Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CITATION
OUTLINE OF REPORT
Introduction
Definition
Importance
Types of Citation Principles
Norms/Sources
US Context
Philippine Context
DEFINITION OF CITATION
It is a reference to legal authorities or
IMPORTANCE OF LEGAL
CITATION
It is used in arguments to courts, legal textbooks, law review articles and
possible for anyone using a law library to find cited cases, statutes,
The task of "legal citation" in short is to provide sufficient information to the reader of a brief or
memorandum to aid a decision about which authorities to check as well as in what order to consult
them and to permit efficient and precise retrieval all of that, without consuming any more space or
creating any more distraction than is absolutely necessary.
IMPORTANCE OF LEGAL
CITATION
A reference properly written in "legal citation" strives to
identify the document and document part to which the writer is referring
provide the reader with sufficient information to find the document or document
part in the sources the reader has available (which may or may not be the same
sources as those used by the writer), and
furnish important additional information about the referenced material and its
connection to the writer's argument to assist readers in deciding whether or not
to pursue the reference.
TYPES OF CITATION
PRINCIPLES
Full Address Principles
TYPES OF CITATION
PRINCIPLES
Other Minimum Content Principles
authority.
For most law writing, the relevant citations
BLUE BOOK
A uniform system of citation
States
Nineteenth edition
compiled by:
citation
consistent with Blue
Book
filled with examples of
citation forms
3.
a date
HOW TO CITE?
Following BLUE BOOK on PRIMARY
and SECONDARY Sources ( US
CONTEXT)
CASE DOCUMENTS
BOOKS
COURT RULES
ARBITRATIONS
CONSTITUTION AND
STATUTES
JUDICIAL OPINIONS
ELECTRONIC SOURCES
HOW TO CITE?
THE BLUE BOOK :APPLIED IN
PHILIPPINE CONTEXT
ORDER OF AUTHORITIES
PRIMARY
Constitution
instruments
Cases
Legislative Documents other than statutes
Administrative or executive documents
Implementing Rules and Regulations
Court Documents including Rules of Court
Documents of intergovernmental
organizations
ORDER OF AUTHORITIES
SECONDARY
Books, Annotations and Treatises
Journal Articles
Periodical Articles
Internet Sources
Interviews
Papers and Theses
Miscellaneous
CONSTITUTION
Current Constitution:
(1932).
CASES (JUDICIAL
DECISIONS)
CASES (JUDICIAL
DECISIONS)
CASES (JUDICIAL
DECISIONS)
LEGISLATIVE MATERIALS
Bills
LEGISLATIVE MATERIALS
Bills with hearings held
LEGISLATIVE MATERIALS
Congressional Reports
SENATE JOURNAL 722, 13th Cong. 1st Reg. Sess., Senate Sess. No.
67 (Mar. 7, 2005).
68 JOURNAL OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 14, 13th
Cong., 1st Reg. Sess. (May 10-11, 2005).
Bureau of Internal Revenue, Revenue Memorandum Circular No. 3793, 89 O.G. 4476 (Aug. 9, 1993).
Bureau of Internal Revenue, Rev. Reg. No. 16, 2005, Effectivity Clause
(Sep. 1, 2005).
Office of the President, Instituting the Presidential Award for Heroism
in Times of Disaster, Executive Order No. 421 (Sep. 7, 1990).
Securities and Exchange Commission, Code of Corporate
Governance, SEC Memorandum Circular No. 2, Series of 2002 (Apr.
5, 2002).
RULES OF COURT
{TITLE OF RULES}, {rule}, {subdivisions}.
BOOKS, ANNOTATIONS,
TREATISES
BOOKS, ANNOTATIONS,
TREATISES
BOOKS, ANNOTATIONS,
TREATISES
BOOKS, ANNOTATIONS,
TREATISES
subsequent citations:
BOOKS, ANNOTATIONS,
TREATISES
Annotations
JOURNAL ARTICLES
{Author}, {Title}, {volume number} {JOURNAL}
PERIODICALS
Magazine
Newspaper Article
INTERNET SOURCES
{Author if available}, {title}, available at
{internet address/website} (last accessed
{date}).
INTERVIEWS
In-person Interview
{Name}, {Title}, {Institutional Affiliation, if any, of
the interviewee}, in {location of the interview}
({date of the interview}).
Interview with Dick Cheney, Vice-President,
United States of America, in Washington, D.C.
