1.

a. The transmission division in India faces numerous difficulties, the majority

of which need to do with getting licenses, arrive obtaining, administrative
and ecological clearances and so forth. The Right of Way law for transmission
lines decides the rules for the concerned powers including pay for land
securing. Each temporary worker offering for the procedure must be
reviewed deliberately, as there have been numerous occurrences where
unpracticed contractual workers made and won unviable ventures, just to
understand their habit mostly prompting to slow down undertakings.
Henceforth one of the chief errands required to be done is checking for the
budgetary practicality. On the off chance that the venture is practical and the
temporary worker chooses to proceed with the venture, then go for
endorsements. Cost benefit analysis must be led considering money streams
anticipated from wheeling charges, premium, deterioration, leap rate and
cost of capital. Venture can proceed just if it's observed to be fiscally or
deliberately achievable. Scope has to be defined and after that the boundary
cross points should be defined. Feasibility study of not just financials, but
also other feasibility studies have to be done such as Technical feasibility,
social feasibility, resource feasibility, project feasibilities.
Approvals required are:
Specialized Approval: Central Electricity Authority conducts framework
investigations of the power framework in the nation and checks the
consonance of the venture with the nationwide framework.
Ministry of Power: Point of view planning, Policy formation, preparing of tasks
for investments decision, observing of the execution of force undertakings,
preparing and labor advancement and the organization and authorization of
enactment with respect to power era, transmission and distribution.
Business Approval: This must be given by State Electricity Regulatory
Commission which will later affirm the Annual Revenue Requirement
presented by Transco and incorporate these charges in the sum paid by the
buyers. Recognizable proof of partners and bearers of development cost is
finished. A portion of the recipients of the line are specific/general clients and
generators. Now and then line is required to transmit force of generator or to
supply energy to a specific modern buyer. At that point add up to line costs
can't be charged on overall population. On the off chance that the line is
worked for expanding effectiveness and nature of force supply, charges can
be stacked on all buyers. For this to work in reasonableness, business usage
of the line must be clear with the goal that weight can be on some specific
consumer. For this reason, transmission benefit assertion must be agreed
upon.

Detailed Project Report : This is a compilation of the reports discussed till

now prepared all departments of engineering and design to arrive at Land
acquisition cost, Contingencies, Funds to pay interest, scope of project,
design details, cost estimates based on past data/ basis of costs and
compensation for forest land.

Social Impact Assessment: The quantity of individuals influenced, affect

report and moderation arranges including remuneration are checked by the
state government. In the event that the course of the line asses over phone
lines, airplane terminals, social destinations and railroad tracks, fundamental
consents are required from the relating powers.
Forest Approval: This endorsement is issued by Govt. of India or the Supreme
Court as rent for a long time in light of the region and nature of woods.
Based upon the size of the land, the authority that gives approval changes.
For example, if it is greater than 100 acres, then Supreme Court has to give
the nod.
Financial support Procedures:
The financing organizations has Asian improvement bank, Rural
Electrification Corporation and the Power Finance Corporation. This
procedure can be begun alongside the systems for required endorsements
and the specialized and money related suitability of the venture and capacity
of Transco to reimburse the advance are checked by these powers.
Government to advance infra activities may finance up to 30% of the venture
making the advance procedure less demanding by expanding believability.
Here and there even the cost of capital may descend at a 1% commission of
venture cost.

2 i)

Stakehold
er

CEA

Responsible
for power
system in the
country

Regulation
adherence
and
completion

Direct

Medium

Power
&
Influe
nce
High

Transco

Need to
construct and
maintain the
line profitably
and reliably
Could be a
major
shareholder
of the
Transco apart
from public
welfare
Sets the
tariffs

Financial
Viability of
the Project

Direct

High

High

Adherence
to
standards
and
completion

Direct

High

High

Adherence
to
standards
and
completion
Environme
nt Viability

Direct

High

High

Direct

Medium

High

Low tariff,
power
supply

Indirect/
direct

High

Mediu
m

Compensat
ion in
return

Direct

High

Mediu
m

State
Governme
nt

State
Electricity
Regulatory
Commissio
n
NGOs

Consumers

People
affected by
project

Reason

Protests on
different
issues
Will better
power supply
or load
enhancement
By getting
displaced
and may
protest

Interest

Involvem
ent

Impact

Stakeholder
Displaced People

NGOs

Political parties

Reason
for
Resistance
Agitate
for
not
receiving compensation
and
may
demand
higher compensation
May oppose by showing
environmental
concerns
May
show
various
reasons
such
as
environment,
embezzlement, to stop
projects

Mitiggation Plan
Include in terms and
involve
state
government and other
bodies
Need to take steps to
mitigate damage to
environment
Need to diligent

In order to reduce compensation costs and damages, there is a need to

engage locals and local bodies and the government while decision making so
as to reduce risk in the later stages.
As the height of the towers come down, the width increases and this in turn
increase the amount of space required. This also increases the construction
costs along with the area required. This might lead to various problems such
as acquisition of land, increased costs, compensation related, etc., if not
properly planned.
Long and tall Towers can be utilized for the development of line to reduce
cutting of trees yet must be in accordance with the directions in regards to
regulations. As prerequisites for hall are gigantic, the tree cutting may
represent an enormous ecological challenge prompting to tremendous pay
costs.
Arrangements must be revised appropriately to incorporate land
remuneration notwithstanding harms for products. Notwithstanding pay only
for passages, contingent upon land affect, pay can be extended to the entire
region to decrease land difficulties.