INSTITUTE OF URBAN TRANSPORT (INDIA)

Session 7: Urban Transport Reforms

Training Workshop on City Bus Planning- 13th to 16th October 2014

Structure of Presentation
Introduction
SPV
UMTA
Urban Transport Fund
Advertisement policy
Parking Policy
Control Centre
Fare Revision Mechanism

Introduction

India - Urban Transportation Scene

Motorization rates are high and Rapid

High number of two wheelers and bicycle fleet

Trip lengths/Travel Times are increasing
Poor Air Quality- GHG Emissions

Road fatalities are very high and increasing

Inadequate network

Pedestrians and cyclists not included

in planning and implementation!

Basic facilities are missing (Unpaved roads/no drainage)

3-Wheelers, Bicycles and walking are major modes
Too many institutions

Steep rise in the number of registered personal vehicles over the years,
Proportion of total number of registered buses has declined from over 11% in 1951 to
a mere about 1% in 2012.

Public Transport Issues

Issues
Lack of proper operation planning
Lack of proper Bus technology
Lack of Proper Infrastructure
planning
Lack of Maintenance and
Management System

Lack of proper ITS Planning

Bus operation by State
Transport Undertaking (STUs)
Lack of proper financial
planning
Lack of urban transport
reforms

Effect

Until 2009, only about 15 cities with million plus population had a
formalized public transport operator operating buses in the urban and
rural areas.
The remaining either had informally operating buses or had
intermediate modes catering to the needs of public mobility.
Broadly, most cities either did not have any formal system of public
transport or had very unreliable services which were poor in quantity,
quality and reliability.

Times of
Crippled
Urban
Transport
Systems

MoUD Initiatives- Bus Funding Scheme

Bus Finding scheme in 2009 and 2013
Providing funding assistance to State Governments and ULBs
Under this scheme, total of 27,270 modern buses were sanctioned to
176 cities
Launched Urban Bus Specifications (UBS) -II

Cities purchased ergonomically designed high quality buses for their urban
areas to provide impetus to safe & affordable mobility in urban areas.

BMTC 900mm Diesel

APSRTC -400mm CNG Non AC

Uttarakhand 900mm Diesel

APSRTC 900mm Diesel

Ujjain 900mm Diesel

West Bengal 900mm Diesel

Nagpur 900mm Diesel

Nanded Mini Bus Diesel

UPSRTC 400mm Diesel Non AC

PMT 400mm CNG AC

BMTC 400mm AC

Better
buses,
Better
cities

IRT (TN) FESLF Diesel

Nagpur FESLF Diesel

CSTC, WB FESLF Diesel

BMTC SLF Diesel

APSRTC FESLF Diesel

KESRTC Mini Bus

Chennai FESLF Diesel

KESRTC RESLF Diesel

Chennai 400mm LF

Better
buses,
Better
cities

MoUD Initiatives- Mandatory Reforms

2009 Scheme- Only for JNNURM Cities
Setting up of SPV
Setting up of a city-level Unified Metropolitan Transport Authority
(UMTA) for all one million plus cities
Setting up of a Dedicated UTF at state level and city level
Change in bye-laws and Master Plan of cities to integrate landuse and transport
Periodically revision of fares.
Waiver of state taxes at state level
Advertisement policy and parking Policy to be developed for the
entire city
ITS through SPV for bus services preferably on PPP,.

Improving
the
availability
and
quality of
buses in
Indian
cities

12

MoUD Initiatives- Mandatory Reforms

2013 Scheme- All Notified Municipalities / Municipal Corporation

Fare
TOD Contr Waive
Advertise
Revisi
Parking
Polic ol
r of
ment
Policy
on
y
Policy
centre Taxes
Policy

City Size UMTA

SPV

Urban
Transport
Fund

1-10
lakhs

More than
Y
10 lakhs

13

Reforms

14

Special Purpose Vehicle

Specialized and effective agency to monitor implementation and performance

Develop appropriate support systems required for improving PT infrastructure.
To provide or secure or promote an efficient, economical, reliable and properly
coordinated system the road transport.
Function
Assessment of passenger demand, network planning ,service planning and
scheduling.
Procurement of buses, infrastructure development, integrating feeder services,
fare /revenue
Monitoring
Establishment of Contracts

