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JbEIhA
Mp
)KeJLKO
Kanyheposah
<DHJI030tPCKH tPaKyJITeT
HOBH
Can
UDK: 14(38)
Ilperxonao CaOITIlITeJ-be
TIpHMJbeH: 29. VI 2007.
BIBLID: 0553-4569, 53 (2007),9-10, P 778-789
AHAKCHMEHOB AER
Pe3UMe
Aymop y mercmy ymephyje dse epyne pasnoea xojuua ce pyxoeoouo A HaKCUMeH
npWluKoM ooaiiupa easoyxa ao apuxea ceeza. Jeoua epyna UMa suancmeeno nopeKJlO, dOKY opyey epyny cnaoajy uatee peibnermoeanu uomueu KOjU cy U3PaTbaJIU U3
omumez dyXOSHOZ autiujeuma y ojeu cy AHaKcUMeH U opyza oeojuua Munehaua JlCUSeJlU. Hacynpom uecmou cmaey 0 peepecy AHaKcUMeHay OdHOCy ua Auaxcuuauopa
aoa je pes 0 nocmynupatey aepa xao nasena, aymop je na cmauoeuuony oa cmaeoeu
nocneoteez Munehauuua npeocmaen.ajy MucaOHUnpoepec y OdllOCY na teeeoee npemxoouuxe. Apeyueumu sa osy meponsy npouanase ce uajnpe y fbeZOSOM cmuny nucau.a
- np03HOM, KOjU yxasyje ua AHaKcUMeHos OmKJIOH oo uumcse nosaouue U nputinuocaeatee palfUOHaJlHOM oucxypcy; opyeo, AHaKcUMeH je npetpopuynucao npeotiumuu KOHmexcm peuu aep y teezoeo oanauoee snasetee ueeuonsuee meapu xoja Hac ospyxcyje.
pasyueetuu smdyx sao "HeUlmo ", a He "HuUlma" U nocmaen.ajyhu ea ao uaueno;
OH je y'lUHUO xopa nanpeo U xaoa je npelfU3upafbe diunosotpcxe mepuuuonoeuje y
numansy, oucmuueeupajyhu 6uscm6o U ceojcmea; ca Anaxcuueuou. KOHa'lHO, O'lU2Jleone pasnuxe y epcmu WlU eanumemy cy no npeu nym ceeoeue ua 30jedHU'lKO nopexno
y Pa3JlUlfU eaumumema. Oeoue mpe6a oooamu yeohetee CUHmaZMe seyuoeaean.e U
paspehueaiee KOjOM je nokytuao otijacnumu nacmajaiee U npouetty, OdHOCHO OSUAt
nojMo6HUM napou AHaKcUMeH je aumuuunupao npouanancen,e U360pa xpematea WlU
uayca erjJrjJulfueHca.
My'lile pe'lu: AHaKcUMeH, aep, naueno,
Y3POK, seyuoeaeatee, paspehueanse
Ha
npsn
xopax
yaasaa
sana
778
nosuary H3 CBaKO)],HeBHOr MCKycTBa, KaO liITOje Ba3)],yX (arf)(2). )];a rrpsn rrorrren lJeCTO
yMe )],a aapa, Te )],a AHaKCMMeHOB M360p apuxea, HarrpOTHB, rrpencrasn,a aarrpenax y
O)],HOCY rra AHaKCHMaH)],pOBO "HeOrpaHHlJeHO" HalJeJIO, resa je xoja he 6MTH 06pa3ITo)J(eHa M6paT-heHa y nacranxy OBOr pana.'
Pa3IT03H KojHMa ce pyKOBO)],HO AHaKCHMeH rrpHITHKOM onatinpa sasnyxa KaO
nanena, MOry 6MTH pa3BpCTaHH y nse rpyrre:
1. Jeznty rpyrry lJHHe Pa3IT03H sa xoje ce MO)J(e pehu )],a MMajy 3HaHCTBeHO nopexno,
nourro npertcraan.ajy KOM6MHau,Mjy sanaxan,a, HCKycTBa M pau,HOHaITHOr rrpoMHllIJbalba. OBH Pa3IT03H cy, xacnaje, 6HITH je)],HHH KOjM cy 036HJbHO Y3HMaHH y
pasaarpan,e 0)], crpane MCTOpMlJapa <pHIT030qlHje.
