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AUTOCAD 2009
MANUAL
BAHIR DAR
INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY
Faculty of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
Ephrem Zeleke (MSc. in Mechanical Design)
Ephrem Zeleke
CADD
TABLE OF CONTENTS
AUTOCAD 2009 2D DESIGN
AUTOCAD 2009 2D DESIGN ................................................................................................................... 1
INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................... 1
Starting AutoCAD 2009......................................................................................................................... 2
AutoCAD 2009 Screen Layout .............................................................................................................. 4
Save a Drawing ..................................................................................................................................... 12
Exiting AutoCAD 2009 ........................................................................................................................ 13
Start a Drawing ..................................................................................................................................... 14
DRAW COMMAND ................................................................................................................................. 16
Line Command ..................................................................................................................................... 16
Circle Command .................................................................................................................................. 22
Arc Command ...................................................................................................................................... 26
Polyline Command .............................................................................................................................. 28
Ellipse Command ................................................................................................................................. 31
Polygon Command .............................................................................................................................. 33
Rectangle Command ........................................................................................................................... 34
Exercise .................................................................................................................................................. 37
MODIFY COMMAND.............................................................................................................................. 39
Edit Polyline Command ...................................................................................................................... 39
Move Command ................................................................................................................................... 40
Copy Command.................................................................................................................................... 41
Erase Command ................................................................................................................................... 43
Scale Command.................................................................................................................................... 44
Rotate Command ................................................................................................................................. 45
Mirror Command ................................................................................................................................. 47
Offset Command .................................................................................................................................. 48
Trim Command .................................................................................................................................... 50
Array Command................................................................................................................................... 52
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Fillet Command.................................................................................................................................... 55
Chamfer Command ............................................................................................................................. 56
Exercise .................................................................................................................................................. 58
LAYERS COMMAND .............................................................................................................................. 61
Layer Properties .................................................................................................................................... 61
ANNOTATION......................................................................................................................................... 64
Dimensions............................................................................................................................................ 64
Text......................................................................................................................................................... 68
HATCHING .............................................................................................................................................. 71
Hatch Command .................................................................................................................................. 71
Exercises ................................................................................................................................................ 75
UTILITIES ................................................................................................................................................. 77
Zooms ..................................................................................................................................................... 77
Pan .......................................................................................................................................................... 79
PLOT AND LAYOUT .............................................................................................................................. 80
Plot ......................................................................................................................................................... 80
Layouts................................................................................................................................................... 85
To Create Layout .............................................................................................................................. 85
To Create Viewport .......................................................................................................................... 87
To Create Template file................................................................................................................... 88
THE 3D MODELING WORKSPACE ..................................................................................................... 92
3D MODELING COMMAND ................................................................................................................. 93
Extrude Tool ......................................................................................................................................... 93
Revolve Tool ......................................................................................................................................... 96
Cylinder ................................................................................................................................................. 97
Cone ....................................................................................................................................................... 98
Sphere .................................................................................................................................................... 99
Box ........................................................................................................................................................ 100
Pyramid................................................................................................................................................ 101
Wedge .................................................................................................................................................. 102
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Ephrem Zeleke
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AUTOCAD 2009
2D DESIGN
Ephrem Zeleke
CADD
INTRODUCTION
Computer Aided Design (CAD) is the process of doing designs with the aid of
computers. This includes the generation of computer models, analysis of design data,
and the creation of the necessary drawings. AutoCAD 2009 is computer aided design
software developed by Autodesk Inc. The AutoCAD 2009 software is a tool that can be
used for design and drafting activities. The two-dimensional and three-dimensional
models created in AutoCAD 2009 can be transferred to other computer programs for
further analysis and testing. The computer models can also be used in manufacturing
equipment such as machining centers, lathes, mills, or rapid prototyping machines to
manufacture the product.
AutoCAD was first introduced to the public in late 1982, and was one of the first CAD
software products that were available for personal computers. Since 1984, AutoCAD has
established a reputation for being the most widely used PC-based CAD software around
the world. By 2007, it was estimated that there were over 6 million AutoCAD users in
more than 150 countries worldwide. AutoCAD 2010 is the twenty-third release, with
many added features and enhancements, of the original AutoCAD software produced by
Autodesk Inc.
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InfoCenter
Quick Access
Ribbon
Ribbon
Tool Panels
Cursor hairs
Graphics Window
Pick box
UCS icon
Command Line
Status bar
Menu Bar
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Menu Browser: at the top of the main window contains access commands, options
search menu, preview recently opened drawing files.
Ribbon: is a palette that displays task-based buttons and controls in a workspace. The
ribbon can be displayed horizontally, vertically, or as a floating palette.
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Draw: the draw toolbar panels contain icons for basic draw command such as line,
arc, polyline, polygon, rectangle, circle, ellipse, hatch, spline, region and helix.
