
could
eliminate
noise
from
affects
heavily,
but
some
differentstory
is
from
6.5 BLUETOOTH
SIM800 supports Bluetooth function, customer only needs to
design the Bluetooth antenna, and then customer canoperate Bluetooth
conveniently by AT commands.
Fully compliant with Bluetooth specification3.0
Support operation with GPS and GSM/GPRS worldwide radio systems
Fully integrated PA provides 10dbm output power
Up to 4 simultaneous active ACL links
Support sniff mode
Supports PCM interface and built-in programmable transcoders for liner
voice with transmission
39
6.6.1 ANTENNA
There are some suggestions for components placing and routing
of GSM and Bluetooth RF traces:
The RF connector is used for conducted test, so keep it as close to the
GSM_ANT pin as possible;
Antenna matching circuit should be closed to the antenna;
Keep the RF traces as 50
The RF traces should be kept far away from the high speed signals and
strong disturbing source.
If using a RF cable, kept it far away from SIM card, power ICs;
It is recommended that GSM antenna and Bluetooth antenna be placed
as far as better.
6.6.2 POWER SUPPLY
Not only VBAT but also power ground is very important in
layout. The positive line of VBAT should be asshorter and wider as
possible. The correct flow from source to VBAT pin should go though
40
Zenerdiode thenhuge capacitor. PIN 62, 63, 64, 65 are GND signals, and
should be designed shortest layout to GND of powersource.
6.6.5 OTHERS
Its better to trace signal lines of UART bunched, as well as
signals of USB and LCM.
41
+CPMS: (SM),(SM),(SM)
OK
AT+CPMS?
+CPMS: SM,19,30,SM,19,30,SM,19,30
6.7.1.5 TO MAKE A VOICE CALL:
ATD9876543210;
6.7.1.6 TO REDIAL LAST NO:
ATDL
6.7.1.7 TO RECEIVE INCOMING CALL:
ATA
6.7.1.8 TO HANGUP OR DISCONNECT A CALL:
ATH
6.7.1.9 TO SET A PARTICULAR BAUDRATE:
AT+IPR=?
AT+IPR=0
AT+CRC?
+CRC: 0
OK
AT+CRC=1
OK
+CRING: VOICE
6.7.1.12 READ OPERATOR NAMES.
AT+COPN=?
OK
AT+COPN
+COPN: 472001,DHIMOBILE
+COPN: 60500
+COPN: 502012,maxis mobile
+COPN:
+COPN: 502013,TMTOUCH
+COPN
+COPN: 502016,DiGi
+COPN: 502017,TIMECel"
+COPN: 502019,CELCOM GSM
44
ATTACH/DETACH
FROM
GPRS
SERVICE
AT+CGDCONT
AT+CGQMIN
(MINIMUM ACCEPTABLE)
AT+CGQREQ
(REQUESTED)
AT+CGACT
PDP
CONTEXT
ACTIVATE
OR
DEACTIVATE
AT+CGDATA
AT+CGPADDR
AT+CGCLASS
AT+CGEREP
REPORTING
AT+CGREG
AT+CGSMS
MESSAGES
AT+CGCOUNT
45
CHAPTER 7
DESIGN
7.1LAYOUT DESIGN
The layout design Fig 7.0 shown below is the mechanical field setup of
the automatic paddy irrigation system.
46
CHAPTER 8
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The proposed project is designed and the corresponding outputs were
obtained as per the required conditions. Also the status of the process is
sent in terms of SMS to the farmer via GSM modem. The corresponding
message output is shown below.
CHAPTER 9
CONCLUSION
We have presented a project AUTOMATION IN PADDY
IRRIGATION USING PLC. In this project we are developing an
automatic supply of water, fertilizer and pesticide to paddy field as per
the need of the crop. It consists of IR sensor and water level sensor. The
IR sensor senses the height of the crop and the water level sensor senses
the level of the water in the field. If the crop reaches the height of the
first IR height sensor, then the water level must be maintained between
low low water level and low water level. If the crop reaches the second
IR height sensor, then the water level must be maintained between low
water level and medium water level. This is because as the crop grows it
consumes more water. If the crop reaches the third IR height sensor, then
the water level must be maintained between medium water level and
high water level. The fertilizer and the pesticide are given to the crops in
the field in regular interval. . The current status of the process is given to
the farmer in regular intervals in terms of message using GSM modem.
At the industry level the person can control the industry process by
seating there continuously in the control room. At the agriculture field
farmers are still visiting their field every day and go to their field to
spray the fertilizer, spray the pesticides, watering the plant etc. This
project will help to automate the process such that they can monitor and
control the process through the SMS via GSM module from anywhere
and at any time.
50
REFERENCE
1. Microcontroller Based Automated Irrigation System , Shiraz Pasha
B.R. , Dr. B Yogesha , Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, MCE,
Hassan.2,Professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, MCE, Hassan.
2. Monitoring and Controlling of PLC based Automation System Using
GSM Module VaraManthanKantilal, Anurag P Lakhlani
Student,
FINAL
YEAR),Electronics
Research
Centre
for
Modeling&
51
Department
of
Agricultural
Machinery
Engineering,
Khaled Bali,
Prof.
S.G.
Galande,
Department
of
Electronics
&
52
APPENDIX
PROGRAM
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66