(Oct. 24, 2006).
Telephone Interview
{Name}, {Title}, {Institutional Affiliation, if any, of
the interviewee}, in {location of the interview}
({date of the interview}).
Telephone Interview with Orhan Pamuk, in
Stockholm (Oct. 12, 2006).
INTERVIEWS
Interview not personally conducted by the
author
THESES
{Author}, {Title} ({date}) ({indicate type of work},
{institution that awarded the degree}) ({where it can
be found}).
Reports
PHILIPPINE MANUAL
ON LEGAL CITATIONS
Primary and Secondary Sources
Likewise, omit alternative names given for any party such as a trade
name under which the party conducts business.
WRONG:
Wilson U. Ng doing business and style as Compact Blockbuster Video, Inc. v. Juan de la
Cruz
RIGHT:
Ng v. De la Cruz
In special proceedings, Estate of, Intestate of and Will of are not
considered procedural phrases, but are part of the case name. Do not omit
these terms.
WRONG:
In re Le Liong
RIGHT:
Intestate Estate of Le Liong v. Ang Chia, L-3342, April 18,1951
b. Where the office is named, give the complete name of the office.
Examples:
Collector of Internal Revenue v. Tan Eng Hong
Chief of Phil. Constabulary v. Sabungan Bagong Silangan
Always cite Municipality of _____, City of _____, Province of _____ as they appear in
the decisions.
Examples:
Province of Rizal v. R.T.C 7.
Cite case names beginning with procedural terms like Ex parte, Ex rel and In re as
they appear in the decision. Use In re instead of In the matter of.
Examples:
Ex parte Milligan
U.S. ex rel Great house v. Smith
CASE REPORTS
Supreme Court Decisions
Supreme Court decisions are printed in an official report and in at least two
unofficial reports.
Official Reports
Official reports are printed by the court issuing the case, out of funds provided by the legislature. For
example, the official site for Supreme Court cases is the Philippine Reports. This is published by
the Supreme Court.
Unofficial Reports
All commercially published reporters such as the Supreme Court Reports Annotated (SCRA) and the
Supreme Court Advanced decisions (SCAD) contain unofficial reports.
When the decision is already found in the Philippine Reports, indicate only the
Philippine Reports citation.
PHILIPPINE REPORTS
Cite as: volume Phil. page (year)
Example:
Diaz v. Estrera, 106 Phil. 637 (1947)
OFFICIAL GAZETTE
Cite G.T. docket number and date of promulgation before the O.G.
citation.
Cite as: G.R. No. _____, date promulgated, volume O.G. page(Month and
year of issue).
Example:
Espiritu v. Rivera, G.R. No. 17092, September 30, 1963, 62 O.G.7226 (Oct. 1966).
Example:
Estapa v. Diansay, G.R. No. 14733, September 30, 1960
COURT OF APPEALS
DECISIONS, 1936
1. APPELATE COURT REPORTS (v. 21, 1937 and V. 8, 1947 are the only ones
published)
Cite as: volume C.A. Rep. page(year)
Example:
Chunaco v. Singh, 8 C.A. Rep. 488 (1947)
OFFICIAL GAZETTE
Cite as: Sandiganbayan Crim. Case No. _____, date
of promulgation, volume O.G. page (month and year of
issue).
Example:
Manila Electric Co. v. Allarde, C.A. Sp No. 11850, May 15,
1987,86 O.G. 3447 (May, 1990)
Other Courts
1.
SANDIGANBAYAN DECISIONS
OTHER COURTS
3. REGIONAL TRIAL COURT DECISION Cite as: RTC (Place and Brance No.
___) Crim. Case or S.P. No. R-_____, date of promulgation.
Example:
People v. Johnson, RTC (San Jose, Occidental Mindoro,Br. 45) Crim. Case No. R1681, August 6, 1984
4. METROPOLITAN TRIAL COURT Cite as: MeTC (Place and Branch No.) Civil or
CriminalCase No. _____, date of promulgation.
Example:
Skell Distribution Co., Inc. v. Balmaceda, MeTC (Manila,Branch X) Civil Case No. 59563, July 20,
1982.
Administrative Decisions
Cite by the name of the agency (when there is an abbreviatedform,
use abbreviation or acronym) case number and date
of promulgation.
Example:
Tinio v. Dizon, DANR Case No. 2734, April 24, 1967.
In re Colocado, CSC Adm. Case No. R-27182, September 26,1964.
