U.N.L.P.

Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas

Licenciatura en Turismo
Ingls 2 - Clases Tericas
Unidad III
Ao 2014

Prof. Titular Nelba Lema

Prof. Adjuntas Sandra Peralta
Anah Cuestas

Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas - U.N.L.P.

Licenciatura en Turismo
Ingls II Unidad 3 - Teora

Why the euro?

The euro was created because a single currency offers many
advantages and benefits over the previous situation where each
Member State had its own currency. Not only are fluctuation risks
and exchange costs eliminated and the single market strengthened,
but the euro also means closer co-operation among Member States
for a stable currency and economy to the benefit of us all.
When the EU was founded in 1957, the Member States
concentrated on building a 'common market' for trade. However,
over time it became clear that closer economic and monetary co-operation was needed for
the internal market to develop and flourish further, and for the whole European economy to
perform better, bringing more jobs and greater prosperity for Europeans. In 1991, the
Member States approved the Treaty on European Union (the Maastricht Treaty), deciding
that Europe would have a strong and stable currency for the 21st century.
The benefits of the euro are diverse and are felt on different scales, from individuals and
businesses to whole economies. They include:

Greater security and more opportunities for businesses and markets

More choice and stable prices for consumers and citizens
Improved economic stability and growth
More integrated financial markets
A stronger presence for the EU in the global economy
A tangible sign of a European identity

Many of these benefits are interconnected. For example,

economic stability is good for a Member States economy as it
allows the government to plan for the future. But economic
stability also benefits businesses because it reduces uncertainty and encourages companies
to invest. This, in turn, benefits citizens who see more employment and better-quality jobs.

How do these benefits of the euro arise?

The single currency brings new strengths and opportunities arising from the integration and
scale of the euro-area economy, making the single market more efficient.
Before the euro, the need to exchange currencies meant extra costs, risks and a lack of
transparency in cross-border transactions. With the single currency, doing business in the
euro area is more cost-effective and less risky.
Meanwhile, being able to compare prices easily encourages cross-border trade and investment
of all types, from individual consumers searching for the lowest cost product, through
businesses purchasing the best value service, to large institutional investors who can invest
more efficiently throughout the euro area without the risks of fluctuating exchange rates.

Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas - U.N.L.P.

Licenciatura en Turismo
Ingls II Unidad 3 - Teora

A. BEFORE YOU READ: What do you know about the euro? Work with your partner orally.

Why was the euro created?

When was it introduced?
Which were its benefits?
Is it a strong currency?
Where is it used now?
B. WHILE YOU READ: Read the text above and answer the questions.
1. What happened in 1957 and in 1991 in Europe?
...............................................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................................
2. Which negative factors were eliminated by the introduction of a single currency?
...............................................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................................
3. Mention some of the advantages of having a single currency.
...............................................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................................
4. Why is it easier to compare prices in different countries?
...............................................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................................
5. In your opinion, which is the most important benefit of using the euro?
...............................................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................................................
C. AFTER YOU READ.
1. Which common market do we have in Latin America? What do you know about it?
2. Imagine that we have created a single currency for Latin America. Tell a foreigner about it. Use the
prompts below.

We have created the ...... It will be used by ...

Now it will be possible to ....
This will mean ...
In this way we will ...(improve / have greater / reduce / develop /strengthen/ increase)
There will be more ... / less ...

Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas - U.N.L.P.

Licenciatura en Turismo
Ingls II Unidad 3 - Teora

What currency have you got?

a

A. Look at the bank notes above and match them with their names. Add the nationality name.
__________ rupee

__________ pound

_________ dollar

__________ baht

__________ dollar

__________ kroner

__________ rand

euro

Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas - U.N.L.P.

