Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ISSN 1812-5654
2005 Asian Network for Scientific Information
Estimation of Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph with Clark's Method Using GIS Techniques
1
Abstract: Determination of basin Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph (IUH) is important for design of hydraulic
structures. Instantaneous Unit Hydrographs can be derived from rainfall runoff data, if those data are available.
But if those data were not available, the IUH can be constructed from Synthetic Unit Hydrographs (SUH). In
IUH the effective precipitation is applied to the drainage basin in zero time. Various methods were provided for
determination of IUH, from which Clark's SUH method is more applicable compared with the other methods.
Clark's method requires estimation of three basin parameters for the derivation of IUH, time of concentration
(Tc), storage attenuation coefficient (K) and time-area histogram of the basin. In this study the required
parameters for Clarks SUH were derived using geographic information system (GIS), techniques. The results
show good agreements between observed data hydrographs and Clarks SUH which was derived by GIS
techniques. This model was applied to the Kardeh river basin, in Khorasan province located in the northeast
part of Iran. The results show that the Arcview GIS software is a powerful tool for IUH estimation.
Key words: Instantaneous unit hydrographs, Clark, Kardeh Basin, digital elevation model
INTRODUCTION
Corresponding Author: Mohammad Ebrahim Noorbakhsh, Department of Civil Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman,
Iran Tel: +989121127091 E-mail: menooor@yahoo.com
455
Dem11
1300 - 1484.444
1484.444 - 1668.889
1668.889 - 1853.333
1853.333 - 2037.778
2037.778 - 2222.222
2222.222 - 2406.667
2406.667 - 2591.111
2591.111 - 2775.556
2775.556 - 2960
No Data
N
W
E
S
(1)
Fig. 1: DEM map in arcview
2)t
C'
2k % )t
(2)
ai
)t
Fdir2
1
2
4
8
16
32
64
128
No D ata
(3)
N
W
E
S
9
TtGrid1
0 - 1.394
1.394 - 2.788
2.788 - 4.182
4.182 - 5.576
5.576 - 6.97
6.97 - 8.364
8.364 - 9.758
9.758 - 11.152
11.152 - 12.54 6
No Data
Flen3
0 - 6415.232
6415.232 - 12830.464
12830.464 - 19245.695
19245.695 - 25660.927
25660.927 - 32076.159
32076.159 - 38491.391
38491.391 - 44906.622
44906.622 - 51321.854
51321.854 - 57737.086
No Data
4
3
N
W
N
W
E
S
cn
72
76
79
84
86
89
No Data
N
W
L 0. 8 ( S % 1 )0 . 7
1900y
0.5
T t G r id '
(4)
1000
&1 0
CN
Tc
M ax of cell t r avel len gt h s
( F l G r id (6)
(5)
Q1 = Q0eGt/k
K = t/ln(Q0/Qt)
li (m3sG1)
0.00
9.93
13.08
14.81
21.14
15.22
17.10
15.94
13.80
9.17
IUH Qi (m3sG1)
0.00
1.91
4.06
6.14
9.03
10.23
11.33
11.81
9.53
9.46
7.63
6.16
4.97
4.01
3.21
2.59
2.09
1.60
1.29
CONCLUSION
In this study Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph was
obtained using the capabilities of GIS. Time of basin
concentration and slope of the basin were calculated more
easily and accurately using GIS techniques in comparison
with traditional methods. Curve-Number map was
constructed using two types of maps, land-use and soil.
Required parameters for determination of Clark's IUH were
calculated with high precision using GIS techniques.
Finally by comparison of calculated values by real
observed values it was shown a good match between the
two results.
(7)
(8)
REFERENCES
where, Qt is inflow rate at time "t", Q0 is the outflow rate
at the start of a drought curve and "K" is the storage
attenuation coefficient, "K" can be calculated by plotting
outflows vs. time on a semi logarithmic scale. "K"
coefficient for Kardeh basin was calculated as being
4.68 h. By selecting the one-hour duration and using
equation (2), the value for "C" was calculated as being
equal to 0.193. The results of calculations, which are
needed to construct Clarks unit hydrograph, are given in
Table 1. After determination of the outflow for one hour
duration by Clark's hydrograph using the abilities of GIS
1.
2.
3.
458