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Allen, Bernard M. (Bernard Melzar), 1869Boston,, etc., Allyn and Bacon, [cop.1912].
http://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.32044097074157
Latin
composition
Allen,
Henry
Joseph
Greenough
James
Bradstreet
EoUo7~"7/?./4./35"
Harvard College
Library
BOUGHT
FROM THE GIFT OF
a.
?JU
<
157
LATIN COMPOSITION
BY
BERNARD
M.
ALLEN
AND
JOHN L. PHILLIPS
INSTRUCTORS
IN LATIN IN PHILLIPS
ACADEMY
ANDOVER
PART ONE
REVISED EDITION
ALLYN
Boston
and BACON
Weto gorfe
Chicago
'.meut
COPYRIGHT,
1909 AND
1912,
BY BERNARD M. ALLEN
AND JOHN L. PHILLIPS.
PREFACE
Latin
In
PREFACE
iy
For this
understanding of principles.
reason, the authors have given in simple language
their own statements of grammatical usage, in addi
tion to the usual references to the grammars.
In
these statements of grammatical usage, clearness and
accuracy have been sought rather than originality.
Attention may be called, however, to certain points
which have been passed over or misstated in other
books.
Such are the discussion of the dative with
compounds in Sections 86-89, where it is noted that
verbs compounded with con regularly take, instead of
the dative, cum with the ablative ; the translation of
until in Section 120, where emphasis is laid on the
fact that the Latin, at least in preparatory texts, has
no use with dum or quoad corresponding to the use
of until in English after negative verbs of occurrence,
and that in such cases, therefore, until, which then is
equivalent to before, is to be rendered by priusquam.
Again, the infrequent use of the genitive plural gerun
dive as compared with the genitive singular, and the
entire lack in Caesar of the genitive gerund with an
object, unless that object is plural, has been briefly
noted in Section 249.
an accurate
1912.
In
(to be used in
In
In Exercise
and
If
cises
If
III,
illustrating the
the
First Book of
same
I,
II
constructions.
Book
and C may
be assigned.
connected narrative.
IV,
follow.
year,
if
desired.
vi
Part
II,
prepared
All
in the lessons
discourse
forms a part of
each lesson.
Part
II is concluded
Part
III,
prepared
of
Milo.
It
Each exercise
disconnected
consists
connected narrative.
All
these exercises.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I
....
....
LESSON
I.
Pronouns
II.
III.
Pronouns
Relative, Possessive
IV.
V.
VI.
Review
VII.
Review
VIII.
IX.
Indirect Questions.
Sequence
XI.
8
12
13
.
.
Ablative of Means.
18
Da
23
Genitive
X.
22
Subjunctive of Result,
tive of Possession
Indirect Discourse
of Tenses
Constructions of Place
Subjunctive of Purpose.
PAGS
Direct
Indefinite.
Interrogative,
Questions. Ablative of Agent
Pronouns
26
Review
29
Preposi
31
XII.
XIII.
Ablative Absolute
35
Review
38
XIV.
XV.
XVI.
XVII.
Substantive Clauses of
Asking and Fearing
Desire,
of
of
.39
with Verbs of
43
Review
46
vii
Degree of
48
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Vlll
PAGE
LESSON
XVIII.
XIX.
XX.
XXI.
XXII.
XXIII.
XXIV.
Ablatives
.51
...
.
Review
Verbs of Hindering, Restraining,
Dimension
Time and Space.
Dative with Special Verbs.
pounds
Review
of
59
63
Licet, oportet,
necesse
71
Review
XXVIII.
XXIX.
XXX.
74
76
Temporal Clauses with dum, quoad, priusquam. Ablatives of Cause and Specification
79
Temporal
etc.
XXVII.
Review
Causal Clauses.
Concessive
XXXII.
XXXIII.
XXXIV.
XXXV.
....
....
....
Clauses.
Review
Subjunctive of Characteristic.
Genitive of Description
Review
Exercises on Book
Vocabulary
85
88
91
Ablative and
Exhortations.
Commands. Wishes.
of Purpose and Reference
Conditional Sentences
83
XXXI.
65
est,
debed
XXV.