Licenciatura en Turismo
Ingls II Unidad 3 - Teora

B. Now match the countries to their corresponding currencies.

COUNTRY

CURRENCY

COUNTRY

CURRENCY

Peso

Euro (formerly French franc)

Australian dollar

Euro (formerly Deutsche mark)

Euro (formerly schilling)

Euro (formerly drachma)

Barbados dollar

Forint

Euro (formerly Belgian

Rupee

franc)

Rupiah

Real

Rial

Canadian dollar

Euro (formerly Irish pound

Cape Verdean escudo

[punt])

Krone

Euro (formerly lira)

Euro (formerly markka)

Jamaican dollar

Cape Verde / Austria / Brazil / Belgium /

Argentina / Finland / Canada/ Australia
Denmark / Barbados
COUNTRY

CURRENCY

Hungary/ Iran / France / India / Italy / Greece

Indonesia / Jamaica / Germany / Ireland

COUNTRY

CURRENCY

Yen

Euro (formerly escudo)

Ringgit

Ruble

Mexican peso

Rand

Nepalese rupee

Euro (formerly peseta)

Euro (formerly guilder)

Krona

New Zealand dollar

Swiss franc

Norwegian krone

baht

Guaran

Turkish lira (YTL)

Nuevo sol (1991)

Pound sterling ()

Peso

dollar

Mexico / Peru / New Zealand / Nepal /

Norway / Philippines / Malaysia / Paraguay /
Netherlands / Japan /

Sweden / Turkey / United States / Spain / Russia

Portugal / Thailand / Switzerland / South Africa
United Kingdom

C. Match the abbreviations to the currencies and countries.

Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas - U.N.L.P.

Licenciatura en Turismo
Ingls II Unidad 3 - Teora

Where to exchange money

How to exchange money is a real concern for travelers
arriving in a foreign country. This information can be of
help:
Your Local Bank/Online: Very large banks in very large
cities will sometimes carry currency of other countries
(usually limited to pound, yen, dollar and euro). You can
exchange in advance or you can also order currencies
online by doing a search. This often carries a high fee.
Airport exchange: Airport exchanges offer famously
horrible conversion rates. (An exchange rate is the
price of one currency in terms of another currency.) Most airports have ATMs - wherever possible,
skip the exchange and withdrawal right when you arrive.
ATM: ATMs give the best conversion rates. The exchange rates change daily, based on the
markets. The drawback is that banks often charge high amounts for withdrawals from nonparticipatory ATMs, and the issuing bank may charge a fee as well. Note that ATMs can be hard to
find outside of major cities in developing countries.
Hotels/Hostels: A large hostel or hotel in some cities is likely to offer conversion services for
their customers. However, these rates are generally only slightly better than an airport exchange,
and limited to the major currencies (pound, yen, U.S. dollar and euro).
Destination Banks and Conversion Centers: Banks in large cities will convert your bills or
travelers cheques - at a cost (commission). Conversion centers are usually found in areas where
there are a lot of travelers, or a busy downtown.
Street: A dangerous way to exchange money. You
must be carrying strong major currencies in cash in
order to deal on the black market. This type of
exchange is illegal but commonly practiced in a
number of developing countries, especially those
ruled by controlling governments. Count and double
count your money, and make sure they are clean bills
without tears or marks, as this will sometimes mean
it is no longer valid.

A. Read the text above and get ready to answer these questions orally:
1. Which are the different places available to exchange foreign currency?
2. Does this conversion service always have a cost?
3. What about exchange rates? Do all these centers offer the same rates?
B. Vocabulary work: fill in the blanks with words from the text.
1. The price of one currency in terms of another is called ______________________.
2. The pound, the yen, the U.S. dollar and the euro are considered as _________________________.
3. Some banks do not charge _________________ when they exchange currency.
4. To operate in an ATM you must first enter your __________________________.
5. ATMs are very practical: you can pay taxes, make a deposit and, if you need cash, you can
_______________ money from them.

Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas - U.N.L.P.

Licenciatura en Turismo
Ingls II Unidad 3 - Teora

C. Read the text again and fill in this table.

ADVANTAGES
Your

Local

DISADVANTAGES

Bank/

Online
Airport Exchange

ATM

Hostels/Hotels

Destination Banks

Street

Tourist Exchange Rates

Tourist exchange
rates: need to know
Tourist exchange rates change
when the demand for a currency
goes up or down. There are many
reasons for changes in demand.
Increased business activity in a
country can strengthen its
currency, as can high interest
rates.
Tourist exchange rates are always
changing but the current economic
climate has seen tourist currency
exchange rates to the pound take a sharp turn for the worse. With the weaker pound, UK
holidaymakers are finding that their pounds don't buy as much foreign currency.

