Nguyen Freportsm10

Finite Element- 2 Dimensional Model for Thermal
Distribution
Vinh The Nguyen
August 4, 2010
Abstract
Computerized thermal modeling is vital in engineering designs nowadays. Finite element method has been
applied to give highly accurate approximate results. In this paper we will discuss about using finite element
method, specifically triangular elements, with Matlab to generate a 2 dimensional model for thermal distribution. We will also compute the maximum error of the model as the number of elements increases, discuss
about temperature on side of the model, and observe the change in temperature distribution if there is a
defect in the model.
0.1
Introduction
Finite element method is a numerical technique to find approximate results of partial differential equations
(PDE). This method uses a complex system of points called nodes which make a grid called a mesh. This
mesh is programmed to contain the material and structural properties which define how the structure will
react to certain loading conditions. [2]
The challenge of this method is to create equations to approximate the equations to be studied. The Finite
Element Method is a good choice for solving partial differential equations over complicated domains (like
cars and oil pipelines), when the domain changes (as during a solid state reaction with a moving boundary),
when the desired precision varies over the entire domain, or when the solution lacks smoothness. [1]
In our problem, we want to construct a two dimensional plate model (at steady state) for thermal distribution
using finite element method. We also use finite element to construct a defected model and study temperature
distribution throughout it. The temperature distribution is a PDE problem as following:
2 2
+ 2 = 0,
x2
y
= {0 < x < 5; 0 < y < 10}
(1)
With boundary conditions:

