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Luis Loera
Instituto Mexicano del Petroleo
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Abstract
This article aims to provide brief insight into reservoir engineering. The definition of petroleum
reservoirs, with a classification and their characteristics are contained within. Also, the definition,
objectives and main tasks of reservoir engineering is commented. Finally, the main production
stages from petroleum reservoirs are briefly reviewed. An effort has been made on giving a special
focus on the importance of the understanding of the reservoirs to optimize the oil and gas
production.
Introduction
Hydrocarbons are mixtures of organic
compounds that can exist in different phases,
according to the pressure and temperature
conditions at what they are found. As fluids,
they can exist as liquid and gas. When
hydrocarbons are produced from a reservoir
and transported to the surface, they
experience changes in their pressure and
temperature conditions affecting their flowing
characteristics and their composition.
Understanding of this is necessary for
predicting how fluids would behave at any
position and conditions of the production
system facilities.
Petroleum reservoirs
A reservoir is defined as is the portion of a
geological trap which contains oil and/or gas
as a single hydraulically connected system
(Craft, 1991). Due to their petrophysical
characteristics, oil and gas accumulation
occurs mainly in sedimentary rocks as
limestone, dolomite, and sandstone, where
fluids are stored and distributed according to
their densities (Figure 1) (Craft, 1991).
Reservoir engineering
Reservoir engineering is defined as the
application of scientific principles to the
drainage problems arising during the
development and production of oil and gas
reservoirs (Craft, 1991); or the art of
developing and producing oil and/or gas from
Production
reservoirs
from
petroleum
Conclusions
Reservoir engineering has a major role in the
oil industry. Technological advancements are
closely linked to the development of this
discipline and its scope influences directly the
efficiency and optimization of all the reservoir
development stages and processes, and hence
has a significant impact in the profitability of
any project.
Topics contained in this article have been very
briefly presented and deeper approach is
recommended for all of them.
References
Craft, B. C. y Hawkins, M. F., 1991,
Introduction to Reservoir Engineering,
Applied Reservoir Engineering, p. 2-5.
Schlumberger, Petroleum system, Available
at:http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/en/Te
rms/p/petroleum_system.aspx; (Accessed:
29th April 2015).
Figure 2. Combination drive reservoir (Clark,
1969).
The mechanism of displacement by fluids can
be reproduced artificially by strategically
injecting water or gas in wells, and this
method can be combined with natural
mechanisms as gravitational segregation
and/or capillary expulsion, increasing
recovery. This method is known as secondary
recovery (Craft, 1991).
When secondary recovery has low recovery
potential, other processes have been
developed and are known as Enhanced Oil
Recovery (EOR) methods (Craft, 1991).
From reservoir engineering it is possible to
determine if secondary recovery or EOR
operations must be implemented before the