Modify: the modify panels contain icons for modify command like move, copy,
rotate, erase, stretch, scale, offset, mirror, trim, array, fillet, chamfer, edit hatch, edit
polyline, edit spine and break.
Layers: the layers control toolbar panel contains tools to control the visibility of
objects and to assign properties such as color and linetype.
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Annotation: the annotation toolbar panel contains tools for creating and editing
dimensions and displays text on screen.
Utilities: contains tools for viewing commands such as zoom and pan.
Zoom: increases or decreases the apparent size of objects in the current viewport.
Pan: moves the view in the current viewport; does not change the location of
objects in the drawing, its only changes the view.
Properties: contains tools linetype, color control, lineweight and plotstyle control.
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Graphic Window: is the area where models and drawings are displayed.
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Cursor or Cross hair: the range of the crosshair is 1 to 100 percent of the total screen.
At 100% the crosshair ends arent visible. When the size is decreased to 99% or below,
the crosshairs have a finite size, and the crosshairs ends are visible when moved to
the edge of the graphics area. To control the size of crosshair.
Menu Browser Options Display Crosshair Size Ok
Status Bar: the area at the bottom of the application window that contains buttons
controlling the mode of operation of the program and displays the coordinates of the
cursor location in the drawing area.
Drawing Coordinates
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Model
Layout
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Command Line: used to display commands, system variables, options, messages, and
prompts in a dockable and resizable window; enter a command by using keyboard.
Mouse: AutoCAD uses pointing device like a mouse, a digitizing puck, or a stylus,
and it may have more than two buttons.
Left Mouse Button
Left mouse button is pick button used to specify locations, select objects for
editing, choose menu options and dialog box buttons and fields.
Left Mouse Button
The operation of the right button on a mouse depends on context. It can be used
to end a command in progress, display a shortcut menu, display the Object Snap
menu, display the toolbars dialog box.
Wheel Mouse
The wheel mouse has a small wheel between the buttons. It can be used the wheel
to zoom and pan in your drawing without using any commands.
Wheel
Mouse
Right Mouse
Button
Left Mouse
Button
Cancel a Command (Esc): used to cancel a command that accidentally click and to
exist the command. The Esc key is located near the top-left corner of the keyboard.
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Save a Drawing
Save the drawing under the current file name or a specified name but never saved the
drawing, the Save Drawing As dialog box is displayed. In the Save Drawing As dialog
box under File Name, enter the new drawing name; Click Save.
Menu Browser File Save as
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OR
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Start a Drawing
There are different ways to start a new drawing including starting from scratch or using
a template file. A drawing template file contains standard settings. You can select one of
the drawing template files supplied or create your own drawing template files by saving
a drawing using a .dwt extension.
Drawing Units: to set the measurement units.
Menu Browser Format Units
or
The Drawing Units dialog box is appearing. In this dialog box set the following:
Length option: Type Decimal and Precision 0;
Insertion scale option: Units to scale inserted content Millimeter
Click OK to exit the Drawing Units dialog box.
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Drawing Limits: The drawing limits are two-dimensional points in the World
Coordinate System that represent a lower-left limit and an upper-right limit. It can be
used to controls the extents of the grid display in the current Model or Layout tab,
and as a plot option that defines an area to be plotted/ printed.
Click the Menu Browser Format Drawing Limits OR
Click the Format (Menu Bar) Drawing Limits(same fig. in Drawing Units)
In the Command line, the limits area set to,
Specify lower left corner (0, 0) then Enter and
Specify upper right corner (420, 297) then Enter.
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DRAW COMMAND
Line Command
It used to specifying precise points with the arrow keys or the pointing device.
Grid
(F7): rectangular pattern of dots or lines that extends over the area
and used to align objects and visualize the distances between them.
To specify the snap and grid limits.
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Right click the Snap Mode/ Grid Display button on the Status Bar then
Select Setting
OR
Drafting Settings dialog box appearing then select Snap and Grid enter 10 in
Snap spacing and Grid Spacing.
Click OK.
Zoom All
: used to display the drawing extents and the grid limits. View (Menu
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Dynamics Input
to help you keep your focus in the drafting area. When Dynamic Input is on, tooltips
display information near the cursor that is dynamically updated as the cursor moves.
When a command is active, the tooltips provide a place for user entry.
Right click the Dynamics Input button on the Status Bar Settings
Drafting Settings dialog box appearing OK
Move the mouse around the drawing area. The cursors pick box will jump from point
to point at 10 unit intervals. The position of the pick box will show as coordinate
numbers in the Drawing Coordinates (on the status bar left-hand end).
Move the mouse until the coordinate numbers show 50, 70, 0 and click.
Move the mouse until the coordinate numbers show 230, 70, 0 and click.
Move the mouse until the coordinate numbers show 230, 180, 0 and click.
Move the mouse until the coordinate numbers show 50, 180, 0 and click.
Then Right Click and Enter OR simply press Enter. The line rectangle appears in
drawing area.