Tourist exchange rates: getting the best rate

In general, currency exchange counters at airports, stations and hotels although convenient offer
the worst tourist exchange rates. There's a good chance you may also have to pay commission,
meaning even less foreign currency for your pounds.
By ordering your currency online in advance, you're much more likely to get a good tourist
exchange rate. And in many cases, you won't need to pay commission for example when you
order foreign currency online from the Post Office.
When shopping online for foreign currencies, keep in mind that guarantees of the best tourist
exchange rate don't always equal the best value. In general, online rates are all competitive, and the

Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas - U.N.L.P.

Licenciatura en Turismo
Ingls II Unidad 3 - Teora

difference between rates is often just a fraction of a pound. Even if you're exchanging 500, the
difference could be as little as 50p.
To get the best value on tourist exchange rates, look at the complete service on offer. For example:
For branch pickup, wheres the closest branch to you?
Do they offer home delivery?
Do they offer to buy back your unused currency?
The Post Office foreign exchange offers all this and more.

Get your currency from the Post Office

Buy online for a better rate on foreign currency.
0% commission, competitive rates on over 70 foreign currencies.
Order currency or Travellers Cheques online

Delivered to your front door or pick up from one of 11,500 local Post Office branches.
Free delivery for branch collection and orders over 400 for home delivery Monday-Friday.
A. Read the text and discuss with your partners:

Who is the text addressed to?

What is the purpose of the text?
B. Read the text again and find the answers to these questions:
1. When do exchange rates change?
2. Which factors can make a currency stronger?
3. Are the economic conditions favourable for the British tourists who need to buy foreign
currency?
4. Whats the difference between exchanging money online from the Post Office and in other
places?
5. Explain which advantages tourists get when they buy currency online from the Post Office?
6. Is this possible in our country?

Currency and Money Exchange in Japan

Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas - U.N.L.P.

Licenciatura en Turismo
Ingls II Unidad 3 - Teora

There is no limit on the amount of any currency that may be brought into or taken out of Japan. However, if
you transport (any currencies, checks, securities or other monies) exceeding 1,000,000 yen worth in
Japanese currency into or out of the country, then you must complete a customs declaration.
The unit of currency is the yen ( or ). US$1=121.65 (as of 6.11.2007).
The denominations are: (notes) 10,000, 5000, 2,000 and 1,000, and (coins) 500 (both new and old
coins), 100, 50 10, 5 and 1.
Banks
Generally, banks are open from 9:00am - 3:00pm. Cash machines (ATMs) are often closed at the weekends,
but an increasing number of convenience stores are offering 24 - hour ATM services.
Exchanging money
You can exchange foreign currency for Japanese yen at banks and shops designated as "authorized money
changers." The exchange rate fluctuates daily in accordance with the money market conditions. Arriving in
Japan without Japanese money should not present problems as foreign currency may be exchanged for yen
at banks in the arrival lounge of the Narita or Haneda Airports.

