Professional Documents
Culture Documents
SPECIFICATION
TABLE OF
Conte
nt
1
2
SCOPE OF WORK/DEFINITIONS
SUBMISSIONS
MATERIALS
4.1
General
4.2
Concrete Generally
4.3
Cement
4.4
Aggregates
4.5
Water
4.6
4.7
Other Materials
CONCRETE MIXES
5.1
Designed Mix
5.2
Trial Mixes
5.3
5.4
Site Mixing
5.5
Workability
5.6
Distribution of Concrete
5.7
Placing Concrete
5.8
Blinding
5.9
Waterproof Concrete
5.10
5.11
Temperature
5.12
TESTING OF CONCRETE
6.1
6.2
Slump Tests
6.3
6.4
Structure Tests
7
7.1
7.2
7.3
Cutting of Concrete
7.4
7.5
7.6
Tolerances
REINFORCING STEEL
8.1
General
8.2
Storage
8.3
8.4
8.5
Fixing Reinforcement
FORMWORK
9.1
General
9.2
Construction
9.3
Miscellaneous
9.4
9.5
Finishes
10
10.1
General
10.2
Retaining Walls
10.3
10.4
Shrinkage Bays
10.5
Water Bars
13
11
COORDINATION DRAWINGS
12
SCOPE OF WORK/DEFINITIONS
This Specification relates to the constituent materials and mixing of concrete
and its structural use in building and civil engineering works. Unless
otherwise stated all work shall conform to the latest edition of the
Vietnamese standards: TCXDVN 356: 2005 Reinforced Concrete Structure Design Standards, TCVN 4453: 1995 Concrete and Reinforced Concrete
Structure - Construction and Inspection Procedures.
SUBMISSIONS
2.1
2.2
Type of formwork
2.3
Summary The fact that the Contractor has used materials, etc to the
approval of The Investor Representative shall in no way relieve him of
his responsibilities of producing a concrete of the required
characteristic strength, workability, shrinkage characteristics, etc for
the purpose to which it is put.
3.2
MATERIALS
4.1
General
Materials used in the works shall be of the qualities and kinds specified
herein and equal to approved samples. Delivery shall be made sufficiently in
advance to enable samples to be taken and tested if required. No materials
shall be used until and unless approved and materials not approved shall be
immediately removed from the works at the Contractor's expense.
Materials shall be transported, handled and stored on the site or elsewhere
in such a manner as to prevent damage, deterioration or contamination all
to the satisfaction of The Investor Representative. The Investor
Representative reserves the right to inspect any materials to be used in the
works at any time and at any place of storage.
Unless otherwise specified or otherwise agreed to by The Investor
Representative, materials shall comply with the appropriate Standards, with
preference for materials of local manufacture. Where the requirements of the
relevant Standards are in conflict with this Specification then this
Specification shall take precedence.
If required, the Contractor shall supply to The Investor Representative the
appropriate certificate of compliance with the Standards. Notwithstanding
the above, tests shall be carried out as and when directed by The Investor
Representative in accordance with the relevant Standards. Materials for tests
shall be provided and delivered by the Contractor at his cost, to an approved
laboratory. Testing fees shall be borne by the Contractor.
4.2
Concrete Generally
The Contractor shall be entirely responsible for the control of the quality of
the concrete manufactured and placed in the Works. Where concrete is
required to resist water pressure, the Contractor shall ensure that the
concrete remains completely watertight and shall guarantee the watertightness of all such structures. The Contractor shall at his own expense
carry out any remedial measures to the satisfaction of the Architect which
may be necessary to make such structures watertight whether leakage is
through the concrete or through the joints.
4.3
Cement
Aggregates
The methods and procedures for testing aggregates will include but not
necessarily be restricted to those prescribed in the following standards:
Cylinder crushing Test
TCVN 1771:
TCVN
4.5
Water
Water used for mixing concrete and mortar shall have no impurity content
exceeding the permissible limits which affect the hardening time of the
concrete/mortar as well as reducing the durability of concrete when being
used. Water for mixing of concrete/mortar must be in accordance to the
requirements of TCXDVN-302: 2004 Water for mixing of concrete and
mortar: Technical Requirements
No colour when using for decorating concrete and mortar.
