SUMMARY

Self-compacting concrete (SCC), also known as self-consolidating concrete, is a

highly fluid concrete with no segregation or exudation that can be placed in the site,
filling difficult-to-access structures without any mechanical consolidation.
The fluidity of self-compacting concrete (SCC) is measured in terms of placement
when using the modified version of the settlement test (ASTM C 143). The extent
(settlement flow) of the SCC varies from a typical range of 18 to 32 inches (455 to 810
mm) depending on project requirements.
The viscosity, by the range in which the concrete extends, is a of
the characteristics important of the SCC in state plastic Y Can be controlled, with the
use of high-range water-reducing additive, when designing a blend that satisfies the type
of application to be build.
Stability to segregation can be achieved by increasing the total amount of fines in the
concrete and / or by using additives that modify the viscosity of the blend. The increase
of fines can be done by adding cementing materials or incorporating fine minerals.
Self - compacting concrete has a high volume of pulp, less coarse aggregate and a
high coarse sand - aggregate ratio compared to conventional concretes
II.

INTRODUCTION
Since ancient times the civil engineer observed that, the materials were not evenly
distributed after the casting of concrete on site because a solution had to be found to
obtain similar or homogeneous properties throughout the area in question.
Actually; In a quick way, the method of mechanical vibration, which is governed by
agreements to norms, is used; However many times it was verified that in spite of
vibrating the concrete it was not possible to uniformize the materials of mixture and
they were with another restriction, that was when it had steel structures with very small
spaces of concrete filling, where the situation was impossible Carry out the vibration.
This is why the present research work will show the solution to this problem, which
is through a "self-compacted concrete (CAC)". The characterization of a CAC is based
mainly on the properties in fresh state, taking into account that the hardened product
meets the requirements of strength and durability required to a conventional concrete
that needs the application of processes for the usual construction work .
Previously it will be introduced to a small route of the birth of the use of this until the
present time and soon proceed to the experimental development.

III.

STATE ART

The first example was developed in Japan in 1986 and professor Ing. Hajima
Okamura of the Department of Civil Engineering University of Tokyo (Okamura H. &.
1994) (Okamura H. &., 2003) using granulated slag furnace and fly ash with a
plasticizer or chemical additive, whose main objectives were outlined for the two
states. (Maekawa, 2003)
In this study , the author investigated the role of chemicals such as
superplasticizer (Su, 2001) and viscosity agent in deformation (Poppe, 2003) and the
behavior of segregation of fresh concrete (Domone, 2006) additives, which is one of the
most important studies to create concrete with a high filling capacity. (Atcin, 2011) (Zia
1991)
In 1988, Professor Ozawa achieved the first prototype of CAC. The scientific
community soon began to publish the first references and to study the new
material. (Ozawa, 1990)
In 1989 the first publication was given at the East Asian and Pacific Structural
Engineering Conference. And in 1992 the presentation was given at the meeting of the
American Concrete Institute, in the same year applies concrete compacted for the first
time in a civil work. Anchor blocks on the Akashi kaikyo suspension bridge.
In 1993 the name of consolidating concrete is taken and soon studied by professors
Tanaka and Miura of the University of Tokyo.
In 1994, the Yokohama tunnel was built in Japan, 3 meters in diameter, 1.5 km in
diameter.
1997 RILEM forms a committee to study the CAC (self-compacted concrete), that
same year in Japan build liquefied gas deposits of the Osaka Gas company, where a
yield of CAC of 225 m3 / h allowed a 4 month advance in the Execution time
(Okamura, 1997)
For the year 1998 appear constructions in Holland, Great Britain, France and Sweden
(EB Bermejo, Permeability and porous structure of self-compacting concrete of
moderate strength, 2010), as early as 2002 EFNARC publishes the first guide on the use
of CCS
The first mass applications began in Japan, mainly in concrete works, but soon began
to be used in the prefabrication industry.
In some European countries CAC accounted for up to 20% of the concrete used
while in the USA, it accounted for up to 75% of prefabricated concrete, also accepted in
the use of roads and bridges.

In 2006 an article was published on the elimination of internal or external vibration

in molds without any obstruction, proving experimentally that the CAC in piles in situ
had a better control of the geometry when it is launched against the formwork of the
ground.
In 2008, in a research from Dalian University, they conclude a feasibility in the
application of reinforcements with SCHPC fiber, Monofibre and Fiber Cocktail
(polypropylene
steel
hydropower). Kaunas
University
presented
an
investigation; Where from a comparison of different pozzolanic additives, it was shown
that the use of shale ash allows the cement content to be stored up to 30% without
losing its main properties and also produces high compressive strength.
In 2009, Research Institute, through a laboratory study of a CAC plus fly ash
concluded that it has improved durability. Silesian University, in their research show
that the air-entraining additive has to be reduced. It was discovered that the cause of a
pulling air effect of superplasticizers is a decrease in the value of the surface tension of
the liquid phase in the paste.
In 2010, Harran University in a research showed that a higher percentage of
substitution of silica fume (SF) with respect to cement the specimens experienced the
resistance to compression increase. Institut National des Sciences Appliques in their
study confirm that the use of natural pozzolan from Algeria contributes to the
improvement of CAC resistance under attack with sulfuric and hydrochloric
acid. Southeast Univ. CAC are very sensitive to high temperatures despite their good
mechanical properties at room temperature. The resistance to hot compression decreases
as the temperature increases the exposure.
IV.

