epublican era[edit]

Architecture of the 18th and 19th centuries, Plaza de Armas

The National University of Trujillowas the first republican university founded in Peru [33]

The Provisional Regulations given by General San Martn in 1821 created the Department
of Trujillo, based on colonial administration. This status was acknowledged in the
first Constitution of Peru in 1823. Because of its size and economic wealth, the Department
of Trujillo between 1821 and 1825 was the only stable and productive area that could
organize and lead the nascent republic. The department encompassed nearly half the
country. For the efforts of its people in the war of emancipation, San Martn gave it the title
of "Meritorious City Loyal to the Homeland". The municipality of the city, then called
a cabildo, was given the rank of "honorable".
In 1823, after the creation of the Republic of Peru, the protectorate of Jos de San Martn
was developed. Before royal troops took the city of Lima, the first President of Peru,
Don Jos de la Riva Agero, together with Snchez Carrin, named Trujillo as provisional
capital of the country, which survived for a short period.
In 1824 the city received the liberation army of Simn Bolvar. Taking over the government
of the country, he established a temporary government of the country in Trujillo, on March
8, 1824.
In 1821 the Court of Appeals was created to replace the Royal Court. Its jurisdiction
extended over the present departments of Cajamarca, Piura, Lambayeque, Amazonas
(then known as the Chachapoyas), and Huamachuco (then known as Snchez Carrin).
On March 26, 1824 Simn Bolvar established Trujillo's first Superior Court of Justice as the
Northern Superior Court. It had been the first high court established in the Republic of Peru
with the powers of the Supreme Court.
19th century[edit]

By the end of 19th century the five entrances had disappeared from the city, so it was that
during this time the Wall of Trujillo was torn down and allowed the growth of the city. This
urban expansion allowed the establishment of the neighborhoods of Chicago, La Unin and
Pedro Muiz. During the administration of Don Vctor Larco Herrera as mayor, the city
began upgrading works such as the construction of City Hall, the arrangement and
embellishment of the Plaza de Armas and the atrium of the Cathedral. It also built the road
to the resort of Buenos Aires, which expanded the city urban planning perspective. Another
project was the renovation of the Municipal Theater.
20th century[edit]

Gamarra Street, in the city center

In July 1932, Trujillo was once again at the centre of one of the most important episodes in
the history of the Republic of Peru, the Trujillo Revolution of 1932, which cost the lives of
many citizens. Although this year came to be known as the "year of barbarism", it would
also mark the political identity of the city during the second half of the 20th century.
The latter half of the 20th century saw the expansion of the city due to a combination of
rural-to-urban migration and the consolidation of surrounding districts into the Trujillo
metropolitan area.
From 1980 Trujillo took on the aspect and behavior of a particularly dynamic metropolitan
area, by which time the growth of the city and adjoining districts had produced a single
metropolitan area, so in the 1980s the nascent Trujillo metropolitan area consisted of the
integrated urban districts of Trujillo, El Porvenir and Florencia de Mora, with Vctor Larco
Herrera and La Esperanza remaining discontinuous districts. In 1981 the city had 403,337
inhabitants. Also in the 1980s the Trujillo Industrial Park project was begun, located on the
north side of the city, in the present La Esperanza district.
With the advent of the 1990s, the city of Trujillo was unified with the districts of La
Esperanza and Victor Larco Herrera and the spread of the city resulted in the districts
of Moche, Trujillo, Salaverry, and Laredo becoming part of the metropolitan area. In the first
half of the 1990s, after the emergence of the El Milagro area in Huanchaco, it was joined to
La Esperanza district, and increasing interdependence with the districts of Moche and

Laredo, which was cemented Trujillo as a new metropolis of Peru, then with a population of
589,314 inhabitants.
21st century[edit]
Modernization of the city[edit]
With the experience of the last two decades of the 20th century, when the city experienced
an excessive disordered growth while increasing the costs for providing basic services to
the population, the Provincial Municipality of Trujillo created the Trujillo Metropolitan
Development Plan 2010, known as "Plandemetru", which was approved by city ordinance
on November 30, 1995. Through this was planned the growth and development of the city
up to 2010; later the lines of development of the metropolis were governed by the
"Strategic Plan for Integral Development and Sustainable Trujillo till 2015" containing
general guidelines for the development of the city by 2015.