From the purpose of using, dissolved calcium content, ion sulphate content,
ion clorua and undissolved sediment not more than figure quoted in the
following table:
Purpose of use
Water for mixing concrete
and mortar filling joints for
reinforced concrete
Water for mixing mass
concrete and for mortar
Dissolve
d
Claciu
5000
2000
100
0
Undissol
ve d
sedimen
200
350
300
0
When water is used with aggregates having potential base-silica reaction,
total ion natrium and kalium content not more than 1000mg/l
4.6
10000
Permissible
Limit
Ion
Ion
Sulphate
Cloru
-2
(SO
)
a
2700
Other Materials
CONCRETE MIXES
The concrete mixes specified follow the Vietnamese Standard for specifying
concrete for strength.
Whenever possible, ready mixed concrete shall be used. Site mix may be
used if ready mixed concrete is not available or in case of small quantities,
but only with the prior approval in writing from The Investor Representative
Mixing on site by hand is not allowed unless approved by The Investor
Representative.
Unless otherwise stated, concrete mix means designed mix
5.1
Designed Mix
5.2
Trial Mixes
Trial mixes are required to verify the mix design for each concrete grade on
the project. Twelve 150 mm compression test cubes should be prepared
from each trial mix. Six cubes shall be tested at 7 days and six cubes at 28
days of age. The sampling, making, curing and testing of these works test
cubes shall be in accordance with TCVN 3105:1993. The mean strength and
individual strength of the works test cubes are to comply with the
requirements of Vietnamese Standards TCVN 3118:1993. No concrete shall
be placed until the trial mix results are approved by The Investor
Representative.
The Investor Representative may accept evidence of test results furnished
by the concrete supplier proving that the prepared mix is satisfactory. In
such cases, the trial mixes may be waived.
The Investor Representative may, at his discretion, instruct the Contractor to
modify/improve the mix design during the works if he deems it necessary to
meet the requirements. This shall not entitle the Contractor to any extra
payment.
5.3
Quantity of concrete
Agreed slump
Site Mixing
Workability
The Investor Representative if the deviation of the slump from the agreed
value is more than 25 mm.
Water must not be added after the completion of the mixing.
5.6
Distribution of Concrete
5.7
Placing Concrete
uniformly plastic.
Vibration, with any type of vibrator, shall not be continued in any one
spot to the extent that pools of grout are formed. Care shall be given
to avoid any disturbance of concrete which
or in layers of such
on concrete which has
seams and planes of
of concrete which has
Limiting
Remarks
Dimensions
Slab on grade
50 sq m
Suspended slab
500 sq m
Ratio of
Length/width
not
Ratio
ofgreater than
5 Linear
mtr
25 Linear
mtr
Length/width
not greater
Height
of pourthan
up
to 4m
Height of pour up
to 4m
Retaining walls
Other walls
5.7.4 Curing
After setting, concrete shall be protected during the first state of
hardening from the harmful effects of rain, sunshine and drying winds,
by one or more of the following :
.
5.8
Waterproof Concrete
leakage of water in the finished work are due to failure of the Contractor to
comply with this specification, the affected work shall be made good at the
Contractor's expense.
Water bars shall be provided in all construction joints and the type of waterbar will be as specified or to the approval of The Investor Representative. All
water-bars will be joined by welding strictly in accordance with the
manufacturer's recommendations and all multiple joints and special
intersections shall be manufactured by the supplier.
Before commencement of work, the Contractor shall obtain The Investor
Representatives approval of the methods to be used to support and
maintain the water-bars in the correct location while the
concrete is placed and also the layout and form of all additional construction
joints other than those shown on the drawings. Unless indicated otherwise
on the drawings, all construction joints in waterproof concrete shall be
formed incorporating water-bars to The Investor Representatives approval.
All service holes cast in shall incorporate sleeves with puddle flanges and
temporary openings for services should incorporate water-bars.
Care shall be taken at all times to ensure that water-bars are not perforated
or damaged in any way and the concrete shall be carefully placed and
compacted around the water-bars to ensure void free impervious concrete.
All kickers or starter plinths to walls (if used) on the periphery of the
watertight construction shall be cast monolithically with the base.
The formwork shall comply with this Specification and in addition any bolt or
fastening embedded in or passing through the concrete shall be to the
approval of The Investor Representatives and not impair the watertightness
of the structure. The use of through bolts and sleeves is strictly prohibited.
Special attention shall be given to the elimination of shrinkage or thermal
cracking. The size of any bay or slab or wall and sequence of pouring shall
be such as to minimise cracking. (see clause
5.7.3 for guidance)
Slotted inserts or sockets cast into the structural concrete shall be provided
for all fixings including services. The cutting of holes in watertight concrete
is strictly prohibited.