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0 then Enter
45 then Enter
0 then Enter
45 then Enter
0 then Enter
90 then Enter
Ortho
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Command: _line specify the first point: 50,30 then press Enter/Space.
Drag to right; Specify the next point or [Undo]: 300 then Enter
Drag to up; Specify the next point or [Undo]: 45 then Enter
Drag to left; Specify the next point or [Close/Undo]: 70 then Enter
Drag to up; Specify the next point or [Close/Undo]: 35 then Enter
Drag to left; Specify the next point or [Close/Undo]: 50 then Enter
Drag to up; Specify the next point or [Close/Undo]: 25 then Enter
Drag to left; Specify the next point or [Close/Undo]: 60 then Enter
Drag to down; Specify the next point or [Close/Undo]: 25 then Enter
Drag to left; Specify the next point or [Close/Undo]: 50 then Enter
Drag to down; Specify the next point or [Close/Undo]: 35 then Enter
Drag to left; Specify the next point or [Close/Undo]: 70 then Enter
Specify the next point or [Close/Undo]: c (close) then press Enter
Circle Command
center, radius, diameter, points on the circumference, and points on other objects.
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Example: circle, Tan Tan Radius first on Object Snap from the status bar then click on
circle tool icon and follow the step below:
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Command: _circle Specify center point for circle or [3P / 2P / Ttr (tan tan radius)]:
t then Enter.
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Example: circle, Tan Tan Tan click on circle (tan tan tan)
step below:
Command: _circle Specify center point for circle or [3P / 2P / Ttr (tan tan radius)]:
_3p specify first point on circle: _tan to Pick.
Specify second point on circle: _tan to Pick.
Specify third point on circle: _tan to Pick.
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Arc Command
endpoint, start point, radius, angle, chord length, and direction values. Arcs are drawn
counterclockwise from the start point to the endpoint.
Select Arc from draw panel OR
In command line write arc or a then Enter
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Example: arc, Start Center End click on arc tool icon and follow the step below:
Command: _arc Specify start point of arc or [Center]: 230,140 then Enter
Specify second point of arc or [Center / End]: _c Specify center point of arc:
160,140 then Enter
Specify end point of arc or [Angle / chord Length]: 90,140 then Enter
Example: arc, Start End Radius click on arc tool icon and follow the step below:
Command: _arc Specify start point of arc or [Center]: 340,220 then Enter
Specify end point of arc: 220,220 then Enter
Specify center point of arc or [Angle / Direction / Radius]: _r Specify radius of arc:
85 then Enter
Example: arc, Center Start Angel click on arc tool icon and follow the step below:
Command: _arc Specify start point of arc or [Center]: _c Specify center point of
arc: 170,60 then Enter
Specify start point of arc: 240,60 then Enter
Specify end point of arc or [Angle / chord Length]: _a Specify included angle: 90
then Enter
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Polyline Command
object. You can create straight line segments with different thickness, arc segments, or a
combination of the two and arrows.
Select Polyline from draw panel OR
In command line write pline or pl then Enter
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Example: click on polyline tool icon and follow the step below:
Specify start point: 80,60 then Enter
Specify next point or [Arc / Halfwidth / Length / Undo / Width]: 270,60 then Enter
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Specify next point or [Arc / Close / Halfwidth / Length / Undo / Width]: w (width)
then Enter
Specify starting width <0>: 2 then Enter
Specify ending width <2>: Enter (the same width)
Specify next point or [Arc / Close / Halfwidth / Length / Undo / Width]: 270,150
then Enter
Specify next point or [Arc / Close / Halfwidth / Length / Undo / Width]: w then
Enter
Specify starting width <2>: 6 then Enter
Specify ending width <6>: Enter
Specify next point or [Arc / Close / Halfwidth / Length / Undo / Width]: 80,150
then Enter
Specify next point or [Arc / Close / Halfwidth / Length / Undo / Width]: w then
Enter
Specify starting width <6>: 10 then Enter
Specify ending width <10>: Enter
Specify next point or [Arc / Close / Halfwidth / Length / Undo / Width]: c (Close)
then Enter
Example: click on polyline tool icon and follow the step below:
Specify start point: 100,130 then Enter
Specify next point or [Arc / Close / Halfwidth / Length / Undo / Width]: w then
Enter
Specify starting width <0>: 2 then Enter
Specify ending width <2>: Enter
Specify next point or [Arc / Close / Halfwidth / Length / Undo / Width]: 200,130
then Enter
Specify next point or [Arc / Close / Halfwidth / Length / Undo / Width]: w then
Enter
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Ellipse Command
its length and width. The longer axis is called the major axis, and the shorter one is the
minor axis.