XXVI.
56
Gerund and Ge
Periphrastic Conjugations.
rundive. Dative of Agent.
Expressions of
Purpose
May, Must, Ought.
54
Doubting.
93
Datives
96
100
105
IV
107
PART ONE
PART I
LESSON I
PRONOUNS
Personal.
B.
Demonstrative.
Reflexive.
242
A. & G.
B. 246-249
295
500.
299, 300.
H. 505-507.
i, 2; H. 502-504.
Pronouns
Personal
1.
H.
A. & G. 296-298
B. 244; A. & G.
ego,
/,
ta, you,
as
I praise him.
laudo eum,
See
12.
LATIN COMPOSITION
Demonstrative Pronouns
4.
used as a personal
I praise him.
eum laudo,
Is often stands
than
I saw.
Reflexive Pronouns
Direct Reflexive.
uses
This stands in a de
pendent clause, but refers for its meaning to the
2.
Indirect
Reflexive.
Ariovistus respondit
se obsides
REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
they begged
(sS refers
for
The indirect
6.
only in
found
indirect
discourse
and
purpose
sec
clined as follows
de
Singular
Plural
Same as singular.
TlOifl.
gen.
sui
dat.
sibi
ace.
Be
abl.
se (sese)
(sese)
me
laudo,
I praise
myself.
LATIN COMPOSITION
Exercises
9.
(.4 vocabulary
is at the back
1.
(A)
of
in
the exercises
4.
marked
to him.
3.
2.
This affair
'6.
5.
(B) Book I. 1,
war with them.
2.
4.
All
They
8.
1.
The
7. Caesar
rians.
(4)
was announced
Gauls.
the sentences
for
the book.
We call you
5. The
Celts.
3.
(C) Book
them.
2.
II.
1.
All
1.
3.
formed
were
Letters
the conspiracy.
7.
6.
of Labienus
5.
in
Rumors
led against
brought to us.
be
8.
II
LESSON
PRONOUNS
Relative.
B.
250, 251
Possessive. B. 243
Continued
A. & G. 304-306,
308.
a; H.
510.
Relative Pronouns
10.
qui,
quae,
quod,
Its
case depends
on its
case, object
of vidit.
tuus,
LATIN COMPOSITION
They may be
omitted when the sense is clear without them.
When the English pronouns his, her, its,
their, refer to the subject of the verb, the Reflexive
13.
5.
To
express
the genitive
sentences,
of is
is regularly
used.
In the following
use.
Buum f ilium
Exercises
5.
8.
EXERCISES
own state.
3.
4.
They
were influenced by his speech, and gave a pledge to
one another.
6. His father held the royal power
peace
5.
7.
8.
9.
You
II.
2.
1.
3.
come with
He
They
9. He came to their
territory.
1
7.
8.
III
LESSON
PRONOUNS
Interrogative.
B. 90; A. & G.
B.
Indefinite.
Direct Questions.
252
>.
Continued
148,
152; H. 511.
B.
162
A. & G. 330-333
;
A. & G.
405
H.
H. 378.
468, and
I.
Interrogative Pronouns
15.
quis,
quid.
did this t
what did he do ?
quid fScit ?
quod nomeii
est
claims ?
famous ?
Indefinite
16.
The commonest
Pronouns
Indefinite
; and
any (one);
are
quisque,
quidam, certain.
Pronouns
DIRECT QUESTIONS
17.
if
he wants
Direct Questions
As in English, Direct
18.
kinds
and
those
that
cannot.
The lat
Questions of Fact and of Circumstance.
ter, as in English, are introduced by some question
word, such as quid, what ? cur, why ? ubi, where ?
19.
word.
1.
by num.
do you
it?
or you
negare
it,
num
by nonne.
nonne
sentis
tua
3.
LATIN COMPOSITION
10
to
Double Questions
20.
a double
question
is in
sec
of duty
fear or
the stronger ?
it of advantage
to
21.
a thing is done is ex
the higher
of Means or Cause.
See 40.
Exercises
22.
(.4)
army ?
3.
1.
If
any
legion comes,1
EXERCISES
1 1
comes.
