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'' The word literally means to exert. In islamic terminology of Islamic Law it means to exert with a
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'' The Ijma. The third source of Muhammadan Law is Ijma' which is' in my opinion' perhaps the most
important legal notion in islam' while invoking great academic dicussions in early Islam' remained
practically a mere idea' and rarely assumed the form of a pemanent institution in any muhammadan
country...It is' however' extremely satisfactory to note that the pressure of new world-forces and the
political experience of European nations are impressing on the mind of modren Islam the value and
possibilities of the idea of Ijma. The growth of republican spirit and the gradual formation of
legislative assemblies in Muslim lands constitute a great step in advance.The transfer of the power
of ijtihad from individual representatives of schools to a Muslim legislative assembly which' in view
of the growth of opposing sects' is the only possible form Ijma can take in modren times' will secure
constributions to legal dicussions from laymen who happen to possess a keen insight into affairs.In
this way alone can we stir into activity the dormant spirit of life in our legal system' and give it an
evolutionary outlook. In India' however' difficulities are likely to arise for it doubtful whether a
non-Muslim legislative assembly can excercise the power of Ijtihad.'' ( 3)
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'' One more question may be asked as to the legislative activity of a modern Muslim assembly which
must consist' at least for the present' mostly of men possessing no knowledge of the subtleties of
Muhammadan Law. Such an assembly may make grave mistakes in their interpretaion of law. How
can we exclude or at least reduce the possibilities of erroneous interpretation? The persian
constitution of 1906 provided a separate ecclesiastical committee of Ulema- 'conversant with the
affairs of the world'- having power to supervise the legislative activity of the Mejliss.This' in my
opinion' dangerrous arrangement is probably necessary in view of the Persian constitutional
theory...But whatever may be the persian constitutional' the arrangement is not free from danger'
and may be tried' if at all' only as a temporary measure in Sunni countries. The Ulema should form a
vital part of a Muslim legislative assembly helping and guiding free discussion on questions relating
to law. The only effective remedy for the possibilities of erroneous interpretations is to reform the
present system of legal education in Muhammadan countries' to extend its sphere' and to combine it
with an intelligent study of modren jurisprudence.''( 2)
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