2. )];pyry rpyrry lJHHe Pa3JI03M KOjH cy 6MJIM npoasson He)],OBOJbHO pedinexroaanor
npensnreean,a xoje je AHaKcHMeH fianrranno H3 rrorrrena aa CBeT caora spevena,
na JIH je
779
a.) JJ:a OHH H.n:eHTII!pHKyjy nonnexehy rsap cajennaa on TpH errexreara (nona, sasnyx
H sarpa), IWH ca He"IHM "H3Mefjy" IhHX.
6.) OHH CBe OCTane CTBapH naaone H3 OBe jemre nonnescehe TBapH arynnsaaarsea H
paapehaearsev.
CrreQH!pHqHO sa zrpyry rpyrry !pHJI030!pa xojy cnovaa,e CTampaHHH je CJIe.n:ene:
a.) OHH ormcyjy OHO lliTO nonnezce xao neurro aeonpeheno y qeMy cy CBe onpehene
CTBapH rroreanajanno npncyrne.
6.) CBe OCTane CTBapH rracrajy rtocrynxov H3.n:BajaIha H3 OBe HeH3.n:H!pepeHQHpaHe
MelliaBHHe. Y npyroj rpyrm ce nanase KacHIIjII rrpeCOKpaTOBQII EMrre.n:OKJIe II AHaxcaropa, KOjII cy rrocrynnparnt same yspoxa, arm II AHaKCHMaH.n:ap, sa xora ce
CMaTpa ztaje ApIICTOTen 6HO y .n:IIneMH KaKO ztara oxapaxrepaure.
Kaztaje pe-r0 rrpaoj rpyrrn ApIICTOTeJI .n:HpeKTHO HIIje cnosrenyo HHje.n:HO jezmno
lIMe. CeM rese zra OHO lliTOje "rylline on narpe a pelie on sasztyxa" npencraan,a, MO)K.rJ:a,
CTaHOBHlliTe AHaKCIIMaH.n:pa, nocrojn II .n:pyraYJ:HjII IIHTeprrpeTaQIIjcKH rrpncryn, KOjII
rspnazra rrOMeHYTH CTaB norn-re H3 aexor .n:OQHIIjer nepnona.jep OH, y II3BeCHOM CMHCJIy,
nocpenyie H3Mefjy XepaKJIIITa II AHaKCIIMeHa, Taneca H AHaKCIIMeHa IIJIH XepaKJIIITa II
Taneca, OBaKBO MHlliJbeIhe BO.n:II .n:o 'rspmse na aeposatse y "rrocpe.n:Hy" 'rsap nparrana
HeKOM snany AHaKCIIMeHOBe urxone, Moryne HeKOM o.n: rrOCJIe.n:IhIIX CJIe.n:6eHIIKa, KOjII
je IIMao BeJIIIKOr YTHQaja y rrOTOIhIIM BpeMeHHMa. Ho aKO ce, xana je y mrrarsy "HelliTO
H3Mefjy", H MO)f{e 6HTII y He.n:0YMHQII aa xora je ApHCTOTeJI MHCJIHO, xana ce crrouene
nona (Tanec) H sarpa (XepaKJIHT), MHOro je II3BecHHje 0 KOMe ce paan. Heua MHoro
zraneue HH xana ce nasene rpeha eJIeMeHT - saanyx, Pe-r je, napasno, 0 AHaKCIIMeHY.