Special Purpose Vehicle

It must be registered
Composition
Administrative Division: HR, Internal Accounts, External Audit and
Legal Services, Other Administrative Functions
Financial and Marketing Division:
Payments to Operators and other Support Services, Interfaces with
Planning Division in Fare Structure Planning, Marketing and Non
Fare Box Revenue Collection
Operators Division:
Central Control Centre, Fare Collection, Monitors Quality of Rolling
Stock of Operators, Principal Interface between SPV and Operators,
Infrastructure Maintenance
Planning Division:
Plans Routing and Frequency on a regular basis
Future Expansion of the system
Interfaces with External Consultants for Planning and Design
Deals Government Bodies and
Monitors Infrastructure Development

Special Purpose Vehicle

Shareholders may be composed of

Secretary, Transport/Urban Development
Rep. of Secretary UDD/ Transport
Rep. of Secretary Finance
SP/ Traffic
Rep. of PWD
Technical Expert
Eminent Citizen
CEO, Municipal Council/ Corporation
Commissioner, Development Authority
Members of State Level Nodal Agencies

JCTSL
Planning and
Management

Maintenance
through AMC

Support
Infrastructure

Service
Provider

Bus Operator

Fare Fixation

Data
Maintenance

Bus Terminals

ITS Network

Day to day
Maintenance

Quality
Standards

Reconditioning

Bus Q shelter

GPS

Bus Operation

Route and
Network Design

Retreading
major repairs

Bus Depots

E Ticketing

Fare Collection

ITMS System

Data Collection

Monitoring

Off bus fare

collection

Overseeing
revenue
collection

Contract
Management

Special Purpose Vehicle- Examples

Raipur, Bhopal, Jabalpur, Bhubanashewar & Puri, Pune & Pimpri Chinchwad,
Jaipur, Ajmer, Indore, Chennai, Nanded, Vijayawada, Vishakhapatnam, Ujjain,
Guwahati, Agartala, Delhi, Bangalore, BEST, Ahmadabad

ORganizational structure for city bus operations

0thers
8%
No
informatio
n
8%

City Specific
Division/
Organization
32%

City Specific SPV

52%

19

Unified Metropolitan Transport Authority (UMTA)

Objective: To facilitate more coordinated planning and implementation
of urban transport programmes & projects and integrated management of
urban transport systems

Function
UMMTA shall try to bring co-ordination between the different institutions
under them
Plan public transport network and route structure, and also recommend
appropriate technologies.
Area Traffic Improvements and Safety
Regulation/ Licensing

Unified Metropolitan Transport Authority (UMTA)

Ensuring the activeness of organization dedicated secretariat which is
appropriately staffed by a mix of urban and transport planners, engineers and
economists etc.
Empowering the UMTA with powers
Overriding effect on all urban transport matters of the metropolitan area.
Provision of a legislative backing could be ideal.
Act has to be prepared
Providing financial powers to the UMTA.
Status of a financing authority and approval agency for investments.
Public Investment Board (PIB) can be formulated
Examine the investment plans put forward by the individual departments
in lieu of the respective public sector undertakings.
All the investment plans with an estimated costing of Rs 50 Crores and
more must fall under the purview of the UMTA.

UMTA- Status
Directorate
of Urban
Land
Transport
(DULT),
Bangalore
Bangalore
Metropolitan

Land
Transport
Authority
(BMLTA)
NUTP

2006

UMTA for
Rajasthan
urban areas
UMTA for
MMR Region
in Mah State
UMTA for
Hyderabad

Draft UMTA
Bill discussed

2007

UMTA for

Bhubaneswar

& Puri

UMTA for
Jharkhand,
Ranchi,
Jamshedpur

Mysore City
Land
Transport
Authority
(MCLTA)
UMTA for
Uttar
Pradesh
urban areas
UMTA for
Chennai

UMTA for
Kohima
city

Landmark

JNNURM PT
Bus Funding

2008

2009

UMTA for 4
cities in MP

NTDPC + 12 FYP GoI

Recommendations

Interventions

2010

2011

2012

22

Urban Transport Fund (UTF)

Objective:
To promote planning, development, operation and management of the city
transport system through financial support.
To promote improvement in road safety aspects like accident analysis,
prevention, road geometric improvements, signals, signs, Road user
education etc
To sustain and expand the transit operations (city buses) and to develop
the transit infrastructure (bus stands, terminals, inter-changes, depots,
workshops) parking facilities, ITS facilities, NMT etc
Sources
Surcharge on stamp duty levied on all property transaction
VAT on petrol, oil, diesel and lubricants;
Development charge levied on all planning permissions issued;
MV Tax collected in the Metro Area
Shops and Establishment Levy, Tax on Employment, Surcharge Levy on
Octroi Rates, Sale of Government Land and other Property

Urban Transport Fund (UTF)

Suitable mechanism shall have to
be evolved for the concerned
secretariat to judge/appraise the
claim
Put it up for approval from UMTA,
and
Disbursement of the same to the
concerned agency for
implementation.