The Contractor is completely responsible for making all basements
absolutely watertight. If any leakages or moist patches occur, the cost of
any repairs, etc. to make the basements fully watertight will be borne by the
Contractor. The Contractor is to give a ten year guarantee for
watertightness, reckoned from the date of completion of basements. The
form of guarantee is to be to the satisfaction of the Client. Should any leaks
or dampness occur during the Guarantee period of ten years, the Contractor
shall, at no cost to the Client, immediately re-waterproof the defective area
or areas and make good all damages to surface finishes such as plaster,
painting, panelling, tiling, etc. electrical or other installations or other
property, caused by leaks or dampness or re- imburse the Client for making
good such damages.
5.10 Temperature
No concrete shall be mixed or placed while the temperature is above 35
degrees centigrade (C) on a rising thermometer or above 40 degrees
centigrade (C) on a falling thermometer. The Contractor shall supply an
accurate maximum and minimum thermometer and hang it in an approved
position in the Works.
The Contractor shall plan the days concrete in such a manner as to ensure
that each bay or panel is completed at a proper construction joint before the
temperature rises above the permissible limit.
The Contractor shall allow in his rates for any additional expenses incurred
by complying with this Clause in order to complete the works within the
"Time for Completion".
b)
c)
d)
Shading of formwork and reinforcement from the sun and drying winds.
e)
f)
g)
TESTING OF CONCRETE
6.1
b.
B
1 1, 64 v
6.2
(unit MPa);
Slump Tests
The Investor Representative may instruct that tests be made on any portion
of the Works for the purpose of checking the strength of cast-in-situ
concrete. If ordered, such tests shall be performed in accordance with the
recommendations of Vietnamese Standards.
Alternatively, samples may be cored and tested in compression.
The Contractor shall bear the costs of these tests, if they are required because
of cube test failure.
6.4
Structure Tests
The Investor Representative may instruct that a load test be made on the
Works or any part there of for any of the following reasons:
(a) Concrete test cubes have failed to attain the specified strength.
(b) The shuttering was prematurely removed.
(c) There had been overloading during construction of the Works or part
thereof.
(d) The concrete was improperly cured.
(e) Any other circumstances attributable to alleged negligence on the
part of the Contractor which, in the opinion of The Investor
Representative, results in the Works or part thereof being of less
than the expected strength.
(f)
If the loading test is instructed to be made solely or in part for the reason as
in (a), the test shall be made at the Contractor's own cost. If the test be
required for one or more of the reasons (b) to (f) inclusive, the Contractor
shall be reimbursed for the cost of the test if the result thereof be
satisfactory
6.4.1
Load Tests
7.1
Pile Caps
The Contractor shall ensure that all piles are trimmed and finished to The
Investor Representatives satisfaction before constructing pile caps.
The piles shall be thoroughly washed clean of all adhering foreign matter
before the blinding layer is placed. A temporary sump pit shall be excavated
beside each pile cap to provide approximately
0.5 cubic metres below blinding level for rain water run off. Blinding shall be
laid with falls to the sump.
When formwork is fixed, drainage outlets shall be provided to allow
rainwater to pass into the sump. During concreting the Contractor shall take
suitable precautions to prevent rain from damaging the mix. The concreting
programme shall be arranged such that a sloping face is always provided
away from previously cast areas and this face is worked towards the
drainage outlets. Pumps shall be on hand throughout concreting in case of
rain.
Pile caps shall be cast in one continuous operation, construction joints shall
not be allowed. The Contractor shall exercise particular attention in vibrating
the concrete around starter bars and pile heads.
7.2
The Contractor shall submit to The Investor Representative for his approval
details of the formwork which must be endorsed by the Contractor's
Professional Engineer. Fair face finish shall be provided except where
special finishes are required by the Architect.
Concrete shall be placed in one operation and no construction joints shall be
permitted. The concrete shall be mechanically compacted so that the
surface of the cast concrete is perfectly smooth, free from all cavities and of
a uniform colour.
The Contractor shall submit his proposals in writing to The Investor
Representative for lifting, stacking, transporting and placing. At all times the
members shall be protected from shock and injury especially during the
curing period. The members when stacked shall be covered to prevent
staining from the weather or other causes.
No structural precast member shall be lifted into its final position until a
period of 28 days after casting without the written approval of The Investor
Representative.
The Contractor shall ensure that no shock, distortion or other injury occurs
during the lifting operations and shall protect any architectural feature with
protective fenders. Any structural precast members found to be cracked or
otherwise inferior in quality before or after erection, shall be rejected by The
Investor Representative and replaced by the Contractor at his own cost.