Credit cards
International credit cards like American Express, VISA, MASTERCARD, Diners Club and JCB will be accepted
at hotels, main facilities, and stores. You can use those cards to purchase air-tickets and Shinkansen train
tickets. Certain types of public transport (like some taxi companies) also accept them. It is, therefore, very
convenient to have a credit card, as it serves as identification when checking into a hotel and exempting one
from having to make a deposit.
However, it does not mean that the credit cards are universally acceptable. To purchase a short distance
train ticket on either JR or a private railway, a credit card may not be used. Neither can they be used for bus
lines. Furthermore, not all the convenience stores, privately owned shops and super-markets accept the
credit cards. In some cases, even if the cards are acceptable, there may be certain limitations. It is a general
rule to pay in cash, if the sum is less than 1,000 yen. There are some taxi companies that do not accept
credit cards as well as those which only accept them when the fare exceeds 5,000 yen. Unlike the United
States, where it is possible to live without cash as everything can be paid for by credit card, in Japan one
needs to carry some cash at all times.
ATMs
If you want to withdraw cash from an ATM (automated teller machine) using a credit card, it must be the
one that has been issued in Japan. Many ATMs in Japan do not accept the cards issued abroad. It is
necessary, therefore, to get information in advance from the credit companies about the kind of ATM that
will accept certain cards issued abroad.
The 24,000 ATMs in the post offices throughout the country will accept withdrawals on credit cards issued
abroad. On or around such machines, a notice "International ATM Service" and stickers showing VISA, VISA
Electron, PLUS, MASTERCARD, Maestro, Cirrus, American Express, Diners Club International, JCB, etc., logos
are displayed.
Travelers' checks may be used in most banks, hotels, ryokans (Japanese-style hotels) and super-stores.
Taxes
There are certain taxes that tourists are required to pay during their stay in Tokyo. A consumption tax
(shohizei) is one of such taxes, which is five (5) percent of the price of commodities and services you are
buying. The consumption tax is already included in the indicated price. Another is a hotel tax (shukuhakuzei)
which occurs when you pay 10,000 yen or more for the room charge per night per person to your hotel. At

Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas - U.N.L.P.

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Ingls II Unidad 3 - Teora

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hotels and ryokans in Tokyo, the rate of the hotel tax is 100 yen for a room less than 15,000 yen and 200
yen for a room 15,000 yen or more.
Duty-free shops
As an exception, non-residents of Japan, including tourists from foreign countries, are exempted from the
consumption tax under certain conditions for certain items purchased at duty-free shops as souvenir to be
brought outside Japan. Excluding consumables such as foods and drinks, cigarettes, medicines, cosmetic
items, camera films, batteries, etc., general commodities will be tax-exempted at such shops only when the
total of your shopping exceeds 10,000 yen per transaction. Duty-free shops are found only in limited areas.
In Tokyo, the most crowded area with the duty-free shops is Akihabara, which is known among tourists from
overseas as a place to shop made-in-Japan electric appliances that are convertible worldwide at tax-free
prices. Some of those electric stores sell traditional souvenirs and those can be also tax-exempted if your
total payment at one store sums up 10,000 yen or more.

A. Read about money matters in Japan and correct these statements. Give correct information in your
own words.
1. Tourists coming into Japan must always complete a customs declaration form indicating the money
they are carrying with them.
2. In Japan you cannot withdraw cash from an ATM on a Sunday.
3. It is not possible to exchange your currency for yen when you arrive at the airport.
4. Tourists can purchase all kinds of transport tickets and pay for them by credit card.
5. Taxi companies never accept credit cards.
6. No matter what credit card you own, you will not be able to withdraw cash from an ATM.
7. Prices in Japan are exclusive of the consumption tax.
8. The hotel tax has a fixed rate.
9. All items bought in a duty-free shop are tax-exempted.
10. You will find a duty-free shop wherever you go in Japan.

B. Vocabulary work.
1. Which nouns can you make from these verbs?

VERB

Exempt

Accept

Own

Issue

Withdraw

Purchase

NOUN

2. Fill in the blanks using nouns or verbs from the previous exercise.
a. Nobody is ______________ from paying taxes.
b. Some banks only _____________ credit cards for their customers.
c. You can make all the _________________ you want from an ATM as long as you have money in your
account.
d. When tourists ______________ handicrafts they usually pay in cash.
e. ________________ of credit cards is a common practice in most shops.

Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas - U.N.L.P.

Licenciatura en Turismo
Ingls II Unidad 3 - Teora

11

Value of the U.S. Dollar

The U.S. dollar is most easily measured by its exchange rate, which compares its value to other
currencies. Currency exchange rates allow you to determine how much of one currency you can
exchange for another. Exchange rates change every day because currencies are traded on the foreign
exchange market, known as forex. A currency's forex value depends on a lot of factors, including
Central Bank interest rates, the country's debt levels, and the strength of its economy. Most
countries allow their currencies to be determined by the forex market. This is known as a flexible
exchange rate.
Dollar Value Compared to Euro:
2010 - The EU debt crisis strengthened the dollar. By the end of the year, the euro was only
worth $1.32.
2011 - The dollar's value fell 11% against the euro, which was worth $1.47 by April 8.

