GRAMMAR CENTRE

EXERCISE

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

A) Main uses of the simple present perfect tense.

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The present perfect simple is a tense that causes considerable problems for
Brazilian learners as the concept does not exist in Portuguese. Look at the
three main uses of the present
perfect..............................................................................................................
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1)To express unfinished past actions which begin in the past and
still continue in the present.
I've lived in Rio all my life (and I still live here now).
How long have you worked here?
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For this use the words for and since are often used.
since + fixed point in time.
I've worked here since 1993.
for + period of time.
I've been Director for 6 months.
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2) To express actions with a present result or relevance( the past
event is usually recent).
"What's the problem? You look worried" "I've lost my bag"
"Sorry. I must go. My taxi's arrived."
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As the past event is usually recent, this use is often used with just.
They've just bought a new house.
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3) To express past experience with no specific time reference:
I've visited Paris three times.
Have you seen Titanic?
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For this use ever, never and before are often used.
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I've never been to France.
Have you ever tried frog legs?
Has she been there before?
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B) How we form the present perfect simple.
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The present perfect simple is formed
by:....................................................................................................................
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subject + have/has + past participle of the main verb
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Hes been to France 3 times. (been - past participle from the verb to be)
Hes left work already. (left - past participle from the verb to leave)
Look! Someones drawn on our wall! (drawn - past participle from the verb
to draw)
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For the negative not is added
after have/has:.................................................................................................
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We havent done it yet. (done - past participle from the verb - to do)
He hasn't ever been to Peru.
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For the negative not is added after have/has. The contracted
forms haven't and hasn't are more
common...........................................................................................................
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We haven't done it yet. (done - past participle from the verb - to do)
He hasn't ever been to Peru.

AFFIRMATIVE and NEGATIVE

FULL FORM

CONTRACTED FORM

I have worked

I've worked

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you have worked

you've worked

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he has worked

he's worked

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she has worked

she's worked

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it has worked

it's worked

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we have worked

we've worked

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they have worked

they've worked

QUESTIONS AND NEGATIVE

NEGATIVE FORM

QUESTION FORM

I haven't worked

Have I worked?

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you haven't worked

Have you worked?

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he hasn't worked

Has he worked?

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she hasn't worked

Has she worked?

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it hasn't worked

Has it worked?

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we haven't worked

Have we worked?

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they haven't worked

Have they worked?

SHORT ANSWERS

QUESTION

SHORT ANSWERS

Have you been there?

Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.

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Has he done it?

Yes, he has. / No, he hasn't.

TRADUO EM PORTUGUS

A) Como o present perfect simple tense usado.

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present perfect simple tense bastante complicado para alunos
brasileiros pois o seu uso principal no existe em portugus. Observe
como se usa o present

perfect........................................................................................................
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Para aes incompletas iniciadas no passado e que
continuam at o presente momento.
ve lived in Rio all my life (and I still live here now).
How long have you worked here?
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Com este significado, as palavras for e since so freqentemente
usadas.
since + ponto fixo no tempo
I've worked here since 1993.
for + perodo de tempo
I've been Director for 6 months.
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Para aes com um aparente resultado no presente ou
relevncia ao presente (o evento geralmente recente):
"What's the problem? You look worried" "I've lost my bag"
"Sorry. I must go. My taxi's arrived."
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Como o evento geralmente recente, a palavra just muito usada
They've just bought a new house.
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3) Para experincias passadas sem referncia temporal
especfica.
ve visited Paris three times
Have you seen Titanic?
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Com este significado, geralmente usamos as palavras ever,
e before
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ve never been to France.
you ever tried frog legs?
Has she been there before?
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B) Como se forma o present perfect.
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Vejamos como se forma o present
perfect:......................................................................................................

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subject + have/has + past participle of the main verb
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Hes been to France 3 times. (been - past participle from the verb to
Hes left work already. (left - past participle from the verb to leave)
Look! Someones drawn on our wall! (drawn - past participle from the
verb to draw)
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For the negative not is added after
have/has:...................................................................................................
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We havent done it yet. (done - past participle from the verb - to do
He hasn't ever been to Peru.
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Para formar a negativa, not adicionado a have/has. As formas
reduzidas haven't e hasn't so mais
comuns:.....................................................................................................
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We haven't done it yet. (done - past participle from the verb - to do

1) They seem to be very happy together. How long have they

been (they/be) married?
2) I'm afraid they haven't finished (they/finish) the work yet, but they
promise it'll be ready tomorrow.
3) Florida is fantastic. I have been (I/be) there three times.
4) Bill loves his job. He has worked (He/work) in the same company for
twenty years.
5) What have he done (he/do) to his hair? It looks awful!
6) she has written (she/write) three novels and they've all been best
sellers.
7) I'm looking for Andrew. Do you know where have he gonna (he/go)?
8) Where have you put (you/put) the umbrella? I can't find it anywhere.
9) I don't know if Mary is coming or not because she has not rang (she/ring)
to confirm.
10) have they leaved (they/leave) any biscuits for us?
The correct sequence of words is:
have they been
they haven't finished/ they've not finished|they have not finished
I've been/ I have been
He's worked/ He has worked
has he done

She's written/ She has written

he has gone / he's gone
have you put
she hasn't rung / she's not rung / she has not rung
Have they left