Whenever a pocket or void is left out in any structural member, it shall be
reinstated by dry packing and pressure grouting to achieve at least the
same strength as the member with guaranteed zero shrinkage.
Where precast work is jointed with grout, 1:1 cement mortar shall be used.
The Contractor shall take care to position and secure the units before
grouting. The grout shall be introduced as shown on The Investor
Representatives drawing so that all voids are filled and air pockets expelled.
7.3
Cutting of Concrete
The general contractor shall execute all cutting and making good of
concrete which may be necessary either for the proper execution of the
work under his contract or for the convenience of other contractors. No
other contractor is authorised to cut concrete in any way. No cutting of
concrete shall be permitted which will in any way reduce the strength of the
member in question. The Investor Representatives permission must first be
obtained before any cutting takes place.
7.4
The temperature of the liquid, gas or vapour shall not exceed 50C.
7.6
One and a half times the nominal maximum size of the aggregate.
Tolerances
REINFORCING STEEL
8.1
General
Round plain mild steel bar to TCVN 1651:1985, grade CI; or equivalent
(denoted with the letter R)
Any other steel of a type and quality shall be approved by The Investor
Representative in writing.
Reinforcement shall be free from pitting, loose rust, mill scale, paint, oil,
grease, adhering earth or any other material that may impair the bond
between the concrete and the reinforcement or cause the disintegration of
the concrete. No adhering limewash or cement grout shall be permitted.
Each consignment of reinforcement may be tested for compliance with TCVN
6285-1997 and Certificates of origin shall be produced. Selection of test
pieces shall be made by The Investor Representative.
The Contractor shall bear all costs involved in making the tests. The
Contractor shall have no claim for bars mutilated in obtaining test pieces.
All reinforcement shall be of the diameter, length and material shown on the
drawings. Bar bending schedules shall be prepared by the Contractor.
8.2
Storage
The Contractor shall provide power plant necessary for cutting and bending
of reinforcement on site in accordance with Bending Schedules, prepared by
the Contractor.
Reinforcement shall be cut and bent in accordance with Vietnamese
Standards TCXDVN 356-2005 unless particularly noted on drawing. Bars shall
be bent cold and by machine.
Bars incorrectly bent shall be used only if the means used for straightening
and rebending will not damage the material.
8.4
8.5
Fixing Reinforcement
Fixing of reinforcement shall conform to Vietnamese Standards TCVN 44531995 v TCXDVN 356- 2005, unless otherwise noted on drawing.
Bars in lapped splices shall be in close contact and should be wired together.
Bending of bars hot or splicing of bars by welding is not permitted unless
shown on the drawings or approved by The Investor Representative.
Care shall be taken that the binding wire is kept well clear of the face of the
concrete to prevent damage due to corrosion of the wire. Stainless tying
wire shall be used for exposed concrete surfaces where the wire is within the
cover zone.
No concreting shall be commenced until The Investor Representative has
inspected the reinforcement in position and until his approval has been
obtained.
Reinforcement projecting from work being concreted or already concreted
shall not be bent out of its correct position for any reason unless approved
and shall be protected from deformation or other damage.
Adequate precautions shall be taken at all times to ensure that
reinforcement in slabs and beams is protected from displacement by
constructional traffic by the use of, for example, properly constructed and
supported barrow runs and walking boards.
Distribution reinforcement shall be scheduled, where possible, in standard
stock lengths. The Contractor shall fix it in accordance with the general
instructions contained on The Investor Representatives drawings by either
cutting suitable lengths on site or pre-ordering cut lengths from his suppliers.
Concrete cover to all reinforcement shall be as described on the drawings
and shall be provided and maintained within a tolerance of 3mm under and
over (except where specified as minimum).
Cover to reinforcement shall be provided, using concrete blocks or preformed chairs of a type to be approved by The Investor Representative and
adequately spaced to ensure that no displacement of reinforcement occurs
during placing of concrete. The cost of these chairs are deemed to be
included in the tender. If concrete blocks are used, they must be of the same
density and strength as the concrete in the member.
FORMWORK
9.1
General
Provision shall be made in the formwork for any perforations, sinking or the
inclusion of any built-in parts as required.
The written approval of The Investor Representative must be obtained before
either metal or plastic formwork is used.
No untreated formwork shall be left in. Should it be not possible to extract
formworks, in such areas anti-termited treat formwork or bondek sall be
used as permanent formwork.