Read and complete

The exchange rate is a way of .............................................................................................................................
The forex is ..........................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................. determine
the value of a currency on the forex.
When a country has a flexible exchange rate, ......................................................................................................
In

2010

the

dollar

..............................................................................................................

but

in

2011.................................................................................................

METHODS OF PAYMENT
How are
you paying?

Can I pay
by cheque?

Sorry, but we dont

take credit cards.

Only major
cards accepted.

I prefer
paying in
cash.

5% surcharge
on credit card
payments.

Do you accept
travelers cheques?

A. In which situations would we find these utterances / signs?

B. Which methods of payment are mentioned? Do you know any others?

Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas - U.N.L.P.

Licenciatura en Turismo
Ingls II Unidad 3 - Teora

12

Cards
A credit card system is a type of retail transaction settlement and credit system, named after the small
plastic card issued to users of the system. A credit card is different from a debit card in that the credit card
issuer lends the consumer money, rather than having the money removed from an account. It is also
different from a charge card (though this name is sometimes used by the public to describe credit cards)
in that charge cards require that the balance be paid in full each month. In contrast, a credit card allows
the consumer to 'revolve' their balance, at the cost of having interest charged.

Read Cards and match.

CREDIT CARD

Your money is removed from your account.

DEBIT CARD

The issuer lends money to the consumer.

CHARGE CARD

You must pay the balance in full every month.

How do credit cards work?

A user is issued a credit card after an account has been approved by the credit provider (often a general
bank), with which he or she will be able to make purchases from merchants accepting that credit card
up to a preestablished credit limit.
When a purchase is made, the credit card user agrees to pay the card issuer. Originally the user would
indicate his/her consent to pay, by signing a receipt with a record of the card details and indicating the
amount to be paid.
Electronic verification systems allow merchants to verify in a few seconds that the card is valid and the
credit card customer has sufficient credit to cover the purchase.
Each month, the credit card user is sent a statement indicating the purchases undertaken with the card,
and the total amount owed. The cardholder must then pay a minimum proportion of the bill by a due
date, and may choose to pay the entire amount owed or more. The credit provider charges interest on
the amount owed (typically at a much higher rate than most other forms of debt). Some financial
institutions can arrange for automatic payments to be deducted from the user's accounts.
Because profit margins in the credit card industry can be quite high, credit providers often offer
incentives such as frequent flier miles, gift certificates, or cash back to try to attract customers to their
program.
For merchants, a credit card transaction is often more secure than other
forms of payment, such as cheques, because the issuing bank commits to
pay the merchant the moment the transaction is verified. The bank charges
a commission (Interchanging Fee), to the merchant for this service and
there may be a certain delay before the agreed payment is received by the
merchant. In addition, a merchant may be penalized or have their ability to
receive payment using that credit card restricted if there are too many
cancellations or reversals of charges.
Even some street market stands

now take credit cards.

As well as convenient, accessible credit, the cards offer consumers an easy way to track expenses, which
is necessary both for monitoring personal expenditures and the tracking of work-related expenses for
taxation and reimbursement purposes. They have now spread worldwide, and are offered with differing
credit limits, repayment arrangements such as automatic payment from a personal bank account (some
cards offer interest-free periods, while others do not, but compensate with much lower interest rates),
and other benefits (such as rewards schemes in which points earned by purchasing goods with the card
can be redeemed for further goods and services or credit card cashback).

Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas - U.N.L.P.

Licenciatura en Turismo
Ingls II Unidad 3 - Teora

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A. Read the text above and number these steps.

___

The customer signs the receipt.

___

The credit provider issues a credit card for a user.

___

The cardholder pays the credit card bill.

___

The credit provider approves an account for a person.

___

The credit card user receives a statement that indicates the money he/she owes to the cerdit card
company.