Select Ellipse from draw panel OR
In command line write ellipse or el then Enter
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Example: ellipse, Center click on ellipse tool icon and follow the step below:
Specify center of ellipse: 180,210 then Enter
Specify endpoint of axis: 250,210 then Enter
Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]: 180,240 then Enter
OR
Specify center of ellipse: 180,210 then Enter
Specify endpoint of axis: 250,210 then Enter
Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]: r then Enter
Specify rotation around major axis: 45 then Enter
Example: ellipse, Axis End click on ellipse tool icon and follow the step below:
Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc / Center]: 300,100 then Enter
Specify other endpoint of axis: 410,100 then Enter
Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]: 355,140 then Enter
OR
Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc / Center]: 340,210 then Enter
Drag to right (ortho on); Specify other endpoint of axis: 100 then Enter
Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]: 25 then Enter
Example: ellipse, Elliptical Arc click on ellipse tool icon and follow the step below:
Specify axis endpoint of elliptical arc or [Center]: 150,150 then Enter
Specify other endpoint of axis: 290,150 then Enter
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Polygon Command
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Example: click on polygon tool icon and follow the step below:
Command: _polygon Enter number of sides <4>: 7 then Enter
Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: 310,170 then Enter
Enter an option [Inscribed in circle / Circumscribed about circle] <I>: c then Enter
Specify radius of circle: 55 then Enter
Rectangle Command
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Example: click on rectangle tool icon and follow the step below:
Command: _rectang Specify first corner point or [Chamfer / Elevation / Fillet /
Thickness / Width]: w then Enter
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Exercise
1. Using the Line tool, construct the outline shown below.
2. Using the Circle and Line tools, construct the outline shown below.
3. With the Line Arc and Ellipse tools, construct the outline shown below.
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5. Figure shows below a rectangle in the form of a square with polygons (5, 6 and 7)
along each edge. Using the Dimensions prompt of the Rectangle tool construct the
square. Then, using the Edge prompt of the Polygon tool, add the four polygons. Use
the Object Snap endpoint to ensure the polygons are in their exact positions.
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MODIFY COMMAND
Edit Polyline Command
changing the shape of polyline objects; closing and opening of polyline objects by
moving, adding or deleting individual vertices.
Select Edit Polyline from modify panel OR
In command line write pedit or pe then Enter
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Example: click on edit polyline tool icon and follow the step below:
Command: _pedit select polyline or [Multiple]: click (pick)
Pick line or arc; object selected is not a polyline Do you want to turn it into one?
<Y> press Enter (to change polyline)
Enter an option [Close / Join / Width / Edit vertex / Fit / Spline / Decurve / Ltype
gen / Undo]: w then Enter
Specify new width for all segments: 1 then Enter
Enter an option [Close / Join / Width / Edit vertex / Fit / Spline / Decurve / Ltype
gen / Undo]: Enter
Move Command
the originals.
Select Move from modify panel OR
In command line write move or m then Enter
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Move Tool:
Example: click on move tool icon and follow the step below:
Command: _move Select objects: pick, Specify opposite corner: 8 found and Enter
Specify base point or [Displacement] <Displacement>: click (pick)
Specify second point or <use first point as displacement>: click
Copy Command
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Copy Tool:
Example: click on copy tool icon and follow the step below:
Command: _copy select objects: pick (1 found, 8 total) then Enter
Specify base point or [Displacement / mode] <Displacement>: pick
Specify second point or <use first point as displacement>: pick
Specify second point or [Exit / Undo] <Exit>: pick
Specify second point or [Exit / Undo] <Exit>: pick
Specify second point or [Exit / Undo] <Exit>: Enter
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Erase Command
incorrectly drawn.
Select Erase from modify panel OR
In command line write erase or e then Enter
Erase Tool:
Example: click on erase tool icon and follow the step below:
Command: _erase Select object: pick, 1 found, 3 total
Select objects: press Enter OR
Command: _erase Select object: pick (in first corner)
Command: _erase Select object: Specify opposite corner: pick (in second corner), 3
found
Select objects: press Enter
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Scale Command
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Scale Tool:
Example: click on scale tool icon and follow the step below:
Command: _scale Select objects: pick
Specify opposite corner: pick 9 found
Select objects: press Enter
Specify base point: pick
Specify scale factor or [Copy / Reference] <1>: 0.5 (for reduce) OR 1.5 (for enlarge)
then Enter
Rotate Command
base point. To determine the angle of rotation, you can enter an angle value, drag using
the cursor, or specify a reference angle to align to an absolute angle.
Select Rotate from modify panel OR
In command line write rotate or ro then Enter
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Rotate Tool:
Example: click on rotate tool icon and follow the step below:
Command: _rotate Current positive angle in UCS: ANGDIR=counterclockwise
ANGBASE=0 Select objects: pick
Select objects: Specify opposite corner: pick 9 found
Select objects: press Enter
Specify base point: pick
Specify rotation angle or [copy / Reference] <0>: 45 then Enter
OR
Specify rotation angle or [copy / Reference] <0>: c then Enter
Specify rotation angle or [Copy / Reference] <0> 45 then Enter
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Mirror Command
draw half the object and then mirror it instead of drawing the entire object.
