BACKGROUND OF TEACHING AND RESEARCH

TEACHING
The systematic provision of learning techniques to most children, such as
literacy, has been a development of the last 150 or 200 years. Schools for the
young have historically been supplemented with advanced training for priests,
bureaucrats and specialists.
In ancient India, during the Vedic period from about 1500 BC to 600 BC, most
education was based on the Veda and later Hindu texts and scriptures.
The Gurukul system of education supported traditional Hindu residential
schools of learning; typically the teacher's house or a monastery. Education was
free, but students from well-to-do families paid "Gurudakshina," a voluntary
contribution after the completion of their studies. At the Gurukuls, the teacher
imparted knowledge of Religion, Scriptures, Philosophy, Literature, Warfare,
Statecraft, Medicine,
Astrology
and
History. The
corpus
of Sanskrit
literature encompasses a rich tradition of poetry and drama as well as
technical scientific, philosophical and generally Hindu religious texts, though
many central texts of Buddhism and Jainism have also been composed in
Sanskrit.
Two epic poems formed part of ancient Indian education. The Mahabharata,
part of which may date back to the 8th century BC, discusses human goals
attempting to explain the relationship of the individual to society and the world
and the workings of karma. The other epic poem, Ramayana, is shorter,
although it has 24,000 verses. It is thought to have been compiled between
about 400 BC and 200 AD. The epic explores themes of human existence and
the concept of dharma.
An early center of learning in India dating back to the 5th century BC was
Takshashila,
which
taught
the
three Vedas and
the
eighteen
accomplishments. It was an important Vedic/Hindu and Buddhist centre of
learning from the 6th century BC to the 5th century AD.

RESEARCH
Research comprises "creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order
to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of humans, culture
and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new
applications."
There
are
several
forms
of

research: scientific, humanities, artistic, economic, social, business, marketing,

practitioner research, life, technological ,etc.

SKILL/EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION
TEACHING
1. Enjoy communicating your understanding to others.
2. Have confidence.
3. Have great organizational skills.
4. Work effectively in groups.
5. Be able to deal with conflict.
6. Motivate your students to do their best.
7. Empathize with your Students.
Anyone can become a teacher on basis of their qualification:
After 10th class: If you want to become a teacher after 10th class, you can try
in a private school. If you are looking for a more professional option, you can go
for a diploma course like The Diploma in Education (D.Ed.), which is a threeyear course and is conducted for 10th class, passed students. This course will
make you eligible to teach students at the primary level.
After 12th class: Even after 12th class, you can get a job in any private school if
you have an expertise in a particular subject. For better options, you can go for

a course like the Diploma in Early Childhood Care and Education. BSTC is also
an option for 12th pass students who wish to become a teacher.
The Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.): B.Ed. is an after-graduation degree course in
India that makes you eligible to teach students in secondary and senior
secondary schools. TET (Teacher Eligibility Test) exams are conducted
individually by each state in India for the admission of teachers. CTET exam is
conducted by the CBSE for recruitment of teachers in the Central government
owned schools.
Anyone can become a professor on basis of their qualification:
You should apply for the postgraduate program and score at least 55%, since it
is the minimum eligibility to appear for the NET (National Eligibility Test)-the
qualifying examination for teaching in a college
Either you can sit for the NET exam or can apply for doing research work in
your university. M.Phil & PhD degrees are required for doing teaching in a
college. A candidate who possesses doctoral degree gets an edge over other
applicants.
For recruitment as professors in universities or institutions, it is mandatory to
clear NET (National Eligibility Test) /SET (State Eligibility Test) examination.
Usually, NET is conducted by the UGC (University Grants Commission) twice in
a year- June & December every year. Those candidates who have successfully
cleared NET are eligible to apply for the lecturer posts in all Indian
universities/Institutes/colleges, but the SET qualified candidates will be eligible
for appointment of the lecturer post only in universities/colleges, belonging to
the state from where they have cleared the SET exam.

RESEARCH
Skills Required:
Research scientists are naturally inquisitive.
Their work requires analytical skills and attention to detail in order to design
repeatable procedures and record results accurately.
Research scientists report their findings in publications and oral presentations,
requiring excellent communication and writing skills.
Required Education:
Research scientists have typically earned master's or doctorate degrees in their
specific fields of study, like physics, biology or chemistry.
Most research scientists have completed postgraduate degrees in their field.

Research scientist positions at colleges and universities generally require

Ph.D.s, while master's degrees are sometimes acceptable for jobs in the public
and private sectors.