BASIC RULES ON
LEGAL CITATION
UNDERLINING
There
UNDERLINING IN CITATIONS
DO UNDERLINE
DO NOT UNDERLINE
Statutes
Constitutions
Restatements
Reporter names
Procedural rules
Names of journals
UNDERLINING IN TEXT
The following words or phrases should be italicized
ABBREVIATIONS
USED IN CITATIONS
IN CASE NAMES
Abbreviate the listed words wherever they appear in a party's name
Eng'r - Eng'rs
Enter. - Enters.
Mfr. - Mfrs.
IN CASE HISTORIES
acquiescing
acq.
nonacquiescing
nonacq.
affirmed
aff'd
probable
prob.
affirming
aff'g
rehearing
reh'g
certiorari
cert.
reversed
rev'd
jurisdiction
juris.
reversing
rev'g
memorandum
mem.
BFAD
BL
CBAA
CAB
CSC
COA
COMELEC
CHED
CHR
DA
DE
DENR
DOF
DFA
DILG
DOJ
DOLE
DND
DPWH
DOST
LTFRB
LWUA
MARINA
MSB
MWSS
MB
MTRCB
NBI
NCMB
NEDA
NFA
NHA
NIA
NLRC
NL
NTC
OSG
OMBUDSMAN
OGCC
OWWA
PCG
PCA
PEZA
PNR
POEA
PSC
PVA
PRC
SEC
SSS
ECC
GSIS
HLURB
LLDA
LRA
Laws
Republic Act
Batas Pambansa
Presidential Decree
Commonwealth Act
Act
Executive Issuances
Executive Order
Administrative Order
Letter of Instruction
R.A.
B.P.
P.D.
C.A.
Act
E.O.
A.O.
LOI
S. No.
H. No.
S. Res.
H. Res.
S. Con Res.
S. J. Res.
H. Rpt.
S. Rpt.
R.B.H.
Philippine Reports
Philippine Reports
Phil.
SCRA
SCAD
CARA
SCUD
PHILIPPINE LEGAL
PERIODICALS
Ateneo Law Journal
ATENEO L.J.
Baguio Colleges Foundation Law Journal
B.C.F.L. J.
Commission on Audit Journal
C.O.A.J.
Court Systems Journal
Ct. Systems J.
Diplomats Review
DIPLOMATS REV.
Far Eastern Law Review
FAR EAST. L. REV.
Filipino Lawyer
FILIPINO LAW
Foreign Relations Journal
FOR. REL. J.
Foundation Law Review
FOUNDATION L. REV.
Francisco College Law Journal
FRANCISCO C.L.J.
Journal of the Constitutional Convention of the Philippines J.C.C. PHIL.
Journal of the Integrated Bar of the Philippines
J. INTEG. BAR PHIL.
Judges Journal
JUDGES J.
Jurisprudence
JUR.
Labor Review
LAB. REV.
Law Journal and Magazine of the Integrated Bar of the Philippines
IBP L.J. & Mag.
Lawyers Review
LAW. REV.
Lyceum of the Philippines Law Review
LY. PHIL. L. REV.
MLQU L.Q.
MINDANAO L.J.
MON. BUS & TAX BULL
PHILCONSA J.
PHIL J. INDUS. REL.
P.J.L.L.
PHIL. J. PUB. ADM.
PHIL. LAB. REL. J.
PHIL. L. GAZ.
PHIL. L.J.
PHIL L. REP.
PHIL. YRBK. INTL. L.
PHIL. JUD. WEEK.
SAN BEDA L.J.
S.E.C. BULL.
SILLIMAN L.J.
STUD. PHIL. LAB.
TALA INDUS. REL. BULL.
TAX MON.
U.S.C. L. REV.
U.S.T. L. REV.
U.E.L.J.
U.M. L. GAZ.
WORLD BULL.
SPACING AND
PERIODS
SPACING BETWEEN
ABBREVIATED WORDS
Principle 1: Successive words abbreviated
SPACING BETWEEN
ABBREVIATED WORDS
Principle 3: In journal titles, successive single
PERIODS IN ABBREVATIONS
Principle 1: In general abbreviations should end in a period.
Principle 2: However, abbreviations that are contractions ending
with an apostrophe and the last letter of the word should not be
followed by a period.
Principle 3: In addition, entities that are commonly referred to by
REFERENCES
http://www.law.cornell.edu/citation/