(x, 0)
0<x<5
(2)
(y, 0)
0 < y < 10
(3)
x
100 sin( )
10
0<x<5
(4)
(x, 10)
(5, y) = 0
0 < y < 10
(5)
x
This PDE problem is approached by using Matlab to build triangular mesh as shown in figure 1. Also the
exact solution of this problem is given as:
(x, y) =
x
100 sinh( y
10 ) sin( 10 )
sinh()
(6)
In this problem we also need to compare the numerical solution generated by Matlab and the exact analytical
solution.
0.2
2D Plate Model
We started up using 2D model in order to generate new understanding and improve computer method for
calculating temperature distribution along the model. 2D model has great advantages because it is cheap,
fast to process, give accurate numerical result, and could be processed more efficient and faster with parallel
method.
1
0.2.1
Building Triangular Mesh
In this problem, the plate model is assumed to be infinitely thin and has width of 5 (0 < x < 5) and length of
10 (0 < y < 10). Initially, the plate is constructed with 25 nodal points from bottom up. Then, 32 triangular
elements are created by making connectivity between nodes (figure 1). Furthermore, every element has three
local nodes (1, 2, and 3) which are referred to to specific nodal points. Matching up all the local nodes of
elements will create the expecting rectangle mesh.
Figure 1: 32 triangular element mesh
!
!
!
As in the figure above, the number in circle is element number (32 elements in this case). The whole
mesh is built by stacking up couples of triangular element facing opposite direction bottom up to top. The
boundary conditions are also shown in this figure. Temperature distributed on the top of the plate follow
a sinusoidal function (7). The temperatures of the left side and the bottom of the plate are assumed to be
zero initially, and the heat flux on the right side of the plate is also zero (no heat coming into or escapes
from the right side of the plate or heavily insulated) (8).
100 sin(
x
)
10
(7)
(8)
The mesh can be reconstructed with the same length and width but with more elements by increasing the
number of nodal points which will be discussed later.
0.2.2
Temperature Distribution In The Plate
After building the mesh, we want to see how temperature distributes throughout the model as can be seen
in figure 2 below:
Temperature Distribution
10
90
85
80
Vertical Side
75
70
65
4
60
3
55
2
50
1
45
0
2
3
4
Horizontal Side
Figure 2: Matlabs numerical result for temperature distribution of 32 element plate
The material studied in this model has thermal conductivity of k =10 which in family of ceramics. By
real life experiences, if heat is applied to material with low thermal conductivity, the expected result would
be that the heat concentrates at applied spot and doesnt spread out very far throughout the specimen. As
in the figure, we can see that heat concentrates highly at the top right of the model (highest of 100 degree at
the tip) and spreading downward. In figure above, we dont have a very smooth result due to small amount
of elements and nodes.
Student Version of MATLAB
0.2.3
Matlab Code for 25 Nodes and 32 Elements
This is our first approach to build 32 elements. This way of approach is not really efficient and we will
introduce the alternative after this. Here we create connectivity between local nodes of elements in order to
construct the mesh
%%z e r o s m a t r i x (2 by 25)
xn=zeros ( nsd , nnp ) ;
%%Using repmat t o r e p l i c a t e m a t r i c e s
A= [ 0 : 1 . 2 5 : 5 ] ;
B=repmat (A, 1 , 5 ) ;
%% I n p u t i n g x and y v a l u e f o r n o d a l p o i n t s
xn ( 1 , : ) =B ;
xn ( 2 , 1 : 1 : 5 ) = 0 ;
xn ( 2 , 6 : 1 : 1 0 ) = 2 . 5 ;
xn ( 2 , 1 1 : 1 : 1 5 ) = 5 ;
xn ( 2 , 1 6 : 1 : 2 0 ) = 7 . 5 ;
xn ( 2 , 2 1 : 1 : 2 5 ) = 1 0 ;
%%C o n n e c t i v i t y b e t w e e n nodes
%%L o c a l nodes a r e matched up w i t h g l o b a l nodes
%%Row 1 o f matrix LOCAL NODE 1
ien ( 1 , 1 : 1 : 4 ) = [ 1 : 1 : 4 ] ;
%l o c a l node 1 o f e l e m e n t s 1 t o 4