9.2
Construction
then the Contractor shall at his expense adopt any other method which The
Investor Representative may deem fit to provide for such opening.
External vibrators, where approved, shall be fixed to the framing members
and not to individual boards on the face.
All rubbish, chippings, shavings, etc shall be removed from the interior of
formwork immediately before concrete is placed, first by compressed air and
then by a jet of water. Temporary openings shall be formed for the inspection
of the inside of the formwork and for the escape of water used for washing.
The Contractor may use an approved form oil which is compatible with the
required finish to coat the faces of the formwork in contact with the
concrete. Such oils shall be insoluble in water, non- staining, not injurious to
the concrete and shall not become flaky or be removed by rain or wash
water. Diesel oil and liquids which retard the setting of the concrete shall not
be used. The same approved type of form oil shall be used throughout all
works. The application of the form oil shall be
for
Formwork
to
Support
Post
Miscellaneous
The soffits of formwork for suspended beams of more than 5m span shall
be generally laid to an upward camber towards the centre of 5mm for
every 1 m of span in excess of 5m. For cantilever beams or slabs, 5mm
upward camber shall be provided for every 1m of span.
The soffits of formwork for suspended slabs of more than 6m shall be
generally laid to an upward camber of 5mm per 1m span. The cambers to
which flat slabs are laid shall be agreed with The Investor Representative
prior to work commencing.
In special cases, where structural members are exposed in elevation or in
any position in which architectural details are affected the camber to be
used shall be agreed with The Investor Representative prior to work
commencing.
9.4
All formwork and props shall be removed without undue vibration, shock or
damage to the concrete.
Proper precautions shall be taken to ensure that the concrete is sufficiently
mature at the time of striking.
The following table shall be used to determine striking times.
Where the member concerned may be called upon to take construction
loading from higher floors, propping shall be agreed with The Investor
Representative in writing prior to work commencing.
Rapid Hardening
Cement Concrete
TABLE OF STRIKING
TIMES
Type of Member
Normal
Portland
Cement
Concrete
Beam Sides,
Walls
days
1 day
4 days
3 days
10 days
5 days
Removal of props to
slabs as above
8 days
5 days
& Columns
(unloaded)
left
undisturbed)
21 days
8 days
Removal of
props to beams
and flat slabs
Finishes
9.5.1 Fair-Faced Finish (Permanently Exposed Concrete Face
Before the commencement of work on concrete to be exposed
permanently, the Contractor shall erect a sample of the formwork and
cast the sample finish. The finish as approved by the Architect must
be maintained throughout the Contract. Where the resulting finish of a
completed work is not considered by the Architect to meet the
standard of the approved sample panel, the Contractor may be
required to remove the work completely and reconstruct or carry out
such surface treatment as may be required by the Architect. This work
shall be done entirely at the Contractor's expense.
For concrete to receive an applied finish, the Contractor shall prepare
sample panels to assess the self finishing properties of the chosen mix
and its compatibility with the applied finish.
9.5.2 Permanently Exposed Concrete Finishes Derived from
Formwork
The formwork for permanently exposed concrete shall be specially
designed to provide the required finish. The faces of the formwork
against which the concrete is to be placed shall be hard and with a
wrought finish or lined with an approved non-staining form lining if
required. An approved non-staining form oil shall be used to coat the
face to facilitate easy removal of the formwork. The entire formwork
shall be sufficiently rigid to give clean true finish.
The texture and quality of the surface finish shall be consistently
maintained throughout the project. The type of cement, formwork
materials, form oil and the source of the aggregate shall remain
unchanged at all stages of the project. The Contractor shall, at the
commencement of the work, ensure that adequate supplies of these
materials are available for the duration of the construction.
During the placing of the concrete, the Contractor shall take special
care to thoroughly compact the concrete especially in areas nearer
the formwork in order that the finished surface is free of water and air
holes.
After the formwork is carefully removed, the Contractor shall notify
The Investor Representative who shall inspect the surface. If
instructed by The Investor Representative, the Contractor shall then
proceed to remove any fins and wash down the surface.
Thereafter, only the most noticeable surface blemishes shall be filled
with a cement and fine aggregate paste, the colour of which shall
10
10.1 General
Structural movement joints shall be provided in the position indicated on
The Investor Representatives drawings.
Such joints shall be formed in the manner indicated on the drawings.
The filling medium used is to be adequately secured to one of the members
which it separates so as to prevent subsequent displacement. Unless
otherwise specified the separating material for vertical joints shall be 10mm
foamed polystyrene sheet.