Select Mirror from modify panel OR
In command line write mirror or m then Enter
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Mirror Tool:
Example: click on mirror tool icon and follow the step below:
Command: _mirror Select objects: pick
Specify opposite corner: pick 6 found
Select objects: press Enter
Specify first point of mirror line: pick
Specify second point of mirror line: pick
Erase source objects? [Yes /No] <N>: press Enter
Offset Command
the original object. Offsetting a circle or an arc creates a larger or smaller circle or arc,
depending on which side you specify for the offset.
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Offset Tool:
Example: click on offset tool icon and follow the step below:
Command: Specify offset distance or [Through / Erase / Layer] <Through>: 5 then
Enter
Select object to offset or [Exit / Undo] <Exit>: pick (click)
Specify point on side to offset or [Exit / Multiple / Undo] <Exit>: pick (inside or
outside the object)
Select object to offset or [Exit / Undo] <Exit>: e then Enter
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Trim Command
Trim Tool:
Example: click on trim tool icon and follow the step below:
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Result
Array Command
Array Tool:
Example: Rectangular Array, click on array tool icon and follow the step below:
Array dialog box appear
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Select object
Entry the value of Rows: 4, Columns: 6, Row offset: 20 and Column offset: 20
then OK
Example: Polar Array, click on array tool icon and follow the step below:
Array dialog box appear
Select object
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Fillet Command
Fillet Tool:
Example: click on fillet tool icon and follow the step below:
Command: _fillet Current settings: Mode = TRIM, Radius = 0 Select first object or
[Undo / Polyline / Radius / Trim / Multiple]: r then Enter
Specify fillet radius <0>: 5 then Enter
Select first object or [Undo / Polyline / Radius / Trim/ Multiple]: pick
Select second object or shift select to apply corner: pick
Repeated same step for other corners
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Chamfer Command
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Chamfer Tool:
Example: click on chamfer tool icon and follow the step below:
Command: _chamfer (TRIM mode) Current chamfer Dist1 = 0, Dist2 = 0 Select
first line or [Undo / Polyline / Distance / Angle/ Trim / mEthod / Multiple]: d
(Distance) then Enter
Specify first chamfer distance <0>: 10 then Enter
Specify second chamfer distance <10>: 15 then Enter
Select first line or [Undo / Polyline / Distance / Angle/ Trim / mEthod / Multiple]:
pick
Select second line or shift select to apply corner: pick
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Exercise
1. Using the tools Polyline, Circle, Trim, Polyline Edit, Mirror and Fillet construct the
drawing given below.
2. Construct the drawing given below. All parts are plines of width = 0.7 with corners
filleted R10. The long strips have been constructed using Circle , Polyline , Trim and
Polyline Edit . Construct one strip and then copy it using Copy.
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3. Construct the drawing given below. All parts of the drawing are plines of width = 0.7.
The setting in the Array dialog is to be 180 in the Angle of array field.
4. Construct the circles and lines shown below. Using Off set and the Ttr prompt of the
Circle tool followed by Trim, construct one of the outlines arrayed within the outer
circle. Then, with Polyline Edit, change the lines and arcs into a pline of width = 0.3.
Finally, array the outline twelve times around the center of the circles.
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5. Construct the drawing shown below and make two copies using Copy. With Rotate
rotated each of the copies to the angles as shown.
6. Construct the dimensioned drawing of Figure below. With Copy copy the drawing.
Then with Scale scale the drawing to a scale of 0.5 and 1.
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LAYERS COMMAND
Layer Properties
such as color and linetype to objects. Layers can be locked to prevent objects from being
modified.
Select Layer Properties from layers panel OR
In command line write layer or la then Enter
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the name.
Click on the color name (White) and Select Color dialog box appear then OK.
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Click on the linetype (Continuous) and Select Linetype dialog box appear
Select Load then Load or Reload Linetypes dialog box appear, selected linetype
then OK.
Click on the any of the Lineweight then Lineweight dialog box appear. Select the
line weight the value then OK.
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Repeat the same for all other the layers. Then Click the Close button of the Layer
Properties Manager.
ANNOTATION
Dimensions: the process of adding measurement annotation to a drawing. You can
create dimensions for a variety of object types in many orientations. The basic types of
dimensioning are: Linear, Radial (radius, diameter and jogged), Angular, Ordinate and
Arc Length.
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Modify Dimension Style: Standard Dialog box appear. You can set
Lines: Dimension lines (color, linetype, lineweight) and Extension lines (color,
extend beyond dim lines, offset from origin)
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Command: _dimlinear Specify first extension line origin or <select object>: pick
Specify second extension line origin: pick
Specify dimension line location or [Mtext / Text / Angle / Horizontal / Vertical /
Rotated]: pick
Dimension text = 130
Radius Dimension: Click on radius tool icon or write dimradius on command line
and follow the step below:
Command: _dimradius Select arc or circle: pick
Dimension text = 15
Specify dimension line location or [Mtext / Text / Angle]: pick
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Result
Text: there are two main methods of adding text to drawings: Single Line Text and
Multiline Text.