___

Before the payment is made, the merchant verifies that the credit card is valid.

B. Mark True or False. Correct the false sentences.

1. Cardholders can make purchases for as much as they want.

( )

2. Merchants verify the validity of credit cards in a printed record.

( )

3. Interest is charged on the amount owed by the cardholder.

( )

4. The cardholder can choose to pay the total amount he owes or part of it.

( )

C. Which are the pros and cons of using credit cards for the following people?
CARDHOLDERS

CREDIT CARD PROVIDERS

MERCHANTS

PROS

CONS

D. What about Debit Cards? How are they different from credit cards? What do they have in common
with them? Work with a partner and make a list of differences and similarities.

DIFFERENCES

SIMILARITIES

E. Now read the text on the next page and check and complete your ideas.

Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas - U.N.L.P.

Licenciatura en Turismo
Ingls II Unidad 3 - Teora

14

How Does a Debit Card Work?

A debit card looks much like a credit card. Instead of accessing a credit line, however, a debit card
accesses a checking or savings account. The result is that, instead of incurring a debt and reducing your
amount of available credit, a debit card is used to spend money you already have. As you withdraw cash
from ATMs or make purchases the funds are debited (deducted) from your bank account.
When you make purchases from a merchant, you may use the card exactly like you use a credit card
(meaning you sign for your purchases) or you may use a Personal Identification Number (PIN) to
process your charge. When using a PIN, the funds will be deducted from your account immediately or
within the same day. When signing for purchases like a credit card, it may take one to three days for the
deduction to be made from your bank account.
Debit cards offer the convenience of using a card instead of cash or check for your purchases. Because
you do not incur a debt, however, your debit card purchases prevent you from creating a large debt.
Always be aware of your account balance, or you will risk becoming overdrawn and getting charged
fees by your bank.

TRAVELLERS CHEQUES
A. Match the questions to the answers.
1. What are travellers cheques?
2. What types of Foreign Currency Travellers Cheques are
available?
3. Why are they considered the worlds safest currency?
4. Do Travellers Cheques ever expire?
5. How do I cash Travellers Cheques?
6. Do I get change back if I do not use the full face value of a
Cheque?
7. Is there a fee to cash Travellers Cheques?

No, they dont. Unused Travellers Cheques can be used for a future trip, or like cash at
locations in your area.
Normally there are no fees to cash Travellers Cheques at merchants. However, some banks and
business, primarily outside the U.S., may charge a fee.
To cash a Travellers Cheque, date it in the upper right-hand corner and fill out the "pay to the
order" line. Then countersign the Cheque in the lower left-hand corner.
They are available in the following currencies and can be used wherever these currencies are
accepted: Australian Dollar, Canadian Dollar, Euro, Japanese Yen and Pound Sterling.

Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas - U.N.L.P.

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Ingls II Unidad 3 - Teora

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Because they carry their specimen signatures with them. Each check is signed by the purchaser
when the checks are bought; the purchaser then signs them again (often called countersigning) in the
view of the person to whom the check will be transferred. The two signatures can be compared to
avoid misuse if the checks are stolen or lost.
Sure, cheques work just like cash, so you will receive change back.
They are special-purpose checks issued by widely-known banks or businesses. They are
designed for use by individuals away from home, where businesses are less likely to accept a personal
check.

B. Now explain in your words what travellers cheques are and how they work.

How would you

like to pay?

Explaining our economy

A. Work in groups. Explain in your words what the
following mean:
Poverty line
Monthly food basket
Purchasing power
B. Oral work. Imagine some foreigners ask these questions about our economy. How would
you answer? Try to give as much information as you can.

What does INDEC

stand for? What is
its function?
What is the blue
dollar rate?

And what about

Precios Cuidados?
Whats that?
Dolar ahorro?
Whats that?

Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas - U.N.L.P.

Licenciatura en Turismo
Ingls II Unidad 3 - Teora

These words can help you:

Government agency / program / policy / strategy
way of measuring / a way of reflecting
economic indicators
inflation / inflation rate
unemployment / unemployment rate
economic measures
control measures

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Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas - U.N.L.P.

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