RESULTS

The bar graph provides the results of a questionnaire to find reasons that influence students
either to actively participate or not participate during the learning process. The questionnaire
was given to 91 students of International Islamic University of Malaysia. The students are
comprised from four different Kulliyyah which are Human Sciences, Education, Economics
as well as Information and Technology.
We can see from the bar graph that there are two major reasons which make students are
reluctant to actively participate during the learning process. The causes are students have lack
of confidence and at the same time they are afraid of making mistakes. The percentages for
both are 91% and 93%.
By contrast, the reason which come bottom among students is they were not being given the
opportunity to participate in the class due to the instructors teaching style. The percentage is
only 40%.
For the second research question, many respondents believed that the instructors played
major roles to encourage students in order to participate during the learning process. The
percentage clearly shown 42% agreed that the instructors need to become more supportive by
asking probing questions, walking around the class or calling students name. In addition to
that, 30% believed that the instructors should give grade for students participation in class.
Last but not least, 28% supported that the environment of the class must be more conducive,
open, wide space and at the same time have high security.

In general, we can conclude that the traits, personalities and perception of students itself
contribute on what make them volunteer to participate during the learning process compared
to other reasons.

IMPLICATIONS
Throughout this research, it has been founded out that there are many methods and ways in
order to encourage students to actively participate during the learning process. In this study, it
has been stated factors that encourage and discourage students to participate in the classroom.
In order to improve class participation during the learning process, many effective ways can
be done.
One of the methods is that the environment of classroom needs to be conducive and
constructive. Instructors are responsible to create this environment. As an example,
instructors need to give positive feedback even though their students made a mistake or
performed poorly. Instructors can remind students that making mistakes is part of learning
process and it gives advantage for instructors which parts of the subjects that need to be focus
on as there are probably other students have the same misunderstandings. Then, instructors
must aware that they need to correct the issue that has been raised and not focusing on the
pronunciation or grammar. At the same time, instructors need to encourage students that their
opinions are always welcome even if instructors do not agree with the ideas. Besides that,
instructor can give a model answer like instructor answer first their own questions and show
to students what type of answer they should provide. This will give students more confident
to answer the questions.
In terms of individual, students need to be prepare to be an active participant by have a
good understanding of the topic that will cover up for the next class. For instance, students
can review notes from the previous classes and make a list of ideas, and concepts to ask.
When students are getting ready to ask questions and present ideas in class will make
participation become easier. In addition to that, in order to contribute to the discussion,
students can ask, developing questions as well as asks for clarification.

In order to accomplish national aspirations of becoming a developed and highincome nation during year 2020, the learning process must be transform. As an illustration,
the education syllabus must empower students as well as teacher so that it can help increase
their thinking and give them more space and freedom like actively participate in class to
exercise their creativity. The government has also rewarded the instructors based on their
ability to create a conducive learning environment between them and their students which
lead to resulting in better academic performances. So, it can be concluded that all parties need
to cooperate and be more responsive towards