INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH IN EMERGING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

E-ISSN: 2349-7610

Wireless Fire Fighting Robot

Swati A. Deshmukh1, Karishma A. Matte2 and Rashmi A. Pandhare3
Department of Extc Engg. Datta Meghe Institute of Engineering Technology and Research, Sawangi (Meghe)
Wardha, India
swati.deshmukh69@yahoo.com
Department of Extc Engg. Datta Meghe Institute of Engineering Technology and Research, Sawangi (Meghe)
Wardha, India
karishmamatte@yahoo.com,
Department of Extc Engg. Datta Meghe Institute of Engineering Technology and Research, Sawangi (Meghe)
Wardha, India
rush9ap@gmail.com.

ABSTRACT
In the recent years, robotics has turned out to be a ingredient over which many people had shown their interest. Robotics has
gained popularity due to the advancement of many technologies of computing and nano technologies. So, we proposed to design
something that can make humans life easier and comfortable. This project, which is our endeavor to design a fire fighting robot.
Comprises of a machine which not only has the basic features of a robot, but also has the ability to detect fire and extinguish it.
The need of the hour is to make a device which can detect fire, even if it is small and take the necessary action to put it off. Many
house hold item catch fire when someone is either sleeping or away and that lead many hazardous conditions if the fire is not
putted off in time. So, we work as an electronics engineer is to design and build system that can automatically detect and
extinguish fire. We have used very basic concept here, easy to understand from the prospective of beginners or for the masters of
this field.

Key Words- Fire detecting, fire extinguishing, search and rescue, security.

1. INTRODUCTION

around and give us the exact situation at the place on fire. It

The fire fighting robot designed by us is an amateur attempt at

extinguishes fire by sprinkling water or other extinguishing

creating a moving machine, aid us in fighting the emergency

agent. Thus the fire fighting robot provides a safe means to

of. When fire occurs in building ,factories or any closed

fight fire without any risk to human life.

spaces, fighting it is quite risky for us as one may get trapped

in such closed spaces In such cases, a robot, on the as
designed by us, can be very efficiently use for fire fighting,
with least risky human intervention. The FIRE FIGHTING
robot made under this project can move in both forward and
reverse direction and can turned in left and right directions.
Thus we can operate a robot over a very long distance and
there is no need for human to go even near the area on fire.
We have used the light dependent resistors for detection of
fire. It is the highly sensitive device and is capable for
detecting very small fires too. The robot accommodates a
water tank and sprinkler on itself to extinguish fire. Thus this
robot can move around the place of fire, view the conditions
VOLUME-2, SPECIAL ISSUE-1, MARCH-2015

2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Fire righting robot becomes a important topic this robot uses
automatic technologies to detect fire and extinguish it
paper[1]describes the technology development in robotics can
be known from its type, shape and application. robot can be
use for high risk task such as fire fighting. Fire fighting robot
should be able to search certain area, to detect and extinguish
the flam. To complete this task, robot must be equipped with
IR diode, photo diode, flam sensor. The fire fighting robot is
controlled by microcontroller avr at-mega 16. the stimulation
area is designed in miniature .the miniature is equipped with
furniture and uneven floor The technology used in [2] is GSM

COPYRIGHT 2015 IJREST, ALL RIGHT RESERVED

373

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH IN EMERGING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

E-ISSN: 2349-7610

Modem. It describes if the temperature increases beyond the

well enough to drive a motor driver L293DIC is used. This is

predetermined threshold value, buzzer sound to intimate the

the output block.

occurrence of fire accidents and a warning massage will be

4. HARDWARE

send to the respective personnel in the industry and to nearby

In this paper hardware used is ATMega16 microcontroller, IR

fire station with the GSM module provided it. Fire fighting

diode, L293D motor driver IC, crystal oscillator.

robot continuously monitors the temperature at four sensors

and if fire accident is true, the robot moves to the directions to

4.1 ATMega16 Microcontroller

which the temperature is recorded to be the relatively

ATmega16 is an 8 bit microcontroller of Atmels mega AVR

maximum among the four sensors and extinguishes the fire

with the water pump provided to it. After extinguishing the
fire it comes back to its initial position. It is more
advantageous than the smoke detector as it can extinguish the
fire at the inception than waiting for an object to burn and
produce smoke.

family with low power consumption. Atmega16 is based on

enhanced RISC architecture with 131 power full instructions.
Most of the instructions execute in one machine cycle.
Atmega16 can work on a maximum frequency of 16mhz.
ATmega16 has 16kb programmable flash memory, static
RAM of 1kb and EEPROM

This paper [3] describes a robot that constantly navigates to

perceive any fire in its surroundings, if there is any fire it
extinguishes it. This is meant to simulate the real world
operation of a machine performing a fire extinguishing
function at any workplace. The robot further sends message(s)
to predefined numbers for alerting the user.

of 512bytes. The endurance cycle of flash memory of

EEPROM is 10,000 and 100,000 respectively.
ATmega16 is a 40pin microcontroller. There are 32I/O lines
which are divided

into four 8bit designated as PORT A,

PORT B, PORT C, PORT D. ATmega16 has various in-built

peripherals

like

USART,

ADC,

Analog

comparator

,SPI,JTAG etc. each I/O pin has an alternative task related in-

3. BLOCK DIAGRAM

built peripherals.