2
(B) Book I. s,
6.
1.
towns
and
2. Certain ' of
villages burned by the Helvetians ?
the Rauraci adopted the same plan, and started out
with them.
If
3.
villages.
4.
certain,
can.
(C) Book
II.
3,
4.
1.
2.
this ?
3.
4.
If any
states are
join.
See note in
(B).
shas done,
134.
*fn; in Latin,
'into.1
LESSON IV
REVIEW
23.
-
Book
(E)
I.
7, 8.
Rhone, which is a river in Gaul between the Sequanians and the Allobroges.
Caesar built a wall ten feet
high from this lake to the
Jura
Mountains, which
When
divide the Helvetians from the Sequanians.
this wall was finished, he fortified redoubts; and after
stationing1 garrisons, he was able very easily to stop
The Helvetians were
those who tried to cross over.
intending to march through the province because they
could not go by any other route
many boats together,
and so
they fastened
after stationing.
Book
(0)
II.
Caesar encouraged
5, 6.
the Remi,
All
it.
camp there.
with
in Latin,
these
(things').,
12
this
been sent,
Darkness stopped
LESSON V
Indirect Questions. B. 300
Sequence of Tenses.
B.
267, 268
H.
A. & G. 482-484
649.
II.
H. 543-
545-
Indirect Questions
24.
expressions
introduced
by an
interrogative word.
intellexSrunt quantam calamitatem intulissent, they
knew how great a disaster they had caused.
26.
of an Indirect Question
See 20.
13
LATIN COMPOSITION
14
intellegere voluit utrum titnor an officium plus valgret, he wished to know whether
fear or
a sense of
question.
declarant utrum proelium committere ex Qsii sit
necne, they declare
whether
it is of
advantage to
expecting,
of Tenses
and Secondary.
SEQUENCE OF TENSES
31.
IS
or Pluper
fect Tense, otherwise, in the Present or Perfect ; the Per
rogat
rogabit
rogaverit
rogat
rogabit
rogaverit
quid faciam
(incomplete
ac
tion)
quid fScerim
(completed
tion)
ac
He asks
He will ask
He will have asked
He asks
He will ask
He will have asked
what T am
doing.
what
y
or
did.
have
done.
LATIN COMPOSITION
16
Secondary
rogabat
rogavit
> (incomplete
Sequence
quid facerem
ac-
rogaverat J tion)
rogabat
quid fecissem
]
rogavit
(completed ac-
rogaverat J
tion)
Table illustrating
He asked
He asked
He had asked
what
He asked
He asked
He had asked
what
Sequence
was
do-
ing.
had
done.
of Tenses
Subjunctive
Present
Future
Future Perfect
Present
Perfect
Imperfect
Pluperfect
Imperfect
Perfect
Pluperfect
Exekcises
32.
(A)
does
1.
not
what
the
enemy
2.
He
are doing.
3.
legion alone.
departing.
is in danger or not.
Single Indirect Questions of Fact are introduced
by either num or -ne, whether, if, with no difference in meaning.
1
whether.
EXERCISES
(B) Book I.
9,
10.
1.
He
17
does
not understand
2. He announced
why they are sending envoys.
what ' the Helvetians were planning.
3. They found
out why he had enrolled two legions.
4. Did Caesar
5.
by the Helvetians.
6.
He
does
7.
8.
they led their legions out from winter quarters ?
asked him whether Caesar was passing the winter
4.
inferior or not
5.
I asked
6.
7. I shall send
inquired what the smoke indicated.
'
8. Do
men to tell him whether the place is suitable.
to tell, 33.
LESSON VI
Subjunctive of Purpose.
Constructions
427
H.
of Place.
B. 282; A. & G.
B.
1,
531 ;
H.
568, 590.
A. & G.
426,
Subjunctive of Purpose
33.
if posi
if
if negative,
be
Aqui-
sent from
CONSTRUCTIONS
OF PLACE
19
Constructions of Place
34.
place
of
All
Place At or In Which.
At
or
In
of
Place
camp.
Which is expressed
Accusative;
Place
In or
ae
-
is
-I
is
or e
..
lbus.