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Example: click on single line text tool icon and follow the step below:
Command: _dtext Current text style: Standard Text height: 8 Annotative: No
Specify start point of text or [Justify / Style]: pick
Specify rotation angle of text <0>: pick or enter
After finish the text press Enter key twice or Esc
Example: click on multiline text tool icon and follow the step below:
Command: _mtext Current text style: Standard Text height: 8 Annotative No
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In Mtext Robbin, you can set text style, formatting, paragraph and insert symbol.
Common special characters during text have to be added by entering letters and
figures as part of a dimension.
To obtain
enter %%c
0
To obtain
enter %%p
Text Setting
Select Dimension (Menu
Bar) Dimension Style
Dimension
Manager
Dialog
Style
box
Modify
Dimension
then
display
the
click
Text
on
Style
Dialog box. OR
In command line write st
then Enter
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Text Style Dialog box appearing then set Font (Font Name, Font Style) and Size
(Height).
Click on Apply button you finish the set
Finally click on Close button to exit from the dialog box.
HATCHING
Hatch Command
used to fills an enclosed area or selected objects with a hatch pattern, methods to specify
the boundaries of a hatch.
Drag a hatch pattern into an enclosed area from a tool palette or Design Center.
Hatch creates:
Select Hatch from draw panel OR
In command line write hatch or h then Enter
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Example: click on hatch tool icon and follow the step below:
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Hatch
Palette
Dialog
appear.
Select
Pattern
box
hatch
Click on the Pick an internal point button from the hatch and gradient dialog box
the dialog box disappear.
Pick area that hatch pattern enclosed then press Enter button. Click the Preview
button of the dialog and in the sectional view which reappears; check whether the
hatching and scale is satisfactory.
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Exercises
Construct and dimension the drawing
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Construct the three views but with the font view as a sectional view based on the section
plane A A .
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UTILITIES
Zooms
Select Zoom from utilities panel OR
In command line write zoom or z then Enter
Command: _zoom Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP), or
[All / Center / Dynamic / Extents / Previous / Scale / Window / Object] <real time>:
Extents Zooms: to display the drawing extents and results in the largest possible
display of all the objects.
Previous Zooms: to display the previous view. You can restore up to 10 previous
views.
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Dynamic Zooms: to display the generated portion of the drawing with a view box.
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Object Zooms: to display one or more selected objects as large as possible and in
the center of the drawing area.
Pan
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to be intimately familiar with both your output device and the settings available in
AutoCAD.
To Plot a Drawing
Ribbon: Output Plot Panel Plot
OR
Toolbar: Standard (On Quick Access)
OR
Ctrl+P
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The Plot Model dialog box is appearing. In this dialog box set the following:
Printer/Plotter
Plot Area
Paper Size
Plot Scale
Drawing Orientation (in More Options)
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Printer/Plotter: If the name option in the Printer/Plotter group shows None, click the
drop-down arrow and select your current Windows system printer.
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Plot Area: When plotting a drawing, you must specify the area of the drawing to plot.
The Plot dialog box provides the following options under Plot Area.
Print from Layout
Layout or Limits: When plotting a layout, plots everything within the printable
area of the specified paper size, with the origin calculated from 0, 0 in the layout.
When plotting the Model tab, plots the entire drawing area defined by the grid
limits. If the current viewport does not display a plan view, this option has the
same effect as the Extents option.
Extents: Plots the portion of the current space of the drawing that contains
objects. All geometry in the current space is plotted. The drawing might be
regenerated to recalculate the extents before plotting.
Display: Plots the view in the current viewport in the Model tab or the current
paper space view in a layout tab.
Window: Plots any portion of the drawing you specify. Click the Window button
to use a pointing device to specify opposite corners of the area to be plotted, or
enter coordinate values.
Paper Size: You can select a paper size from a standard list, or you can add custom paper
sizes using the Plotter Configuration Editor. The paper sizes available in the list are
determined by the plot device that is currently selected for the layout.
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Plot Scale: When you specify a scale to output your drawing, you can choose from a list
of real-world scales, enter your own scale (Custom), or select Fit to Paper to scale the
drawing to fit onto the selected paper size.
Click the Preview button in the lower-left corner of the dialog box. If you want to view of
how your drawing will appear when printed. Finally click OK.
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Layouts
you need. Each layout is saved on its own layout tab and can be associated with a
different page setup. Elements that appear only on a plotted page, such as title blocks
and notes, are drawn in paper space in a layout. The objects in the drawing are created in
model space on the Model tab. To view these objects in the layout, you create layout
viewports. Layout viewports are areas, similar to picture frames or windows, through
which you can see your model. You scale the views in viewports by zooming in or out.
You can display objects differently by setting property overrides for color, linetype,
lineweight, and plot style and apply them to individual layout viewports.
Paper space is a sheet layout environment where you can specify the size of your sheet,
add a title block, display multiple views of your model, and create dimensions and notes
for your drawing.
Page Border
Printable Area
To Create Layout
Click Menu Browser Tools Wizards Create Layout
Follow the steps in the wizard to create a layout.
Create Layout Begin: You can enter a name for new layout. Click Next.
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Create Layout Paper Size: Select a paper size to be used for the layout.
Create Layout Orientation: Select the orientation of the drawing on the paper.
Create Layout Title Block: Select a title block to use for the layout. Click Next.
Create Layout Define Viewports: To add viewports to the layout. Click Next.
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Create Layout Pick Location: Choose select location to specify the location of
the viewport configuration in the drawing. Click Next.
Create Layout Finish: You have created a layout named Layout3.
To Create Viewport
Click Menu Browser View Viewports New Viewports
You can select standard viewports
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In the Save Drawing As dialog box, save to the default template folder (or select
the folder in which you want to store the template file). Enter file name in the
File name box.
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Pick OK to close the dialog box and save the template file.
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AUTOCAD 2009
3D DESIGN
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3D MODELING COMMAND
3D Modeling: used to create 3D solids and surfaces from scratch or from existing
objects. It contains different tools such as extrude, loft, revolve, polysolid, sweep,
press/pull, helix, cylinder, box, sphere, cone, wedge and pyramid.
Extrude Tool
the extrude object is closed, the resulting object is a solid otherwise the object is a
surface.
Select Extrude from 3D modeling panel OR
In command line write extrude or ext then Enter
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Frist construct the above drawing using different necessery commands in the
given dimenstion then
Click the Region tool
Command: _region
Select objects: Specify opposite corner: 12 found
Select objects: press Enter or Right Click.
1 Region created.
Click on Extrude tool
Command: _extrude Current wire frame density: ISOLINES = 4
Select objects to extrude: pick 1 found
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Frist construct the above drawing using different necessery commands in the
given dimenstion then Region the object.
Click on Extrude tool
Command: _extrude Current wire frame density: ISOLINES = 4
Select objects to extrude: pick 1 found
Select objects to extrude: press Enter or Right Click.
Specify height of extrusion or [Direction / Path / Taper angle]: p then Enter.
Select extrusion path or [Taper angle]: pick the path.
Revolve Tool
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Frist construct the above drawing using different necessery commands in the
given dimenstion then
Command: _revolve Current wire frame density: ISOLINES = 4
Select objects to revolve: Specify opposite corner: 17 found
Select objects to revolve: press Enter
Specify axis start point or define axis by [Object / X / Y / Z /] <objects>: pick
Specify axis endpoint: pick
Specify angle of revolution or [Start angle] <360>: press Enter.
Cylinder
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Example: click on cylinder tool icon and follow the step below:
Command: _cylinder Specify center point of base or [3P / 2P / Ttr /
Elliptical]: pick
Specify base radius or [Diameter]: 5 then Enter
Specify height or [2Point / Axis endpoint]: 40 then Enter
Cone
and also create a cone frustum, which tapers to a circular or elliptical planar face that is
parallel to its base.
Select Cone from 3D modeling panel OR
In command line write cone then Enter
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Example: click on cone tool icon and follow the step below:
Command: _cone Specify center point of base or [3P / 2P / Ttr /
Elliptical]: pick
Specify base radius or [Diameter]: 25 then Enter
Specify height or [2Point / Axis endpoint / Top radius]: t then Enter
Specify top radius: 5 then Enter
Specify height or [2Point / Axis endpoint / Top radius]: -40 then
Enter
Sphere
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Example: click on sphere tool icon and follow the step below:
Command: _sphere Specify center point or [3P / 2P / Ttr]: pick
Specify radius or [Diameter]: 22 then Enter
Box
: used to create a solid box by using cube or length option. The base of the box
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Example: click on box tool icon and follow the step below:
Command: _box Specify first corner or [Center]: pick
Specify other corner or [Cube / Length]: l then Enter
Specify length: 50 then Enter
Specify width: 50 then Enter
Specify height or [2Point]: 8 then Enter
Pyramid
: used to create a solid pyramid and can define the number of sides for a
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Example: click on pyramid tool icon and follow the step below:
Command: _pyramid 4 sides Circumscribed
Specify center point of base or [Edge / Sides]: pick
Specify base radius or [Inscribed]: 25 then Enter
Specify height or [2Point / Axis endpoint / Top radius]: 60 then
Enter
Wedge
: used to create a solid wedge. The base of the wedge is drawn parallel to
the XY plane of the current UCS with the sloped face opposite the first corner. The
height of the wedge is parallel to the Z axis.