To CTarHpaHHH, na npyroa Mecry, eKCrrJIIIQIITHO H K~e (Mem.984a5-7):
ApllCTOTeJI, Memar/JU3UKa (npea, T. JIa):\aH), JIll6ep, 3arpe6 1985, CTp. II, nap. 984a5-7. OBO je jeznro
0):\ YKYnHo rpa MeCTa y ApllCTOTeJIOBOM xopnycy na KojllMa ce nOMllH.e Aaaxcmrenoao HMe. IloTOH,a
Tpa):\HllHja crora, ):\OCTa 3aBHCH 0):\ Teodipacra xojtt je, npeua .ll:. Jlaeprnjy (B, 42), rranncao nocefiny
MOHorpaljJlljy 0 nOCJIe):\H.eM Mnnehamnty. Kparxa uepanja Teodipacronor npnxaaa canyaanaje nocpertCTBOM CHMnJIHKHja (17xyc.24,26; .ll:K13A5). .ll:HoreH ll3 AnOJIOHHje je 6HO eKJIeKTI1'1ap H3 V B. n. H.
e. KO):\ xora je BH):\JbHB yrnuaj EMne):\OKJIa, Anaxcarope, JIeYKHna, xao H AHaKcHMeHa. 0):\ casyaanax
necer ljJparMeHaTa ca 03HaKOM E, sa pasyacaan,e rserose 4JHJI030ljJllje '1HHe ce Haj3aHHMJbHBHjH OHH
non fipojesnva 4 H5 (.ll:K64E4 H.ll:K64E5).
780
MHaaae rYCTOne H perxohe (rruxvon'(rt xa] p,aVOT'YjT/) O,n:HOCH na 'IHTaBy npsy rpyny
"qm:CH'Iapa", a He HCKJby'IHBO na AHaKCHMeHa,6
)1HJIC (X. )1HeJIC) je noxyurao CTBap H3ma,n:HTH npennaxyha na ce pen p,ovou
("je,n:HHO", "caMO") H3CHMnJIHKHjeBor aasona 'IHTa xao na ce XTeJIO pehn na je AHaKCHMeH, y CTBapH, rreWTOU ("npBH") KOjH je HMnJIeMeHTHpao osaxsy TeopHjy.
CHMnJIHKHje je, unax, ira HaBe,n:eHOM Mecry 6HO ,n:OBOJbHO npenasan, rra je
TemKO y a.eros TeKCT y'IHTaBaTH HemTO mTO He onrosapa HH zryxy HH CJIOBy narnrcanor (,LJ;K13A5):
pox.
KCUMeU0601paspjehuean.e U 3ZYLUlba6aTM,
Mozena 6H ce Teorppacroaa rapzm,a Morna carneziarn H H3 cnenehe nepcnexTHBe: ITpHpO,n:HH npOQeCH nonyr aacrajaa.a xmne H3 06JIaKa, ncrtapaaarse, npoveaa
arperanmx cran,a sozre, H CJIH'IHa npyra ,,3rymaaBaaa H paspehasaa.a'' rrposreae
cy xoje cy, 6e3 cysm,e, 6HJIe npHXBaTJbHBe sa nehnay npecoxparosana. Ho OHO mTO
rpefia HamaCHTH, H mTO je BepOBaTHO 6HJIa TeOcPpaCTOBa naxrepa,je na HXje jezmno
AHaKCHMeH ofijaum.asao y TepMHHHMa KOjH rperapajy pmJIH'IHry ryCTHHy jenne TBapn, jep cy jennao aa a.era ryCTO H peTKO 6HJIH cymTHHcKH eJIeMeHTH iseroee ,n:OKTpHHe. Taxo ,n:a je, caCBHM BepOBaTHO, TeOcPpaCT onaj KOjH je, y cnysajy OBe ,n:HMeH3Hje
AHaKCHMeHOBe cPHJI030cPHje, 6HO 6JIH)l(e HCTHHH KaKO y O,n:HOCy na ApHCTOTeJIa TaKO
H y O,n:HOCy na CHMnJIHKHja. CaM CHMnJIHKHje na cneneha Ha'IHH H3JImKe cpac AHaKCHMeHOBe cPHJI030cPHje (,LJ;K13A5, JIxyc.24,26;):
Munehauun, Eypucmpamoe
(cuu), npujamens Anaxcuuauopoe, mepou
ao U on oa je npupooa xoja JleJICU y
OCU06U (xynotceuuenon} jeoua u tiecxouauua, anu ue (mepou) ao ouaj oa je
neoopeheua, eeh oopeheua. uasueajyhu je
AuaKCUMeu
M/A,yj(J'IO~,
.Ava~/p,avJeou, p,[av
.A Jd EUeU(J"'reaTou
'Ye'Yovw~
ETaIeO~
p,dv xa]
aUTo~ TnV urrox8lp,ev'Yjv rpu(J'/v xal am/eov
rp'Yj(J'/V w(J'me exei'vo~, oux aOe/(J'TOV Jd
w(J'me exelvo~, aMa we/(J'p,ev'Yjv, aeea
Ae'Y())V aUTr;v'
3paKoM. 8
6
Taxo Oil;HCTa H nmne KOil; ApHCTOTeJIa: "CBe OCTaJIO npoassone aa oCHOBy rycmae H perxohe H TaKO
nonase no MHoillTBa" (TaMa rfWWIT/ 1rUXVOTr;TI xat' p,avOTr;T/ 1rOMa. 1rOIOUVTf,). ApHCTOTeJT, cPu3uKa (rrpes.
C. Y. Bnarojesah), IIAM,l.J;EI1A, Beorpan 2006, CTp. 18, nap. 187aI5-16. Hepmrc (H. Chemiss) je
KOHCTaTOBao KaKO je ApHCTOTeJT osne, y navepa na npnnarona CTaBOBe paHHX l}lHJT03ol}la npnpone
corrCTBeHOM CTaHOBHillTY, nao npeaanre nojennocraarscay KJIacHl}lHKaU;Hjy. H. Chemiss, Aristotle s
Criticism ofPresocratic Philosophy, New York 1964, p. 49 i d., p. 55.
X. ,l.J;HJIC, Ilpeocospamoeuu tPpai'MeHmU I (npes. ,l.J;. CaJIOrreK), Hanpnjen, 3arpe6 1983. CTp. 87, nap.
A5. HeM H3il;. H. Diels, W. Kranz, Die Fragmenteder Vorsokratiker I, Weidmann 1985, s. 91, A5.
MCTO. CHHTarMa U1rOxf/p,evr;v 'PUIT/v, MOlKe ce npesecrn ca "rroiJ;JIelKelia npnpona", npesma HH noayheua
npeson, .mpnpona xoja JIelKH y OCHOBH", HaKO ormcan, nnje nera-tan. OBOM l}lparMeHTY CJIH'IH H
781
782
rrpeofipaha y BII)J;JbHBY rrapy, a rrOTOM ce ry6II y HeBII)l)bIIBOM sasnyxy. Ha jennoj crpaHII oaaj TOK BpxyHII ca 3eMJbOM II KaMeJbeM, a aa npyroj ca BaTpOM.
KOHa'IHO, eBO H pasnora 360r KOjIIX ce MO)f(e CMaTpaTH na AHaKCIIMeHOBa
nocrnrnyha rrpencrasrsajy MHcaOHII nanpenax y O)),HOCy aa pan JberOBIIX jOHCKIIX
IIpeTxo)),HHKa:
1. Ilonarax na HeKO rmure y nposn, IIaKO nansrnen HH<j:>opMaI.J.IIja cnorsannser xapaxrepa, HHje 6IIna cavo 'IIIJbeHHI.J.a xoja je YKa3IIBana na He'IHjII CTHn nspa)f(aBaJba. OHa je, nororoso, y )),06a pahan,a <j:>Hn030<j:>IIje IIMana H jezmy )),y6Jby
)),HMeH3Hjy, HaIIMe YKa3IIBana je na OTKnOH 0)), MHTCKe nosannne H na rrpnfinaxcasan.e paI.J.HOHanHOM )),HCKYPCy. Y TOM cMHcny rpeoa II pehn na sa pa3nHKY
0)), AHaKCHMaH)),pOBor amue "rreCHH'IKOr Ha'IHHa rmcarsa" ():(K12A9), nynor
"rrnanaJbaKa3HH", "O)),lllTeTa" H "HerrpaB)),H", AHaKCHMeH mnne ,J e)),HOCTaBHHM
H HeH3BelllTa'IeHHM jOHCKHM )),IIjaneKTOM" ():(JI,II,3).
2. Y TO apeve pes !uf;e yofin-tajeno je osnaaasarra snary, rrapy, Mamy, raCOBHTO crarse
yonurre Hmi 'IaK rasry - neurro lllTO orexaaa BIIfjeJbe H rrpHKpfIBa CTBapH xoje
oxpyxyje (XOMep, Hnujaoa, XVII, 647, 649).11 Ca AHaKcHMeHoM aep )),06Hja CMHcao KOjH nanac rtpencrasrsa jenmro 3Ha'IeJbe pe-ra "Ba3)l,yX", )),aKne, HeBH)),JbHBa
rsap xoja Hac oxpyzcyje. To ce eKCrmHI.J.HTHO H MO)f(e nponaha y Xanomrroaou
<j:>parMeHTy ():(K13A7.2), me ce )),ocnOBHO KIDKe)),a Ba3)),YX "Ka)l,je, 3aHCTa, najjenHonwlHHjH BH)),y je caxpnsea", HnH, nocpezmo, xana ce, aeurro narse, BeTpOBH
)),e<j:>HHHlllY xao "Ba3)l,yX KOjH ce 3ryCHyO" ():(K13A7.3). Tpe6ano je )),OCTa KypIDKH
na ce, nacynpor Tpa)l,HI.J.HjH, npediopvynanre rrpB06HTHH CMHcao pe'III aep, H jour
snure yMHor uanopa na ce OBaKO nporyvasen "Ba3)l,yX" aajnpe pasysre xao "HelllTO"(a He HHWTa, npanmna) HJIH "TBap", a onjrax IIOTOM H nOCTaBH xao HaqeJIO rj.
MaTepHjanHH Y3POK, ApHCTOTenOBHM je3HKoM peseuo.
3. AHaKcHMeH je y'IIIHHO xopax nanpenHxanaje <pHn03o<j:>cKa repvnsonoraja y rnrrarsy,
Kao lllTO ce MO)f(e Y0'IHTH H3, I.J.HTHpaHor, CHMIIJIHKHjeBor <pparMeHTa (.LJ:K13A5),
AHaKCHMeHOB aep je H aneupou, cano lllTO ce KO)), AHaKcHMeHa aneupou rpernpa
xao CBOjCTBO OCHOBHor 6HBCTBa, a He, xao lllTOje TO cnysai KO)), AHaKCHMaH)),Pa, KaO
caxto 6HBCTBO. 3a AHaKCHMeHa je, HapaBHO, sasnyx TO 6HBCTBO. Basnyx je neorpaHH'IeH, ann cano y KBaHTHTaTIIBHOM CMHCny. OH HHje neonpehen y KBanHTaTHBHOM
CMHCny. 11 aKO CBe OBO HHje ApHCTOTenOB HnH, MO)f()l,a, Teotppacros )),o)),aTaK OH)),a
TO, CBaKaKO, npencranrsa 3HaqajaH aanpenax,jep je AHaKCHMeH THMe yqHHHO xopax
6nH)f(e xa pa3nHKOBaJbY 6HBCTBa H CBojcTBa,12 KBanHTeTa H KBaHTHTeTa.
4. Ca AHaKcHMeHoM o-mrnezme paannxe y BpCTH HJIH xsanarery cy rro npan rryr
csenene na 3aje)),HH'IKO rrOpeKJIO y Pa3JIHI.J.II KBaHTIITeTa. 13
11 Hacynpor xojer jc crajao af~~e TO jeer erep, '1HCTH, ropn,n, CBeTJU! aasnyx, llITO ITOKa3yje na je erep
6HO CHM60n CBeTJIOCTM H senpane, rra Hupefinaannurre fiorona. H. G. Liddell, R. Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, Oxford 1903, p. 18, 19.
12 JlaTHHH311paHO peaeno, cyncraannje 11 aKl\I1)],eHl\l1je.
13 H QepHl1c CMaTpa na je AHaKCHMeH OBI1M Ha'll1HHO BalKaH uouax, Ma)],a nonaje na TO BO)],11 ,,)],l1peKTHO
)],0 3aKJbY'lKa 0 .p113I1KaJIHOM penaTI1BH3MY". H. Chemiss, Aristotle s Criticism of Presocratic Philosophy, New York 1964, p. 380.
783
784
OBa 3aMHcao ce sarme KO,n: CeMHTa H npyrnx napona, a KO,n: Fpxa je HaJIa3HMO KaKO
YHYTap TaKO H H3BaH ,,~apCTBa" tPHrr030<pCKor MHIIIJbelha.
Ilocrojn H cBe,n:OqaHCTBO, aa xoje ce H Jerep (W. Jaegep) OCBPHYO, na je AHaKCHMeH aanpasao ananornjy, a nOTOM H n.eroa cnenfemrx )];HoreH H3 Arronoanje,
H3Meljy nenosarsa sasnyxa y yHHBep3yMY xao ~eJTHHH H nenosan,a ,[(yIIIey nojennaasHOM sosexy. OBO ce MO)Ke HIIIqHTaTH H3 Aerajeaor tPparMeHTa, KOjH je 03HaqeH TaKO
xao na je y rnrrarsy ayTeHTHqHH AHaKCHMeHOB ~HTaT, Ma,n:a ce 0 TOMe sone OIIITpe
nOJTeMHKe y CTpyqHHM xpyrosmra CBe no nanac. EBO KaKO OH maca ():(K13E2, AeT.
H,3,4):
AHaKcUMeH, Eypucmpamoe (CUH), Munehauuu, usjaeuo je oa je spate noseno
tiuha. Jep U3 teeea cee uacmaje U y neea
ce onem pasnaotce. "Kao_Ulmo jg._HaUla
oVUla::', mepou, ,,3paK),(OpJICU_HaC_cKvna!..
maxo U oax (nHevMa) u 3paK o6vxeanajv
yujeJlu K03MOC." /A spas U nueyua cy
ynomp;je6IbeH-;;CUHOHUMHO/. 17
Flpernocrasxa 0 CpO,n:HOCTH H3Meijy ,[(yIIIe y qOBeKy H caenpoacoaajyher KOCMHqKOr 60)KaHCTBa HeMa MHOro sese HH ca HaCTaHKOM tPH3HOJTOIIIKHX (Bapner (1.
Bypnerj), a HH Me,n:H~HHCKHX (KHpK (I: C. Knrkj) nayxa. Onaje npe csera yreverseaa
na peJTHrHjcKHM OCHOBaMa, H TO He OHHM xoje ce noaanajy na aacnehe OJIHMnHjcKor
nanreona y Xovepa, Ben OHHM xoje npananajy peJTHrHjcKHM <pepMeHTHMa KOjH cy
a<pH~HpaJIH Pa3JIHqHTe cnojese CTaHOBHHIIITBa y VI sexy rr. H. e. H KOjH cy nann noncrpexa H CBeTOM necHHIIITBy 3HaHOM xao OP<PHqKO. 18 rJIaCHH~H rrocseheaa y HMe
Oprpeja cy y penarajcxoj c<pepH 6HJTH cyo-rena ca rrpotinexroa KOjH je y Pa3JTHqHTHM
06JIH~HMa 6HO H np06JIeM MHJIenaHa, aJIH H qHTaBe aHTHqKe <PHJT030<pMje, a TO je onHOC jennor H MHOIIITBa. To IIITO je AHaKcHMeHoBo HaqeJIO 6MJIO 60)KaHCKO H MCTOBpeMeHO qHHHJIO rsap HaIIIe nyme" rroxasyje na ce HH OH nnje 6HO rrornyno OCJI060,n:MO