LATIN COMPOSITION
20
Exercises
36.
They delayed in Italy a little while, in order that the cavalry might return home.
2. He sent
(A)
1.
3.
He will stay at
4.
I went
this.
See 23.
I.
(C)
Note
1.
of1 Caesar.
11,
12.
1.
4.
2.
5. He
they sent Cassius's army under the yoke.
will cross the river in order to be able to judge in
6. Caesar inflicted a great
which direction it flows.
ask
of peto, with ab
and Ablative.
(C)
Book
II.
9, 1o.
1. Caesar
2.
river.
3.
on.1
4.
It
EXERCISES
all to return home and attack the enemy.
5.
They
advanced
6.
21
lit
is being fought.'
See () Note 2.
LESSON VII
REVIEW
37.
(-B)
Book
I.
13.
quickly.8
so
to go.
if
for, nam.
valor.
province,
(0)
Book
how, quern
provincia.
II.
11, 12.
and
peace.
22
VIII
LESSON
Dative of Possession.
B.
190
A. & G.
373
H.
430.
Subjunctive of Result
38.
What
by ne?
tense
See 30.
it could not
be
of the Helvetians
swiftly that
23
ut nemo effugeret.
no one escaped.
LATIN COMPOSITION'
24
Ablative of Means
40.
Dative of Possession
Subject.
els erat magna frumenti copia, they had a great
abundance
of grain.
Exercises
42.
(A)
1.
4.
5.
The
means
injuries.
2.
3.
They
EXERCISES
4.
25
(C)
6.
Book
II.
13, 14.
1.
They
Britain.
to Caesar.
5.
He approached
6.
He has
LESSON IX
Indirect
314.
Discourse:
1,
2,
317
1, 2 ;
A. & G.
346. a,
c\ H. 440
441-443.
Indirect Discourse
Words
or
when
indirectly ex
pressed, i.e. not in the exact words of the original,
are called Indirect Discourse.
This construction is
43.
thoughts,
In Indirect Discourse
The
esse
of safety.
26
that
PARTITIVE GENITIVE
certior factus est omnis
discessisse,
27
he was
in
sS
Partitive Genitive
46.
which
a whole of
It
is
of them.
num
of these.
Exercises
47.
(A)
1.
5.
4.
been
killed.
6.
are said.
* esse
is generally omitted
A participle
LATIN COMPOSITION
28
(E)
Book
I.
1.
16, 17.
For this
reason he thought Caesar would take away liberty
4. Day after day he declared that
from the Gauls.1
3.
5.
They
the war.
6.
He said that he
if
danger
he had
our plans.
1
2
(0)
Book
II.
15, 16.
1.
said
2.
be conquered.
been handed
have; in Latin
'
are ofS
7.
He
LESSON X
REVIEW
48.
(B) Book I.
18.
Caesar realized
that Liscus re
He learned
* so much,
tantus.
17, 18.
LATIN COMPOSITION
30
this plan
hill
a gradual slope,
and was bare for about one hundred feet from the top.
1
2
4
See 33.
3
try, ineo.
had; in Latin, lwas o/.'
LESSON XI
INDIRECT DISCOURSE
Complex Sentences.
B.
314.
1,
a;
H.643.
A Complex
49.
see
arc brave.
50.
in the Subjunctive.
If
quos
fortSs sunt,
whom
see
Indirect
{a) dicit milites quos
videat fort is esse, he says
video
the soldiers
are brave.
whom
said that
the
soldiers
LATIN COMPOSITION
32
pendent
of
Direct
the
becomes
De
Subjunctive
of the verb
of saying in
diceret
Subjunctive,
51.
requires
(J>)
Dicit hostls
the Secondary
that the
Dependent
ex
pression is Pluperfect, with the Perfect Infinitive incendisse, although the introducing verb dicit is Present.
will
make
Prepositions
53.
In and sub
take the Ablative to express Place At or In Which ;
the Accusative to express Place To Which.
S, ab, dS,
EXERCISES
Exercises
54.
(.4)
33
1.
might be collected.
4.
be
will
be
his friends.
used.
(2?)
1.