Ahmedabad, Bangalore,
Navi
Mumbai,
Mirabhayandar, Jaipur,
Bhopal,
Hyderabad,
Dombilvilli,
PCMC,
Bhubanashewar & Puri,
Shillong, Agartala

Mysore,
Thane,
Kolkata,
Kalyan
Nagpur,
Ajmer,

24

Advertisement Policy
Need: To tap advertisement revenue on public transport.

Objective
To regulate the erection, location, exhibition, fixation, size, shape,
retention or display of advertisement in any manner in non-prohibited
areas.
To encourage the innovative use of design to achieve aesthetic and
commercial balance.
To promote safety of the public.

Source
Bus shelters
On bus body [exterior & interior]
On tickets or smart card
On bus terminals
Website
Footover bridges etc

25

Parking Policy
Need: For parking facility regulation, pricing, management and
design decisions
Objective
To relieve congestion on streets
To ensure optimal use of the road network, considering network
characteristics and constraints.
To control the amount of on-street parking to improve traffic flow and
safety, and minimise interference with access and servicing.
To design suitable system for effective management of parking
facilities, supported by sustainable parking standards
Technology
At grade parking
Multi storied manual parking spaces, multi storied semi-automatic
parking spaces

Parking Policy
Licensing of Parking Places: All parking lots, on street or off-street will
need to be licensed by the competent authority.
Parking Standards: Parking standards for various land uses should be
evolved and implemented. The basic considerations to include:
Parking Pricing:
Parking pricing should be judiciously devised to manage the parking
problem on the demand side and seen in the context of encouraging
use of public transport.
It is to be ensured that the parking fee is scheduled in such a manner
that the turnover of the parking spaces may be maximum

Panaji, BEST, Mira-bhayandhar, Navi Mumbai, Pune, PCMC,

Chandigarh, Kolkata

27

Control Centre
To optimise the traffic performance of a network.
To enable faster incident response and reduction in incident rates.
To reduce congestion on the arterial network of the city.
To increase traffic safety
To enhance communication in all aspects of transportation
management (planning, design, implementation, operation,
maintenance)
Monetary savings by sharing responsibilities between fewer staff
To reduce delay to vehicles
To reduce environmental pollution
To provide real time information
To use real time and temporal data for communication for control
mechanisms, Traffic engineering & design and Transportation
planning uses

Conceptualization and Design

Control Systems/ IT Infrastructure required based on the ability
to combine different systems and products, capital and maintenance
cost, computing power and availability.
Hardware and Software functional specification - Specifications
for the main equipment
Data requirements
Data required and the updating periodicity will have to be
decided, along with the data capture technique/technology
Storage format and medium
Retrieval mechanism and dissemination requirements
Reporting requirements
Generate required management reports
Reports will constitute a key element of the planning and
monitoring system.
Different types of regular and exception reports to improve the
efficiency of the system would be identified.

Delhi, Indore, Bhopal, Mysore, Ahmedabad

29

Fare Revision Mechanism

A regulatory/institutional mechanism has to be set up to periodically revise
fares for all public transport system to keep up with increasing O& M and
capital cost

Objective
To generate required cash inflow to sustain the system in long run.
To maximise revenue, minimise cost of operation.

Method
FN = 0.4 [FPN FPO] + 0.3 [CPIN CPIO] + 0.3 [AMCN AMCO] + FO
FN- New Fare
FO Old Fare
FPN New Fuel Price
FPO Old Fuel Price

CPIN New Consumer Price Index

CPIO Old Consumer Price Index
AMCN AMC Rate/km
AMCO - Old AMC Rate/km

Bhopal, Ahmedabad

Thank You

Office Address
1st Floor, Anand Vihar Metro
Station Building,
(Entry adjacent to Gate No 1)
Delhi - 110 092.
Tel.: (91) 11 66578700-09,
Fax.: (91) 11 66578733
www.iutindia.org

Training room (1) with U shape seating arrangement

IUT Member library with reading tables

Training room (2) with group seating arrangement IUT administration section