Select Wedge from 3D modeling panel OR
In command line write wedge and we then Enter
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Example: click on wedge tool icon and follow the step below:
Command: _wedge Specify first corner or [Center]: pick
Specify other corner or [Cube / Length]: l then Enter
Specify length: 15 then Enter
Specify width: 50 then Enter
Specify height or [2Point]: 8 then Enter
Torus
: used to create a ring-shaped solid similar to the inner tube of a tire. A torus
is defined by two radius values, one for the tube and the other for the distance from the
center of the torus to the center of the tube.
Select Torus from 3D modeling panel OR
In command line write torus and tor then Enter
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Example: click on wedge tool icon and follow the step below:
Command: _torus Specify center point or [3P / 2P / Ttr]: pick
Specify radius or [Diameter]: 25 then Enter
Specify tube radius or [2Point / Diameter]: 2.5 then Enter
Combination Result of the above 3D Modeling
sphere
torus
cylinder
box
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Helix
Example: click on helix tool icon and follow the step below:
Command: _Helix Number of turns = 3
Twist=CCW
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Adjusted Helix
Sweep
: used to create a solid or surface in the shape of the specified profile (the
swept object) along the specified 2D or 3D path. If you sweep a closed curve along a path
the result is a solid. If you sweep an open curve along a path, the result is a surface.
Sweeping is different from extruding. When you sweep a profile along a path, the profile
is moved and aligned normal (perpendicular) to the path. Then the profile is swept
along the path.
Select Sweep from 3D modeling panel OR
In command line write sweep then Enter
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Example: click on sweep tool icon and follow the step below:
Command: _sweep Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=4
Select objects to sweep: pick (circle R = 2), 1 found
Select objects to sweep: press Enter
Select sweep path or [Alignment / Base point / Scale / Twist]: pick (helix)
Wireframe
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Loft
Example: click on loft tool icon and follow the step below:
Command: _loft Select cross sections in lofting order: pick, 3 total
Select cross section in lofting order: press Enter or Right Click
Enter an option [Guides / Path / Cross sections only] <Cross sections only>: press
Enter
Loft setting dialog box appearing then select Normal to: and click OK
Circle:
Radius = 10
Octagon:
Inscribed in Circle R = 40
Ellipse:
Major Axis = 80
Minor Axis = 40
Distance between each object = 70
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Union
: used to combine the total volume of two or more solids or two or more
Example: click on union tool icon and follow the step below:
Command: _union
Select objects: pick Specify opposite corner: 4 found
Select objects: press Enter or Right Click
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Subtract
: used to remove the common area of one set of solids from another. For
example, you can use subtract to add holes to a mechanical part by subtracting cylinders
from the object.
Select Subtract from solid editing panel OR
In command line write subtract and su then Enter
Example: click on subtract tool icon and follow the step below:
Command: _subtract Select solids and regions to subtract from . .
Select objects: pick (box), 1 found then press Enter
Select solids and regions to subtract . .
Select objects: pick (cone box and wedge) 3 total
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Draw the above drawing in the given dimension and make region.
UNION
Command: _union
Select objects: pick, 3 total
Select objects: press Enter or Right Click
SUBTRACT
Command: _subtract Select solids and regions to subtract from . .
Select objects: pick (rectangle), 1 found then press Enter
Select solids and regions to subtract . .
Select objects: pick (circles) 2 total
Select objects: press Enter
After Union
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Intersect
Example: click on intersect tool icon and follow the step below:
Command: _intersect
Select objects: pick, 3 found
Select objects: press Enter or Right Click
After intersect
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Exercise
1. Construct 3D model using extrude tool as show below. First construct the outline in
the given dimensions, change it into region and union the objects. Use extrusion
height 65.
2. Construct the 3D model of a wine glass as shown below, working to the dimensions
given in the outline drawing. You will need to construct the outline and change it
into a region before being able to change the outline into a solid of revolution using
the Revolve tool from the Home/3D Modeling panel.
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3. Construct 3D model using sweep tool, dimensions is given in the outline drawing as
shown below.
4. Using the tools Sphere, Box, Union and Subtract and working to the dimensions
given in below, construct the 3D solid model.
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PROJECT
Assemble the parts and Draw the three view orthographic projection in an angle of your
own choice and 3D Model of the Machine by using a suitable scale and appropriate
sectional view.
Plummer Block
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C- Clamp
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Screw Jack
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Lathe Tail-Stock
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Machine Vice
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Gate Valve
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REFERENCE
1. Alf Yarwood, Introduction to AutoCAD 2009, 2008
2. George Omura; Mastering AutoCAD 2009 and AutoCAD LT 2009; 2008
3. K.L. Narayana, P. Kannaiah, K. Venkata Reddy; Machine Drawing, 2006
4. Kristen S. Kurland; AutoCAD 2009 2D Training Manual; 2008
5. Randy H. Shih; Auto CAD 2010 Tutorial; 2009.
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