2. Caesar hoped
which was said to him was true.
that he should not hurt the feelings of Diviciacus, if
he should punish his brother.
3. We all know that
Procillus was
a man in whom
Diviciacus thought that Caesar would punish Dumuorix because he had led an army through the terri
5. He will order Diviciacus
tory of the Sequanians.
4.
6.
in the council.
2.
He knows that
LATIN COMPOSITION.
34
they
will
retreat,
if
he makes
an attack on them.
3.
4.
makes.
great.''
LESSON XII
ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE
B. 227; A. & G. 419, 420; H. 489.
55.
The Ablative of
to
an
Attendant
Circumstance.
Two
This construction
is called the
Ablative Absolute.
circumstance
imply
may
time, cause,
Domitio,
Ap.
Claudio
if,
by
etc.
consulibus * discessit
of Lucius Domitius and Appius Claudius, Caesar went off into Italy.
paucis defendentibus oppidum expugnabit,
few,
he
will
(or
storm.
non
potuit,
by
it
by
if
This
35
LATIN COMPOSITION
36
verb
has
no
Perfect
convocato
sentential
exquirere
coepit,
to
ask
to passive.
of the Ablative
(not flumine
transito) proelium
EXERCISES
Exercises
58.
{Use
(A)
37
1.
the
Leaving
the
they hastened
baggage,
to
2.
5.
6.
4.
(B)
1.
(0)
5.
Book
II.
1.
21, 22.
and encouraging
Relative or Interrogative
6.
In
necessary commands,
1
Latin,
'
'
direction.
necessary
'
; in Latin, Hhe
what
need.''
LESSON
XIII
REVIEW
59.
(B) Book I.
23, 24.
the following
O11
day it was
The Hel
city of the Helvetians, to provide for grain.
vetians thought that he was withdrawing because he
was frightened, and attacked him in the rear; but
Caesar, after leading his forces to the nearest
hill
and
in;
in Latin, 'into.'1
23, 24.
close by,
The soldiers
of the ninth
if
eleventh
legions,
LESSON XIV
Substantive
A. & G.
Clauses of Desire.
563
H.
B.
294, 295.
I,
2,
296.
1;
A. & G. 413;
H.
Substantive
60.
Clauses of Desire
by ut or nS
to
stir
up their men.
to cross
Equivalent Constructions
61.
LATIN COMPOSITION
40
J
they permit the Helvetians to pass through their
territory.
licet eis transire, they are permitted to cross.
Caesar noluit agios vacare, Caesar
the
country to be unoccupied.
\ he orders Pub"}
62.
Accompaniment
is
Ablative of Accompaniment
expressed by the Ablative
with cum.
cum legione
VII
Atlantic with
the
seventh legion.
In
enclitic
often omitted.
is
is
is
EXERCISES
Exercises
63.
(A)
41
1.
territories.
2.
3.
the lieuten
Labienus hastened
4.
He said
1
3
1.
25, 26.
1.
3.
4.
6.
(C) Book
II.
25, 26.
1.
3.
with
4.
Addressing
Baoulus by
5.
Having
LATIN COMPOSITION
42
in camp.
6.
make an advance
captured.
Use
Note text.
potior.
LESSON XV
Substantive
Fearing. B.
295.
1,
296.
Verbs of Asking
and
567.
Verbs of Asking
64.
of Desire,
construction
introduced
of the person
by ut or nS.
asked,
The
if expressed,
with Accusative,
/ asked him
to
send a messenger.
a mg
petivit
ne
return.
postulat ut obsides
LATIN COMPOSITION
44
Verbs of Fearing
not).
lest) or by ut (translated that
Notice that ut and ne apparently exchange mean
ings after verbs of Fearing.
videntur
vere1i
seem
to
ut habeam
afraid that
be
satis praesidi,
I shall not
they
have guards
enough.
Exercises
66.
They
2.
They feared
3.
(A)
1.
5.
They all fear that aid may not be brought.
Ariovistus demanded that they come with ten men
to the conference.
6. The Helvetians ashed their
4.
to exchange hostages.
them to follow with four legions.
neighbors
(-B) Book
I.
should await
1.
27, 28.
J
his arrival
7.