CAMPA A EXPERIMENTAL
DATA
CEMENT
BRAND AND SUN TYPE
MAKER
RELATIVE DENSITY g / cm3
AGGREGATES
Quarry
Profile
Unit weight loose (Kg / m3)
Compressed unit weight (Kg / m3)
Specific dry weight
Finesse module
TMN
Absorption

TYPE I
UNACEM
3.11
FINE
PACHACMAC
1.475
1,647
2,690
3.01
DO NOT
1.63%

THICK
JICAMARCA
ANGULAR
1,459
1.563
2,500
6.97
3/4 "
1.25%

Moisture Content
Additive plastol 5000

6.66%

0.45%
1%

ACI METHOD
CONCRETE CHARACTERISTICS
Compressive strength of concrete
Settlement
1) Required Strength: 210 kg / cm ^ 2
F'C
210 to 350
2) Particle size: 3/4 "

F'CR
F'C + 84

210 kg / cm 2
Fluid
F'CR
294

3) Settlement: Fluid
4) Water: 210 lt
5) Content Air: 2%
6) Ratio A / C: 0.5584
7) Cement content: 376kg
8) Coarse Aggregate Weight: 930kg
9) Additive Plastol 5000: with 1% reduces 24% water
Water * = 210kg-24% (210kg) = 160lt
Cement * = 287kg
Additive dose = = 2.61lt
9) 1m ^ 3
MATERIAL

WEIGH
T

Cement

287

Water
Air

160
2

coarse aggregate

930

Additive

2.61

10) fine aggregate weight: 942kg

VOL
0.35
PE
2690
11) Dry State

PE
311
0
100
0
250
0
100
0

VOLUM
E
0.0923
0.1600
0.0200
0.3720
0.00261
0.64691

Cement

287

Water design

160

Dry fine aggregate

942

Dry coarse aggregate

930
2.6

Additive
12) Wet state

Kg /
m3
Lt /
m3
Kg /
m3
Kg /
m3
Lt /
m3

Contribution of humidity of the aggregates:

DRY
HE HAS
MATERIAL
WEIGHT
%

WATER
FREE

Lt /
Fine
942
0.0503
47,383
m3
Lt /
Thick
930
-0.008
-7,440
m3
Contribution of humidity of the
Lt /
aggregates
39,943
m3
Lt /
effective water
160
-39,943
120.06
m3
Weights of the materials corrected by humidity of the aggregate, ase used
in the mixture will be:
Cement
287
Kg / m 3
effective water
120
Lt / m ^ 3
Wet fine aggregate
1005
Kg / m 3
Thick wet aggregate
934
Kg / m 3
Additive Plastol 5000
1% (287kg) = 2.87kg
PROPORTION IN DESIGN BY WEIGHT
1
3.5
3.25
A / C RELATIONSHIP

17.77

2%

Water / cement design

210
376
Effective water / cement
120
287
Run 3 SPECIMENS: 0.0180 m3 (cylindrical specimens 15cmx30cm)
CEMENT
SAND
5.17
18.09
Slump Diameter 51 cm

STONE
16.81

WATER
2.16

0.56
0.42

ADDITIVE
1%

At 7 days of life of the control with self-compacted concrete, the resistance test was
performed, resulting in 198.95 kg / cm2
V.

RESULTS

When making the Slump, a diameter of 51cm resulted, so it is stated that it is within
the parameter of a self-compacting concrete (diameter of a CAC of 45.5-81cm).
The compressive strength was 198.95 kg / cm2 at 5 days (94.74% of its required
strength), a comparison of resistances with a conventional concrete (150 kg / cm2)
showed a huge difference.
The relation water-cement of the design without additive is greater in reference with
the one of the design with presence of additive.
It can be observed that in the design there is a greater presence of fine aggregate.
VI.

AN Lysis
With the result of the diameter obtained in the slump in this investigation, it is fit for
use because it is within the range, if the diameter is greater than the allowed then it can
be affirmed that there will be presence of segregation and if it is smaller than the
diameter Lower will generate a fluid concrete and not the CAC, so it will not serve the
required work.
The resistance obtained shows that the dosages, the procedure are appropriate and the
aggregates are suitable, since it was designed for a resistance of 210kg / cm2, and this
reached 198.95 kg / cm2 after 5 days (take into account That a CAC reaches its
resistance quickly due to the use of the hyperplasticizing additive).
For a good CAC, a greater presence of fine aggregate (good consistency of paste) is
needed.
When compared to conventional concrete, it was deduced that the additive gives
greater resistance at early ages and decreases a percentage of design water,

VII.

CONCLUSIONS
Its placement on site is fast and easy, without mechanical vibration and on the
surface; So it lowers the costs of placement.
It reduces the noise by mechanical vibration, as well as increases the safety in the
work.
It facilitates the emptying in areas of difficult access of mechanical vibration and
gives opportunities to create architectural forms that with a conventional concrete would
not be achieved.
Homogenizes the mixture generating impermeability.
Increases the durability of concrete.

VIII.

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