Presentation to

IOSH Food and Drink Group

Danny McDougall Richard Perkin

Who Are We?

Established 1970
Turnover 30m
260 employees

Basic Refrigeration Cycle 4 Main Components

Compressor

Condenser

Evaporator

Metering Device

Basic Refrigeration Cycle Vapour Compression

Basic Refrigeration Direct Expansion (DX)

Direct Expansion
(DX)
HC & HFCs

Small / Medium
Chillers

Small / Medium
Chill Stores

Small to Medium
Cold Stores

Basic Refrigeration Flooded / Gravity Feed

Gravity Feed
(Flooded)
CO2 & NH3

Cascade Plant
Condenser /
Evaporators

Medium Large
Water Chillers

Spiral Freezers

Basic Refrigeration Low Pressure Receiver

Low Pressure
Receiver LPR
NH3 & HFCs

Medium / Large
Spiral / Tunnel
Freezing
Chilling

Small / Large
Plate HX
HT/LT Applications

Medium / Large
Chill and Cold
Storage

Basic Refrigeration 2Stage Pump Circulation

2Stage Pump
Circulation
NH3 and CO2

Large Processing
Factories
All cooling

Large Chill &

Cold Storage

Large Spiral / Blast

Chilling &
Freezing

Basic Refrigeration System Type Summary

Basic Refrigeration Ammonia vs R22

Ammonia
(NH3)
Natural

R22
Man Made

Pure

Pure

Toxic

Non-Toxic

Flammable
ODP=0
ODP=0

Non-Flammable
ODP=0.055
ODP=1700

Advances in Ammonia Refrigeration

10

Installations

PAST
Cold stores

and...

Freezers

Food processing

Breweries

Chemical and
Pharmaceutical
production

Dairies
Ice production
Distinct Ammonia smell

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PRESENT

Building services
No smell of Ammonia

Oil drums

No oil drums

Water drums

No water drums

Reasons for Wider Use

More reliable
components
EFFICIENT
Advances
in plant
control
SAFE
Better safety
systems
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Improved
system design

Legislation for
Ammonia
systems and
plant rooms

Components
Reciprocating

Screw

Variable Speed Drives

Hand Regulated or
Thermostatic Valves
Open Drive Pumps
Shell and Tube HX
Oil Separators
and Coalescers
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Electronic Expansion Valves

Semi-Hermetic Pumps
Plate HX
Adiabatic Condensers

Valves

System Design and Construction

Large System Charge
Flanged Pipes
and Fittings
Internal (Roof Void)
Valve Stations
Leaky
Water/Glycol
Secondary System

14

Reduced (Critical) Charge

Welded Pipes
and Fittings
External (Rooftop)
Valve Stations
Leak Tight
Volatile Secondary
System e.g CO2

Plant Management
Frequent Manual
Oil Draining

15

High Efficiency Oil

Separation and
Automatic Recovery

Mechanical/Manual
Plant Control

Automatic PLC
Plant Control

Fixed Speed
Pumps & Fans

Variable Speed
Pumps & Fans

Fixed Head Pressure

Floating Head Pressure

Manual Air Purging

Automatic Air Purging

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