He will
beg
in that place.
2.
The Hel
3.
to him.
5.
EXERCISES
45
6.
(C) Book
II.
27, 28.
See 6.
Note text.
1.
2.
He asked Caesar to
show mercy
women
5.
show mercy.
suppliant people.
7.
LESSON XVI
REVIEW
67.
(jB) Book
the camp
I.
29, 30.
showing1
the number
of Helvetians who
to make an enumeration
The ambas
together
Indirect Discourse.
29, 30.
EXERCISES
47
wall.
These
LESSON XVII
Ablative of Separation or Source. B. 214, 215
402, 403.
1 ;
H. 461-465,
A. & G. 400-
467.
H.
471.
A. & G.
414
H.
Ablative of Separation
68.
64.
from supplies.
ilium ex periculo Sripuit, he rescued him from
peril.
69.
Place
preposition,
From
except
of
cities
and
towns,
Ablative of Comparison
70.
DEGREE OF DIFFERENCE
49
Exercises
72.
1.
They
thought the Germans were much braver than the
Gauls.1
4. Ambassadors came from many states to
ask him for aid.
3.
5.
(B) Book I.
(first half).
1.
LATIN COMPOSITION
50
2.
3.
Diviciacus
4.
of the Germans
a thousand
contended
6.
About
pendents.
1
(C)
II.
Book
31, 32.
1.
to induce, 33.
for
peace.
2.
3.
5.
They threw
6. This ditch
ask, 33.
than that. Express in two ways.
to
them, 5, 6.
LESSON XVIII
Substantive
Clauses of Result.
B. 297; A. & G.
568, 569;
H.571.
Ablative of Manner. B. 220
A. & G.
412
A. & G.
H.
473. 3.
418. a
H. 475.
3.
1.
take a Substantive
fit
facio
officio
it
...
happens.
\ cause,
J
brinz
*
about.
fugae
profectio
vidgretur,
Si
LATIN COMPOSITION
52
a so
be
averte-
turned
from him.
Ablative of Manner
74.
they
fought with
great zeal.
Ablative of Accordance
That in
accordance
without a preposition.
mo rib us suis pacem petgbant, they begged
for peace
Exercises
76.
1.
(A)
It
2.
He made it possible
that
3. The
supplies could be brought without danger.
enemy attacked the town with the greatest zeal.
4.
It
EXERCISES
accordance
S3
He did not
5.
6.
made it possible,
(B) Book I.
efficio.
would
be
will
31
3.
be occupied
by Ariovistus.
All
4.
5.
He says that
7.
It
happened that a
II.
(C) Book
to be closed
It
2.
1.
33-35.
and the
soldiers to leave
the town.
garrison.
3.
He knew that no
one
would
be
left in
4.
6. The
fought bravely 2 according to their custom.
tribes which dwell across the Rhine will cause envoys
to be sent.
7. He knows that every hope will rest
in valor alone.
1
speed,
celeritas.
bravely;
in Latin,
'
with bravery.'
LESSON XIX
REVIEW
77.
(B) Book I.
32, 33.
fear him in his absence, and they did not dare to seek
aid from Caesar.
Therefore l when Caesar asked why they did not do
what the others did, it happened that they made no
Diviciacus finally told
silent.
therefore,
made no
itaque.
answer; in Latin, 'answered nothing.'1
(0) Book
III.
1,
2.
were
accustomed
to
go
with
great
danger,
battles.
EXERCISES
He ordered the Gauls to leave to his cohorts
55
one
It
They
knew that two cohorts had been detached to look for
provisions, and thought that if they should rush down
and hurl their weapons, not even their first attack could
be withstood.
LESSON XX
Verbs of Hindering, Restraining,
A. & G.
558
H.
Doubting.
B.
295. 3, 298
B.
231
181
A. & G. 423
H.
;
486, 487.
H.
417.
Hindering, Re
straining, and Doubting are followed by quin and
78.
the
Negative
expressions
Such
Subjunctive.
tineo,
/ do not
of
expressions
/ do
do not hin
there is no doubt.
non potuerunt retineri quin tSla conicerent, they
could not
11011
be
the Subjunctive
ACCUSATIVE OF EXTENT
deterruit
enemy
hostis
ne
57
from advancing.