4.2 IR diode
IR diode is a simple and compact device use for sensing the
presence of fire during any fire accident, hot gasses are
emitted with the unique spectral pattern in the IR region. The
module makes use of IR sensor and comparator to detect fire
up to a range of 1m. the device as shown in fig, weighting
about 5 grams, can be easily mounted on the robot body. It
gives the high output on detecting the fire. An appropriate
Block diagram of wireless fire fighting robot using ATmega16
microcontroller is as shown in figure. The block diagram
consist of total seven blocks. These block diagram is divided
into three main parts input, processer and output. The block of
ATMega16 is the processer, there are two flame sensors viz,

action can be taken based on this output. The visual indication

of output is provided by an on board LED. It is capable o
stand-alone operation or can be connected to a variety of
networked safety system to create a dependable fire
monitoring system and has a typical response time of 1sec.

flame sensor1 and flame sensor 2 are connected to the

processer which is the input block, is use for the fire detecting
purpose.

There are two dc motors which are use in fire

fighting robot. Microcontroller gives output in few mili

amperes (500ma), it is not enough to drive the high power
devices such as dc motor. Hence to amplify these output i.e.

VOLUME-2, SPECIAL ISSUE-1, MARCH-2015

COPYRIGHT 2015 IJREST, ALL RIGHT RESERVED

374

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH IN EMERGING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

E-ISSN: 2349-7610

4.3 L293D Motor driver IC

the fire detection system using sensors in the system, and

L293D is a typical motor driver which allows DC motor to

program the fire detection and fighting procedure using sensor

drive in both clock wise and anti-clockwise direction. L293D

based method.

is a16-pin IC which can control a set of two DC motors

REFERENCES

simultaneously in any direction. It is a dual H-bridge motor

driver integrated circuit. L293D has an output current

[1] Kristi Kosasih, E. Merry Sartika, M. Jimmy Hasugin,

capability limited to 600ma per channel with peak output

dan Mulidy, The Intelligent Fire Fighting Tank Robot.

current limited to 1.2a, sufficient enough to drive a 100rpm

ISSN 1979-2867(print)Electrial Engineering Journal

motor. An internal sensor senses its internal temperature and

Vol.1 (2010) No.1,pp.73-80.

stops driving the motor the motor if the temperature crosses a

[2] U. Jyostna Sai Prasanna, M.V.D Prasad, Automatic Fire

set point which implies that the over temperature protection

Sensing And Extinguishing Robot Embedded With Gsm

also built into the IC. Zener diode are used to protect the

Modem. (IJEAT) ISSN: 2249 -8958,Volume-2, Issue-

driver IC from the voltage spikes that occur when the motor is

4,April 2013.

turned on and/or off.

[3] Rohith

Punuganti,

Anusha

Srinivas,

Lakshmi

Savanoor, Divya Shreer, Pic Based Fire Sensing And

4.4 Crystal Oscillator

Extinguishing Robot.Proceedings of IRF International

A quartz

Conference, 30th March-2014, Pune, India, ISBN: 978-

crystal is a tuned circuit with a very high Q. This

and many other desirable attributes make a crystal an excellent

93-82702-69-6.

component choice for oscillator are recognizable from their

[4] Poonam Sonsale, Rutika Gawas, Siddhi Pise, Anuj

LC oscillator counterparts. For the price and Colpitts

Kaldate, Intelligent Fire Extinguisher System. IOSR

oscillators,

the

Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) e-ISSN:

corresponding LC tuned circuit oscillators. Not surprisingly,

2278-0661, p- ISSN: 2278-8727Volume 16, Issue 1,

the crystal will appear inductive in the circuit.

Ver. VIII (Feb. 2014), PP 59-61 www.iosrjournals.org.

the

crystal

replaces

the

inductor

in

[5] Dr.Wael R. Abdulmajeed; Dr.Ali I.Mahdi; Karzan M

Taqi, Human Wireless Controlling Fire Fighting Robot
(Ffr) With 3-Axis Hose. International Journal of
Advanced Computer Technology (IJACT) ISSN: 23197900.

5. FUTURE SCOPE
In the present condition it can extinguish fire only in the way
and not in all the rooms. It can be extended to areal fire
extinguisher by replacing the water carrier by a carbon -dioxide carrier and by making it to extinguish fires of all the
rooms using microcontroller programming also the robot
could not be run through the batteries because acts some
conditions the current requirement for the circuit rises to about
.8A which is very high and ca not be operate using batteries.

6. CONCLUSION
The conclusion is to provide security of home, laboratory,
office, factory and building which is important to human life.
We develop an intelligent multisensory based security system
that contains fire fighting system in our daily life. We design
VOLUME-2, SPECIAL ISSUE-1, MARCH-2015

COPYRIGHT 2015 IJREST, ALL RIGHT RESERVED

375