ien ( 1 , 5 : 1 : 8 ) = [ 7 : 1 : 1 0 ] ;
ien ( 1 , 9 : 1 : 1 2 ) = [ 6 : 1 : 9 ] ;
ien (1 ,13:1:16)=[12:1:15];
ien (1 ,17:1:20)=[11:1:14];
ien (1 ,21:1:24)=[17:1:20];
ien (1 ,25:1:28)=[16:1:19];
ien (1 ,29:1:32)=[22:1:25];
ien ( 2 , 1 : 1 : 8 ) = [ 2 : 1 : 9 ] ;
ien ( 2 , 9 : 1:1 6)=[7 :1:14 ];
ien (2 ,17:1:24)=[12:1:19];
ien (2 ,25:1:32)=[17:1:24];
ien (3 ,1:1:4)= ien ( 1 , 5 : 1 : 8 ) ;
ien (3 ,5:1:8)= ien ( 1 , 1 : 1 : 4 ) ;
ien (3 ,9:1:12)= ien (1 ,13:1:16);
ien (3 ,13:1:16)= ien ( 1 , 9 : 1 : 1 2 ) ;
ien (3 ,17:1:20)= ien (1 ,21:1:24);
ien (3 ,21:1:24)= ien (1 ,17:1:20);
ien (3 ,25:1:28)= ien (1 ,29:1:32);
ien (3 ,29:1:32)= ien (1 ,25:1:28);
% l o c a l node 3 o f e l e m e n t s 29 t o 32
0.2.4
Numerical Results as Number of Elements Increases
What would we expect for the numerical results of temperature distribution as the number of elements and
nodal points increase? The answer will be shown in figure 3 below. As the number of elements increases
from 128 to 1682, the result gets smoother and smoothers because there is less gap between data as in the
original plate of 32 elements.
98
96
9
97
94
96
80
4
75
Vertical side
6
90
5
88
4
3
86
2
70
2
3
4
Horizontal side
(a) 128 elements
92
85
Vertical Side
90
8
Vertical side
10
10
10
95
6
5
94
93
92
2
91
84
1
0
82
0
2
3
4
Horizontal side
(b) 512 elements
90
0
2
3
4
Horizontal Side
(c) 1682 elements
Figure 3: Matlabs numerical results as number of elements increases from left to right (a), (b), and (c)
0.2.5
Matlab Code for Increasing Elements and Nodal Points
As we revised the code again and again, we finally come up with the final efficient code to increase number
of nodal points and elements as shown below:
nsd =2;
% number o f s p a c e dimension
ndf =1;
%Student
number
f d e g r e e o f freedom p e r node
Version ofoMATLAB
nen =3;
% number o f e l e m e n t nodesStudent Version of MATLAB
nxd = 5 ;
% number o f p o i n t s i n x d i r e c t i o n
nyd = 5 ;
% number o f p o i n t s i n y d i r e c t i o n
x i n c = 5 / ( nxd 1);
% Increment i n x d i r e c t i o n
y i n c = 1 0 / ( nyd 1);
% Increment i n y d i r e c t i o n
n e l =(nxd 1)(2( nyd 1)) 2;
% number o f e l e m e n t s
nnp=nxdnyd ;
% number o f n o d a l p o i n t s
%%
% Nodal c o o r d i n a t e s%
%%
% xn ( i ,N):= c o o r d i n a t e i f o r node N
% N= 1 , . . . , nnp
% i = 1 , . . . , nsd
xn=zeros ( nsd , nnp ) ; %2 by nnp m a t r i x
pnumb = 0 ;
f o r j = 1 : nyd
f o r i = 1 : nxd
pnumb = pnumb + 1 ;
%%i n p u t i n g x and y v a l u e f o r n o d a l p o i n t s %%
xn ( 1 , pnumb) = ( i 1) x i n c ;
xn ( 2 , pnumb) = ( j 1) y i n c ;
end
end
0.2.6
Temperature Distribution on Right Side of The Model
As we already succeed in thermal distribution throughout the plate model, we want to analyze the temperature distribution on the right side of the model, where flux is assumed to be zero. The result is expected
to match with the exactly solution:
(x, y) =
x
100 sinh( y
10 ) sin( 10 )
sinh()
(9)
Holding x = 5 for all y, will give us the temperature distribution on the right side of the plate. Then,
equation (9) become:
(5, y) =
5
100 sinh( y
10 ) sin( 10 )
;
sinh()
0 < y < 10
(10)
Back to our 2D model, we want to see how our result would match up with the exact solution above (10).
Starting with 32 elements, the temperature at the bottom is zero and rises up to 100 at the top. However,
because there are big gaps between data of nodal points on the side of the model, the result shown in figure
below is not very smooth. But, again as we start to increase the number of elements, we observe the same
phenomenon as in the above section, the result start to get smoother and smoother due to less and less data
gap.
32 elements
100
80
Temperature
Temperature
80
60
40
20
0
128 elements
100
60
40
20
10
Y!axis
512 elements
100
10
10
80
Temperature
Temperature
1682 elements
100
80
60
40
20
0
6
Y!axis
60
40
20
10
Y!axis
6
Y!axis
Figure 4: Temperature distribution as number of elements increases