Ablative of Time
Time When or Within Which is expressed
ay the Ablative without a preposition.
opportunissimo Caesar auxilium tulit,
tempore
80.
be
distant,
of Ex
See 71.
82.
LATIN COMPOSITION
58
Exercises
83.
(A)
1.
2.
Caesar prevented
4.
5. He
part of these forces from crossing the river.
fortified the camp with a rampart twelve feet high.8
6.
7.
(B) Book I.
34, 35.
1.
will
3.
2.
In
three days he
talked, ago.
(O) Book
III.
3, 4.
1.
have
3.
happened
5.
6.
The next
LESSON XXI
Dative
187.
II ;
A. & G.
367
426.
Dative
with Compounds. B.
187.
Ill;
A. & G. 370; H.
429.
persuadeo, persuade.
impero, order.
placeo, please.
noceo, harm.
resisto, resist.
parco, spare.
servio, serve.
pareo, obey.
LATIN COMPOSITION
6o
85.
it was
in, inter, ob, post, prae, pro, sub, super, often take
the Dative of the Indirect Object.
the Dative is dependent
In
this usage
in the preposition.
exercitui
praeerat,
he was
in command of the
army.
hostibus occurrSbat, he met the enemy.
87.
If
these
as the
in the
follow.
All
EXERCISES
61
Exceptions
89.
i.
Compounds
Ablative.
the
adeo,
approach;
those
lm-
Some compounds,
meet;
Exercises
90.
(A)
1.
4.
in command
5. He ordered
LATIN COMPOSITION
62
1.
2. We do not pre
they wish.
3.
shall
scribe to you how you shall pay the tax.
4. They
not make war on their allies unjustly.
they
as
conquer,
could
not
be
persuaded
5.
to
him
return
without
the
hostages.
his own de
struction.
6.
conquered.
revenues less.
he wishes.
8.
9.
these things.
1
8
(C) Book
III.
5, 6.
1.
2.
4. Galba
they able to offer resistance to the enemy.
could not be persuaded to tempt fortune too often.
A tribune of
5.
of the
6.
The
ordered.
one
LESSON XXII
REVIEW
91.
(B) Book I.
37, 38.
The
latter
resisted
bravely for many days, and did not doubt that Caesar
was hurrying by forced marches against the Swabians,
commanded by Nasua,1 in order to prevent them from
Caesar
commanded
by
Nasua ; in Latin,
'
whom
Nasua com
manded.'
(O) Book
III.
7, 8.
conquered,
Illyricum
63
LATIN COMPOSITION
64
this war was that ' the Veneti wished to get back the
hostages which had been given to Crassus, and did
not doubt that,
if
They agreed
that = because.
LESSON XXIII
Gerund
and Gerundive.
B.
338, 339;
A. & G. 501-507;
H.
623-631.
Supine.
B.
340
A. & G.
509
H.
633.
a; H.
236, 531.
& G.
193,
194,
Dative of Agent.
196, 500. 2
B.
189.
H.
B.
115, 337.
237, 621.
A. & G.
I,
374,
7. b.
1 ;
A.
2.
H.
431.
Gerund
92.
The Gerund is
declension,
It
is active in meaning.
eos spes praedandl ab labore revocabat, hope
of
The Gerundive is
It
agrees as an adjec
It
LATIN COMPOSITION'
66
urbis
defendendae
to be joined).
accedebat,
of
zeal
for
the city to be
defended).
ad mllites cohortan&oB,
for encouraging
the soldiers.
with a Direct
Object.
95.
In
short
expressions,
the
Genitive
and
praedandi
causa
forage.
ad Caesarem
they
will set
auxili
ad eos defendendos
to
The Supine is
It
is active in meaning.
Its most
EXPRESSIONS OF PURPOSE
67
Expressions of Purpose
Note the following common expressions of
purpose, as illustrated in the translation of the
97.
ad pacem petendam
of the Gerundive
be expressed by
LATIN COMPOSITION
68
signum
dandum est.
must be given.
had to
dandum erit.
be
given.
