3/14/2008

Aims of Lecture 2.
1. Terminology for Leveling.

Surveying
Lecture 2

2. Rise & Fall - booking & examples

3. Survey Control

Lecturer: Mark Saggers

Definition of Leveling

Terminology for Leveling

DEFINITIONS:

Levelling

is the determination of the

relative altitudes of points on the
earth
earths
s surface.
surface

Level

Line
Horizontal Line
Level Datum
Bench Mark (B.M.)
Standard Survey Mark (S.S.M.)

Terminology for Leveling

DEFINITIONS:

Rise & Fall booking

Open

Level Traverse
Level Traverse

Closed
Reduced

Level (R.L.)
Backsight
Foresight
Line of Collimation
Change Point

Start / end same

Start
St t / end
d different
diff
t

3/14/2008

Question 1

Closed Level Traverse

B.S

The

next page is an example of a

Closed Level Traverse with a
different start and closing point.

NOTE:

both RLs must be known

F.S

1.73

RISE

FALL

R.L.
100.00

Remarks

B.M. 11

1.20

1.25

S.W. corner

1.26

0.26

Drain Level

0.25

1.81

N E corner
N.E.

2.98

1.68

Drain Level

1.23

0.98

Left hand Path

0.50

B.M. 5

known RL = 102.17

Answer Question 1
B.S

FALL

Checks

F.S

RISE

1.20

1.25

0.48

1.26

0.26

0.94

0 25
0.25

1 81
1.81

0 55
0.55

100 87 N.E.
100.87
N E corner

2.98

1.68

1.43

99.44 Drain Level

1.23

0.98

2.00

101.44 Left hand Path

0.50

0.73

102.17 B.M. 5

1.73

8.65

R.L.

Remarks

100.00 B.M. 11

6.48

4.15

100.48 S.W. corner

1) Sum of Backsights subtract Sum of the

Foresights ; 8.65 6.48 = 2.17

101.42 Drain Level

known RL = 102.17

2) Sum of the Rises subtract the Sum of

the Falls ; 4.15 1.98 = 2.17
3) Last RL First RL ;
102.17 100.00 = 2.17

1.98

Other Examples
See

last pages of this Power Point

presentation

SURVEY CONTROL
Safety
Location
Type
Permanent

3/14/2008

Question 2.

Extra example of level traverses

B.S

F.S

RISE

FALL

1.732

B.S

F.S

RISE

FALL

R.L.
18.232

0.632

S.W. corner

0.362

1.236

Drain Level

1 230
1.230

2 031
2.031

BM 6
B.M.

2.002

1.203

Peg No 16.

0.365

0.659

N.E. corner

1.630

0.578

Drain Level

1.230

Left Path (20.345)

CHECKS
Remarks

B.M. 11

2.365

0.632

1.100

19.332

S.W. corner

0.362

1.236

1.129

20.461

Drain Level

1 230
1.230

2 031
2.031

2.002

1.203

0.027

0.365

0.659

1.343

1.630

0.578
1.230

1 669
1.669

0.213
0.400

Remarks
B.M. 11

2.365

Answers Question 2.
1.732

R.L.
18.232

18 792
18.792

BM 6
B.M.

18.819

Peg No 16.

20.162

N.E. corner

19.949

Drain Level

20.349

Left Path (20.345)

1) Sum of Backsights subtract Sum of

the Foresights ;
9.686 7.569 = 2.117
2)) Sum of the Rises subtract the Sum of
the Falls ; 3.999 1.882 = 2.117
3) Last RL First RL ;
20.349 18.232 = 2.117
NOTE: misclose 0.004

9.686 7.569 3.999 1.882

Question 3.
B.S

F.S

1.722

RISE

FALL

R.L.

Answers to Question 3.
Remarks

198.232 B.M. 11

B.S

F.S

1.722

RISE

FALL

R.L.

Remarks

198.232 B.M. 11

3.445

0.766

S.W. corner

3.445

0.766

S.W. corner

0.333

1.255

Point A

0.333

1.255

Point A

2 560
2.560

1 203
1.203

Point B

2 560
2.560

1 203
1.203

Point B

2.310

1.659

Point C

2.310

1.659

Point C

3.365

0.544

Point D

3.365

0.544

Point D

0.280

2.112

Drain Level

0.280

2.112

Drain Level

1.253

B.M. 8 (203.185)

1.253

202.549 B.M. 8 (202.551)

3/14/2008

Question 4.
B.S

F.S

1.777

RISE

FALL

R.L.
18.232

Answers to Question 4.
Remarks

B.S

B.M. 11

1.777

F.S

RISE

FALL

R.L.
18.232

Remarks
B.M. 11

3.365

0.732

Point K

3.365

0.732

Point K

0.333

1.255

Drain Level

0.333

1.255

Drain Level

1 560
1.560

2 031
2.031

Point H

1 560
1.560

2 031
2.031

Point H

2.112

1.203

Point A.

2.112

1.203

Point A.

3.365

0.659

N.E. corner

3.365

0.659

N.E. corner

0.210

0.578

Point Y

0.210

0.578

Point Y

2.222

B.M. 3 (22.275)

2.222

22.274 B.M. 3 (22.275)