Panoramic view of Trujillo, at left the headquarters of the Public Ministry

Sustainable and smart city[edit]

In November 2010, Trujillo was the first city in Latin America and the Caribbean to be
chosen by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) to develop the pilot "Sustainable
City" project as part of the platform "Emerging and Sustainable Cities of the Inter-American
Development Bank".[19] This project includes a plan of action on climate change, which will
be held on emissions limits in Trujillo, and will review the list of investment projects with
respect to climate sustainability. According to IDB representative Fidel Jaramillo, Trujillo
was chosen as the first driver of progress in Latin America to develop a new initiative.
Trujillo's plan is to conceive from other perspectives such as fiscal and financial
sustainability, which is basic, but also from environmental sustainability and quality of life.
The IDB is developing relevant projects in coordination with the Provincial Municipality of
Trujillo.[34][35] In 2012 Trujillo began to develop, with the support of American technology
corporation IBM, the "Smart City" project, which will try to focus technologically on the two
problems of public safety and transportation.[20][21]

View from the air of the merging of Trujillo and Vctor Larco districts

Geography[edit]

Location[edit]
Trujillo is located at an altitude of 34 metres (112 feet) on a coastal strip in the west of the
province of Trujillo, in the old valley of Chimor today known as the Moche or Santa Catalina
Valley. Its main square is located at 863S 79134W longitude at an altitude of 31.16
metres (102.23 feet) above sea level and lies 4.40 kilometres (2.73 miles) inland from
the Pacific Ocean, in a straight line along Avenido Larco.[36]

Climate[edit]
This city has a mild desert climate (BWh or BWn, according to the Kppen climate
classification) and it is known as La Ciudad de la Eterna Primavera (city of everlasting
spring) because of its sunny and pleasant weather year-round. The International Spring
Festival in early October attracts visitors from all over Peru and the world. The city is in an
area of mild climate and low rainfall, with moderate temperatures ranging between 14 and
30 C (57 and 86 F) due to the Humboldt Current.[37] Trujillo has a warm climate during the
day and mild during the night due to the sea breeze. It has an average temperature of
18 C (64 F), and the extreme minimum and maximum temperatures fluctuate between 17
and 28 C (63 and 82 F) in winter and summer, respectively. Rains are light, sporadic and
occur during the afternoon or evening. The Andes and their foothills are very close to the
coast, and having a lower elevation relative to the mountains of central and southern Peru,
the flow of moist air from the Amazon region, which converges with the sea breezes from
the west, favors during the summer a higher frequency of light showers. According to the

climate classification of Thornthwaite, city of Trujillo would correspond to an arid climate

type with no rain during all seasons.[38]
The parts of the city closest to the sea experience haze during the morning and usually the
temperature is lower than in the central and upper parts of the city. However, during the
phenomenon of El Nio the climate varies, mainly the rainfall, with less intensity than in
regions located north of the city, and the temperature can also be lifted.

[hide]Climate data for Trujillo

Month

Average high C (F)

Daily mean C (F)

Average low C (F)

Average precipitation mm (inches)

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

25.1

25.8

25.8

24.4

23.2

20.7

20.8

(77.2)

(78.4)

(78.4)

(75.9)

(73.8)

(69.3)

(69.4)

(6

21.0

21.9

21.8

20.6

19.4

17.7

17.3

(69.8)

(71.4)

(71.2)

(69.1)

(66.9)

(63.9)

(63.1)

(6

17.0

18.0

17.9

16.8

15.6

14.7

13.9

(62.6)

(64.4)

(64.2)

(62.2)

(60.1)

(58.5)

(57)

(0.04)

(0.04)

(0.04)

(0)

(0)

(0)

(0)

Source: Climate-data.org[39]

Hydrography[edit]
Trujillo is crossed by the Moche River that passes to the south of the city; its waters have
been used since ancient times by the Moche and Chimu who inhabited this area, who took
its waters to irrigate their fields; today the river is part of the countryside of Moche and its
waters continue to be used for irrigation. The river empties into the Pacific Oceanright on
the boundary between the districts of Moche and Vctor Larco Herrera.

Physiography[edit]
Trujillo is set on a coastal plain of the La Libertad Region and has a gentle
topography[40] with hilly terrain, sitting on a plateau of the Trujillo Province. The low-lying

areas of the city are very close to the Pacific Ocean and the higher elevations are close to
the Andean foothills.

Demographics[edit]

2007 census[edit]
About the spatial distribution of the population of the city and the urban continuum of Trujillo
in 2007, there are two positions:
According to the report "Sociodemographic Profile" issued by the INEI In 2007, the city had
a population of up to 682,834 people, with an annual average growth rate of 2.1%;
[41]
According to the report "Peru: Recent Internal Migration and Cities System 2001 2007",
in 2007 the figure was 709,566 inhabitants.
Moreover, considering the studies of urban development of the "PLANDET", the city is
formed by the five districts that make up the conurbation of the districts of Trujillo, La
Esperanza, El Porvenir, Florencia de Mora and Victor Larco Herrera in addition these also
the minor municipality called "El Milagro" in the jurisdiction of Huanchaco district, which
make up the urban continuum of Trujillo city; and the urban area known as "Trujillo
Metropolitano" comprises the urban continuum and the urban and rural towns of the
districts of the metropolitan area including such as are Huanchaco, Laredo, Moche and
Salaverry.[42]
In recent decades, urban growth is largely due to Trujillo population increase of migrant
origin, the main contributors of population (1993 census), the interior provinces of La
Libertad as Otuzco (15.8%), Santiago de Chuco (9.3%), Ascope (9%) and Snchez Carrin
(5.2%), while 16% contributed Cajamarca and Ancash with 5%;[43]

In the following table is shown the population of Trujillo Metropolitan distributed by

districts: