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{
1.
f (x) =
x for x 0
x for x < 0
This function f (x) is an odd function, so all the an coecients are 0. We only need to
calculate bn :
2
f (x) sin nx dx =
( x) sin nx dx
0
(
)
2
2 1
1
= ( x) cos nx
cos nx dx
n
0 n
1
bn =
2
=
n
This means that the rst three nonzero terms of the Fourier series will be:
3
2
G(x) =
sin nx
n
n=1
{
2.
g(x) =
for 2 x 2
for all other x values
This function g(x) is an even function, so all the bn coecients are 0. We only need to
calculate an .
1
a0 =
2
1
g(x) dx =
2
/2
dx =
/2
/2
1
x
=
2
2
/2
1
an =
g(x) cos nx dx (for n > 0)
2
=
g(x) cos nx dx (since g(x) is even)
0
2 /2
cos nx dx
=
0
2
n
= sin
n
2
2
2
3
2
a0 =
a1 = 2
a2 = sin = 0
a3 = sin
=
2
2
3
2
3
This means that the rst three nonzero terms of the Fourier series will be:
G(x) =
+ 2 cos x cos 3x
2
3
(x) = 2 x2
3.
x
2
1
dx =
[
]
( 2
)
1 2
1 3
2
2
x dx =
x x
= 2
3
3
0
Next, we do the calculation for n > 0. We will exploit the fact that the function is an even
function and we will also use integration by parts.
)
)
1 ( 2
2 ( 2
2
an =
x cos nx dx =
x2 cos nx dx
0
) sin nx 2
2( 2
sin nx
=
x2
(2x)
dx
n 0 0
n
4
4
4
=
x sin nx dx = 2 x cos nx +
cos nx dx
n 0
n
n2 0
0
4
4
= 2 cos n = 2 (1)n
n
n
So, the rst nonzero terms, up to n = 3 are:
G(x) =
2 2
2 2
4
(1)n
4
cos
nx
=
+
4
cos
x
cos
2x
+
cos 3x
2
3
n
3
9
n=1
4.
(x) = sinh x
The quickest way to generate the answer is to make use of the following Fourier series from
the classnotes:
ex =
n
n=1
n
n=1
n
n=1
2 sinh 2n(1)n
sin nx
2+1
n
n=1
) 2 sinh
1( x
n(1)n
x
sinh x =
e e
=
sin nx
2
n2 + 1
n=1
Note that an = 0 for all n. This makes sense because the hyperbolic sine is an odd function.
n
sinh
bn = 2n(1)
.
(n2 +1)
5. For this next problem, take L = 1 so the Fourier series will have the form
a0 +
Find an and bn and express the Fourier series in summation notation for the following odd
function U (x). You may omit the plot of G(x) for problem 5.
{
U (x) =
x x2 for 0 x 1
x2 + x for 1 x 0
(x x2 ) sin nx dx
bn = 2
0
2
=
n
(1 2x) cos nx dx
1
4
= 2 2
sin nx dx
n 0
4
= 3 3 (1 (1)n )
n
U (x) =
4 (1 (1)n )
sin nx
3 n=1
n3