X. )l;lInc, Tlpeocoxpamoeuu dipaeueumu I, (npes. )l;. Canonex), Hanpnjen, 3arpe6 1983, CT}). 91, nap.
1)2. IToAByKao )I{. K. HeM. 1I3A. H. Diels, W.Kranz, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker I, Weidmann 1985,
s. 95, B2. llonsyerene pe'lll cy najsenrhe npnxsaheae xao rta cy 1I3BOpHO AHaKCliMeHOBe. Ilaaac rrocroje
HajMalhe ABa cyrrporcranrseaa rafiopa xoja nove xonrsa OKO 1I3BOpHOCTlI oaor <pparMeHTa. Pesa OKO
'1l1je ayTeHTH'lHOCTlI ce najsemhe errope cy O"u?,xeaTei (,,AplKalhe 3ajeAHO"), xOO"/kO, ("peA", "CBeT") 1I
71VeU/ka ("Aax").
18 H3 oaor UITO je ca-rysano OA AHaKCIIMeHa, BIIAII ce na je a.erosa ocuoronaja 611na 3aCHOBaHa na
BII311jll KOCMoca xao orpouaor lKlIBor opraamaa KOjll name, re AaKJIe liMa 1I nyury. OBO roaopn Aaje
II nocnenu.a OA rpojaue n03Hal'IIX Mnnehana 6110 nOA yranajea aHIIMIICl'lI'1KIIX npencrasa, TO jeer
aHIIMIICTII'IKOr AOlKlIBJbaBalha upnpone (</',)0"1,).
19 BepOBaTHO aa AHaKCIIMeHa MlIcnll Apncroren 113pll'lynll <ppa3Y ,,11 HeKII npyrn" (xat' eTeeO( Tlve,) y
o oyutu 40Sa21-22, erroMlIlhynll )l;lIoreHa 113 Anononnje II roaopchn Aaje nyuia Ba3AYX. POC (W. D.
Ross) YCBOM KOMeHTapy osor MeCl'a, KalKe ztace OCIIM Anaxcaaeaa rrOMlIlhy jour n aueaa Anaxcarope,
Apxenaja 1I AHaKCIIMaHApa, xao II na je npesia ITnaTOHoBoM cPeooHy (96 64), OBO Cl'aHOBIIIllTe 611no
notipo n03HaTO 1I caMOM Coxpary, W. D. Ross, Aristotle DE ANIMA, Oxford 1999, p. 180.
17
785
786
LITERATURA
ApHcTOTen, (/JU3UKa, ITAI1,IJ;EI1A, Beorpan 2006.
Apacroren, Memaipusuxa, JIH6ep, 3arpe6 1988.
Apncroren, 0 OylUU. Haz080p ua rjJWl030rjJujy, Hanpajen 3arpe6 1987.
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787
ANAXIMAN'S AER
Summary
The author has stated two different groups of reasons that influenced Anaximan
when he had chosen air as archeo of everything. One group of reasons has a scientific
background and the other comprises less reflected motives that belonged to the common spiritual ambiance where Anaximan and his two Miletus colleagues had lived.
Contrary to the frequently taken attitude about Anaximan's regress towards Anaximandra when talking about aer as a principle, the author notes that the attitudes of the
last Miletus make progress in comparison with his predecessors. Firstly, the evidence
for this statement could be found in his writing style - fiction, that points out his retreat from mythological background and an approach to rational discourse. Secondly,
Anaximan changed the original context of the word aer into its current meaning of
invisible substance that surrounds us, defining the air as something rather than nothing
and stating it as a principle. He stepped forward while defining philosophical terminology, distinguishing notions of being and having. Obvious differences in the type and
quality are formulated through the background in distinctive quality. In addition, the
introduction of syntagm of suffocation and rarefied air that explained appearance and
change, thus, Anaximan anticipated the discovery of the source of movement or causa
efficiensa by this notion pair.
Key words: Anaximan, aer, principle, material cause, efficient cause, suffocation, rarefied air
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788
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789