As we observe that the result get smoother and smoother, we also want to see if they converge to the
exact solution. To do that, we plot all the result in one graph as in figure below:
100
Temperature at The
Right Side of The
Plate
90
80
Temperature
70
60
50
The temperature lines
converge to a smooth line
as
the number of elements
increases
40
30
32 elements
128 elements
512 elements
1682 elements
20
10
0
5
Y!Axis
10
Figure 5: Convergence of results
0.2.7
Matlab Code for Plotting Side Temperature
A = load ( 32 e l e m e n t s . mat ) ;
%Load t e m p e r a t u r e o f
B = load ( 128 e l e m e n t s . mat ) ;
C = load ( 512 e l e m e n t s . mat ) ;
D = load ( 1682 e l e m e n t s . mat ) ;
x=5; %h o l d i n g x c o n s t a n t
y=linspace ( 0 , 1 0 ) ; %C r e a t i n g domain f o r y
g =100( sinh ( pi y . / 1 0 ) sin ( pi x / 1 0 ) ) / sinh ( pi ) ; %e x a c t
Ucomp1 = A. Ucomp ( 5 : 5 : 2 5 ) ;%Reading t e m p e r a t u r e on

Ucomp2 = B . Ucomp ( 9 : 9 : 8 1 ) ;%Reading t e m p e r a t u r e on
Ucomp3 = C . Ucomp ( 1 7 : 1 7 : 2 8 9 ) ;%Reading t e m p e r a t u r e
Ucomp4 = D. Ucomp ( 3 0 : 3 0 : 9 0 0 ) ;%Reading t e m p e r a t u r e
X1 = A. xn ( 2 , 5 : 5 : 2 5 ) ; X2 = B . xn ( 2 , 9 : 9 : 8 1 ) ;
X3 = C . xn ( 2 , 1 7 : 1 7 : 2 8 9 ) ; X4 = D. xn ( 2 , 3 0 : 3 0 : 9 0 0 ) ;
%%PLOT RESULTS
plot (X1 , Ucomp1 , p ) ;% 32 e l e m e n t s
hold on
plot (X2 , Ucomp2 , mv ) ;% 128 e l e m e n t s
hold on
plot (X3 , Ucomp3 , hk ) ;% 512 e l e m e n t s
hold on
plot (X4 , Ucomp4 , r ) ;% 1682 e l e m e n t s
nodal
nodal
nodal
nodal
points
points
points
points
in
in
in
in
32 e l e m e n t p l a t e
solution
t h e r i g h t s i d e o f 32 e l e m e n t p l a t e
t h e Student
r i g h t Version
side o
off MATLAB
on t h e r i g h t s i d e o f 512 e l e m e n t p l a t e
on t h e r i g h t s i d e o f 1682 e l e m e n t p l a t e
0.2.8
Computing Error in The Model
Finite element method gives approximate results, so the model we built definitely has error compared to
the exact numerical result. Before computing the error (in percentage) of the model, we used Matlab to
construct the exact result base on the function below:
(x, y) =
x
100 sinh( y
10 ) sin( 10 )
sinh()
(11)
Next, we construct a parameter to calculate temperature at every nodal point. After we have the exact
solution and the nodal point temperature, the error at each nodal point is computed by this equation (12):
Error =
Exact
Solution N odalP oint temperature

.100
Exact Solution
(12)
After calculating the error, we observe a phenomenon in which, the maximum percentage error dramatically
drops as the number of elements increases. This phenomenon is shown in figure below.
32 elements
128 elements
Percentage Error
Percentage Error
4
3
2
1.5
0.5
1
0
X!axis
512 elements
0.45
X!axis
1682 elements
0.14
0.4
0.12
Percentage Error
Percentage Error
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.1
0.02
0.05
0
X!axis
3
X!axis
Figure 6: Matlabs numerical result for maximum percentage error as number of elements increases. Maximum percentage error drop from 6 (32 elements) to 1.6 (128 elements) to 0.43 (512 elements) to 0.13 (1682
elements)
8
0.2.9
Matlab Code for Error Computing
%%Exact S o l u t i o n %%
f o r i= 1 : nnp
Exact ( i )= 100 sinh ( pi xn ( 2 , i ) / 1 0 ) sin ( pi xn ( 1 , i ) / 1 0 ) / sinh ( pi ) ;
end
%%Error Computing %%
E r r o r=abs ( ( ExactUcomp ) ) . / ( Exact ) 1 0 0 ;
f o r i =1:nnp
i f Exact ( i )+Ucomp( i )==0
i f Exact ( i )Ucomp( i )==0
E r r o r ( i )=0;
else
E r r o r ( i )=100;
end
end
end
0.3
Temperature Distribution In a Defected Plate Model
After computing the error in the model, we want to move forward to another important part in the project,
temperature distribution of the model with a hole. What the temperature distribution would be like if there
is a hole in the model? To approach this problem, we start with building the mesh.
0.3.1
Building the Mesh
The mesh is built in Matlab nearly the same way as with the original mesh, except for the middle part of it.
8 elements are taken out leaving an empty space in the mesh. In order to take away the elements, the number of nodal points and elements has to be reduced. Figure below shows the mesh with a hole in the middle.
10 20
21
(21)
15
7
(23)
(18)
16
23
(19)
17
(20)
18
(14)
12
13
(11)
6
2
1
01
0
(10)
7
(5)
8
(6)
(1)
1
14
(12)
(9)
19
(16)
(13)
5 11
24
(24)
(15)
6
Y!axis
22
(22)
(17)
Mesh
9
(7)
(2)
3
2
3
X!axis
10
(8)
(3)
(4)
Figure 7: Mesh of the defected plate model
As in figure 7 above, the nodal point is built in the same pattern from left to right and from bottom
up. The hole is built by building the nodes so that they surround certain areas and by setting up no
connectivity between nodes there.
0.3.2
Matlab Code of The Mesh With Hole
Since we havent figured out the relationship of nodes at the hole, the whole mesh is built manually and this
is not an efficient way to study the model when the number of elements increases.
%B u i l d i n g Nodal P o i n t s
xn ( 1 , 1 : 1 : 5 ) = 0 : 1 . 2 5 : 5 ;
xn ( 1 , 6 : 1 : 1 0 ) = 0 : 1 . 2 5 : 5 ;
xn ( 1 , 1 1 ) = 0 ; xn ( 1 , 1 2 ) = 1 . 2 5 ;
xn ( 1 , 1 3 ) = 3 . 7 5 ; xn ( 1 , 1 4 ) = 5 ;
xn ( 1 , 1 5 : 1 : 1 9 ) = 0 : 1 . 2 5 : 5 ;
xn ( 1 , 2 0 : 1 : 2 4 ) = 0 : 1 . 2 5 : 5 ;
xn ( 2 , 6 : 1 : 1 0 ) = 2 . 5 ;
xn ( 2 , 1 : 1 : 5 ) = 0 ;
xn ( 2 , 1 1 : 1 : 1 2 ) = 5 ;
xn ( 2 , 1 3 : 1 : 1 4 ) = 5 ;
xn ( 2 , 1 5 : 1 : 1 9 ) = 7 . 5 ;
xn ( 2 , 2 0 : 1 : 2 4 ) = 1 0 ;
%B u i l d i n g L o c a l Nodal P o i n t s
ien (1 ,1:1:4)=1:1:4;
ien (1 ,5:1:8)=7:1:10;
%L o c a l nodes 1 and 2 a t h o l e
ien (1 ,9)=6; ien (1 ,10)=9;
ien (1 ,11)=12; ien (1 ,12)=14;
ien (1 ,13)=11; ien (1 ,14)=13;
ien (1 ,15)=16; ien (1 ,16)=19;
ien (1 ,17:1:20)=15:18;
ien (1 ,21:24)=21:24;
ien (2 ,1:1:4)=2:5;
ien (2 ,5:1:8)=6:9;
%X
%X
%X
%X
%X
%X
%Y
%Y
%Y
%Y
%Y
%Y
value
value
value
value
value
value
value
value
value
value
value
value
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
elements
elements
elements
elements
elements
elements
elements
elements
elements
elements
elements
elements
1 to 5
6 t o 10
at the hole
at the hole
15 t o 19
20 t o 24
6 t o 10
1 to 5
at the hole
at the hole
15 t o 19
20 t o 24
( 1 1 , 12)
( 1 3 , 14)
( 1 1 , 12)
( 1 3 , 14)
ien (2 ,9)=7; ien (2 ,10)=10;

ien (2 ,11)=11; ien (2 ,12)=13;
ien (2 ,13)=12; ien (2 ,14)=14;
ien (2 ,15)=15; ien (2 ,16)=18;
ien (2 ,17:20)=16:19;
ien (2 ,21:1:24)=20:23;
ien (3 ,1:4)=7:10;
ien (3 ,5:8)=1:4;
%L o c a l node 3 a t h o l e
ien (3 ,9)=12; ien (3 ,10)=14;
ien (3 ,11)=6; ien (3 ,12)=9;
ien (3 ,13)=16; ien (3 ,14)=19;
ien (3 ,15)=11; ien (3 ,16)=13;
ien (3 ,17:1:20)=21:24;
ien (3 ,21:1:24)=15:18;
After constructing the mesh, we want to set up boundary conditions for the model and observe its steady
state temperature distribution.
0.3.3
Temperature Distribution in The Defected Model
The boundary conditions for this plate stays the same for all the sides as in the original plate. Heat is
applied on the top of the plate as a sinusoidal function (7). There is no heat being applied to the left side
10
and the bottom side, the temperature at these places is considered to be absolute zero. There is no heat flux
through the right side of the plate because its heavily insulated. The only difference in this model is that
there is boundary condition at the hole and the temperature there is also considered to be zero.
After setting up all the boundary conditions, we have been able to make a thermal distribution graph for
the model with Matlab as in figure 8 below.
10
95
9
90
Y!axis
8
7
85
80
75
4
70
3
65
2
60
1
0
55
0
2
3
X!axis
Figure 8: Temperature distribution of a defected plate model

As in figure 8 above, temperature spreading to almost everywhere on the upper part and the right side of
the plate. The highest heat concentration is still at the top right corner. Because there is no heat flux
through the hole, thermal energy has to be spread in different direction. In this case, heat is forced to spread
throughout the top part and the right side part of the model.
Comparing Temperature Distribution of Original Plate Model and Defected Plate Model
After finishing the temperature distribution of the defected model, we want to compare the result to that of
the original plate.
11
10
95
95
90
8
85
80
75
70
65
60
75
Y!axis
90
Y!axis
10
85
80
70
3
65
60
1
0
55
45
55
0
2
3
X!axis
50
1
0
(a) Hole model
2
3
X!axis
(b) Original model
Figure 9: Matlabs numerical results for the defected model and the original model from left to right (a), (b)
As in the figure we can see that heat is spreading further to the left at the top part and further down on
the right side of the plate with hole.
0.3.4
Matlab Code for Temperature

Distribution of The Defected
Model
Student Version of
MATLAB
The temperature distribution in this model is controlled by boundary conditions as below

%%
% Boundary c o n d i t i o n s
%
%%
% p r e s c r i b e d d i s p l a c e m e n t ( e s s e n t i a l boundary c o n d i t i o n )
%
% I d b ( i ,N)=1 i f t h e d e g r e e o f freedom i o f t h e node N i s p r e s c r i b e d
%
=0 o t h e r w i s e
%
% 1) i n i t i a l i z e I d b t o 0
i d b=zeros ( ndf , nnp ) ;
% 2) e n t e r t h e f l a g f o r p r e s c r i b e d d i s p l a c e m e n t boundary c o n d i t i o n s
f o r i = 1 : nxd
i d b ( 1 , i )=1;
end
f o r i = 1 : nxd : ( nyd ( nxd 1)+1)
i d b ( 1 , i )=1;
end
f o r i = nxd ( nyd 1)+1:nxd ( nyd )
i d b ( 1 , i )=1;
end
12
%%
% p r e s c r i b e d n o d a l t e m p e r a t u r e boundary c o n d i t i o n s
%
%%
% g ( i ,N) : p r e s c r i b e d t e m p e r a t u r e f o r t h e d o f i o f node N
% initialize g
g=zeros ( ndf , nnp ) ;
% enter the values
f o r i=nxd ( nyd 1): nxdnyd1
g ( 1 , i )=100 sin ( pi xn ( 1 , i ) / 1 0 ) ; %h e a t e q u a t i o n on t o p o f t h e p l a t e
end
%Temperature a t t h e h o l e%
g (1 ,7:1:9)=0;
g (1 ,12:1:13)=0
g (1 ,16:1:18)=0;
0.4
conclusion
Overall, finite element method gives very good approximate results for the PDE problem in this project
as the number of elements increases. The maximum percentage of error also drop dramatically at very big
amount of elements. Furthermore, this method is a useful tool to study the temperature distribution of a
defected model, especially the plate model with a hole in the middle, where we have no exact solution to
compare to. Clearly, using this method in Matlab give lots of advantages in numerical approximation.
0.5
Acknowledgements
I would like to thank Professor Nima Rahbar who guided us throughout the project, from proposing this
project to providing us the background we need in finite element method. I also want to thank Professor
Gottlieb, Professor Kim and Csums staff for their encouragement and support throughout the program.
13
Bibliography
[1] Peter Widas. Introduction to finite element analysis. http://www.sv.vt.edu/classes/MSE2094_
NoteBook/97ClassProj/num/widas/history.html, April 1997.
[2] Wikipedia. Finite element method. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finite_element_method, August
2010.
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Finite Element- 2 Dimensional Model for Thermal

= {0 < x < 5; 0 < y < 10}

With boundary conditions:

Building Triangular Mesh

Figure 1: 32 triangular element mesh

Temperature Distribution In The Plate

Figure 2: Matlabs numerical result for temperature distribution of 32 element plate

Student Version of MATLAB

Matlab Code for 25 Nodes and 32 Elements

Numerical Results as Number of Elements Increases

(a) 128 elements

(b) 512 elements

(c) 1682 elements

Matlab Code for Increasing Elements and Nodal Points

Student Version of MATLAB

Temperature Distribution on Right Side of The Model

Figure 4: Temperature distribution as number of elements increases

Student Version of MATLAB

Figure 5: Convergence of results

Matlab Code for Plotting Side Temperature

Ucomp1 = A. Ucomp ( 5 : 5 : 2 5 ) ;%Reading t e m p e r a t u r e on

Computing Error in The Model

Solution N odalP oint temperature

Matlab Code for Error Computing

Temperature Distribution In a Defected Plate Model

Building the Mesh

Figure 7: Mesh of the defected plate model

Student Version of MATLAB

Matlab Code of The Mesh With Hole

ien (2 ,9)=7; ien (2 ,10)=10;

Temperature Distribution in The Defected Model

Figure 8: Temperature distribution of a defected plate model

(a) Hole model

(b) Original model

Matlab Code for Temperature

The temperature distribution in this model is controlled by boundary conditions as below

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