All exposed face of such joints shall be sealed by approved 10mm x 10mm
polysulphide sealant all round. Similarly such joints shall be protected by a
layer of volclay or approved equivalent all round the joint along the mid
depth of the joint. Such material shall be secured to already cast concrete
member.
10.2 Retaining Walls
Shrinkage joints incorporating water bars of the form approved by the
Engineer shall be provided at not more than 8m centres. Construction joints
shall coincide with shrinkage joints.
10.3 Load Bearing Joints (Sliding Joints)
The joints shall be formed
Representatives drawings.
to
the
details
shown
on
The
Investor
The horizontal separating medium shall be laid first in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions, the edge of the material being accurately
aligned with the "free" edge of the bearing surface.
The vertical separating medium shall then be fixed to the concrete using a
suitable adhesive taking care that its edges are true, square and in contact
with horizontal separating medium for its full length.
When the separating mediums have been finally positioned they shall be
completely covered with a suitable gauge of polythene sheet in order to
exclude grout during subsequent casting operations.
Immediately after removal of the formwork the exposed edges of the joint
shall be cleaned and the edges of the separating media left exposed.
11
COORDINATION DRAWINGS
The Contractor shall submit coordination drawings for the concrete
structure, based on Architectural and Structural Engineers' drawings
comprising:
Site plan and sections incorporating all external works, roads, culverts,
drains, slopes, etc. showing all existing and proposed levels. Drawings
showing all existing information within and around the site shall be
submitted at the commencement and updated subsequently to incorporate
proposed works.
All floors layout plans with sections showing all structural members with
sizes and incorporating structural and finished levels, including all openings,
voids required architecturally or to accommodate M&E services. These
drawings shall be submitted prior to fixing any formwork and reinforcement.
Similarly, drawings for minor sewer incorporating all existing and proposed
lines, manholes, connections, etc shall be submitted as and when required
by The Investor Representative.
12
PRECAUTIONS AGAINST ALKALI-SILICA REACTION (ASR) IN
CONCRETE
Concrete mixes for use in permanent works in all locations shall comply with
one of the Clauses.The Contractor shall notify The Investor Representative of
his proposals for complying with this requirement.
The cementitious material shall have a reactive alkali content not exceeding
a maximum value of 0.6% by mass when defined and tested in accordance
with Vietnamese Standards.
The total mass of reactive alkali in the concrete mix shall not exceed 3.0
kg/m3 of concrete when defined, tested and calculated in accordance with
Vietnamese Standards.
The aggregate shall be classed as non-reactive in accordance with the
definition in Vietnamese Standards.
Standards Title
TCVN 5308-1991 Norms of safety techniques in construction
TCVN 2682-1992 Portland cement. Technical requirements
TCVN 5691-1992 White Portland Cement. Technical requirements
TCVN 6067-1992 Sulphate Resisting Portland Cement. Technical Requirements.
TCVN 7570-2006 Fine and Coarse Aggregates, Gravel. Technical Requirements.
TCVN 7572-2006 Fine and Coarse Aggregates, Gravel. Testing Mehods.
TCVN 4314-1986 Building Mortar. Technical Requirements.
TCXDVN 302-2004 Water for Concrete and Mortar. Technical Requirements.
TCVN 5440-1991 Concrete. Durability Inspection and Assessment. General
Regulations
TCVN 5592-1991 Heavy Concrete. Requirements for Natural Moist Curing.
TCVN 6025-95 Concrete. Classification by Compressive Strength.
TCXD 173-89 KDT2 Plasticizer for Mortar and Concrete in Construction.
TCVN 3101-1979 Cold Drawing Low Carbon Steel Wire for Reinforced Concrete
Constructions.
TCVN 4453-1995 Concrete and Reinforced Concrete Structure. Construction and
Inspection Procedures
TCVN 1651-1985 Hot Rolled Steel for Reinforced Concrete
TCVN 5709-1993 Hot Rolled Carbon Steel for Building. Technical Requirements.
TCXD 356-2005 Reinforced Concrete Structure. Design Standards
TCXD 198-1991 High-rise Building. Design for Reinforced Concrete Structure
TCXD 170-1989 Steel Structure Fabrication, Installation and Inspection
TCVN 5593-1991 Civil Building Dimensional Tolerance
TCXDVN 374-2006 Ready-Mixed Concrete Specification and Acceptance
TCXDVN 325-2004 Chemical Admixtures for Concrete Technical requirements and
Testing Methods
TCXDVN 191-1996 Concrete and Aggregates Definitions