Dative of Agent
100.
called
the
Dative of
Apparent Agent.
Caesari
omnia
uno tempore
had to do everything at
agenda erant,
Caesar
once.
* Out of
Discourse.
182 instances
in Caesar,
142 are
Infinitives of Indirect
EXERCISES
101.
69
subject.
To show
the
Latin idiom,
the
English
Latin idiom
Latin
102.
we must do this.
Exercises
103.
(^4)
1.
con
2.
Such
was
the
5.
6.
7.
If
8.
1.
One assigned
utmost = greatest.
2.
one reason
for
He remained in camp
LATIN COMPOSITION
JO
3.
Caesar in
4.
Caesar
5.
We
to bring up the
permitted.
3.
6.
as
many
ships
as
possible.
8. The
Envoys came from Britain to ask help.1
Romans were not acquainted with 2 the places where
7.
the tense.
LESSON XXIV
MAY, MIGHT, MUST, OUGHT
May, Might. B. 327.
A. & G. 565.
1;
Notes
I,
2; H.
564. 2.
Must, Ought.
B.
486. a, 500. 2
115, 270.
2; 337.
H. 237, 618.
7.
b; A. & G. 194,
196,
2, 621. 1, 2.
May, Might
These words may (a) merely indicate the
Subjunctive mode, as in Purpose clauses, and be
104.
translated,
permission,
Dative and
Infinitive.
ut venlret, in order that he might come.
Ire tibi licet, you may go.
'
Must
105.
Must is to be translated by
we must fight.
}
7'
The latter
LATIN COMPOSITION
72
Ought
The tense of
is regu
In English, on the
larly in the Present tense.
other hand, ought is defective; for the Future,
we use the Present
Exercises
108.
(A)
1.
not march
Caesar
They asked
permission1
3.
The
5.
This
6. Caesar
EXERCISES
73
7.
We ought4
(B) Book I.
1.
(first half).
permitted to them.'
Caesar ought1 to
summon
2.
40
be
ship.
5.
After
these unarmed
1
ought.
(C)
Book
III.
11, 12.
them.3
them, 6.
He wishes Titus to
1.
be
said.
if
they wish.
4.
2.
3.
LESSON XXV
REVIEW
109.
(B) Book I.
He desired
to know as
soon as
possible
whether
to his com
lhim, 6.
follow, 78.
what; in Latin,
(0) Book
III.
'
and
not, neque.
13.
be
EXERCISES
7$
use,
utor.
the latter,
M.
but
LESSON XXVI
with Ubi, Ut, Postquam, Simul
B. 287. I ; A. & G. 543 ; H. 602.
Clauses
Temporal
Prlmum.
Temporal Clauses
547
H.
with
Cum.
B. 288.
A. & G. 545-
1 ;
A. & G. 410;
289
600, 601.
H.
1,
Cum
Atque,
B. 218.
477.
Pluperfect.
ubi ad eos venit, timorem Romanorum proposuit,
when he came to them, he told
of
the
fear of
the
Romans.
quod postquam animadverterunt fieri, salutem petere contenderunt,
noticed that
statim legates
Cum,
when,
the Imperfect
or
in
narrative
regularly takes
Pluperfect Subjunctive.
76
The
JJ
legati
ab els
ea
cum
indicates
the
use, fruor,
Potior occasionally
takes
the Genitive.
iumentis
importatis
German!
nan
utuntur,
the
Exercises
114.
(A)
1.
5.
They
LATIN COMPOSITION'
78
to their state
Use ubi.
this.
Note the second illustrative sentence in
Use cum.
when.
when.
Use both cum and ubi.
when.
(B) Book I.
41, 42.
1.
110.
After
3.
5.
As soon
as
of battle.
4.
plan
Our men used wall hooks with which
a new
5.
When
to cut.
LESSON XXVII
Clauses
Temporal
551
with Priusquam. B.
A. & G.
291, 292;
H. 605.
Clauses
Temporal
SS3-5S6;
with
H. 603,604.
B.
293
A. & G.
1.
Priusquam
connected.
did
until (or
before)
LATIN COMPOSITION
80
haec in Venetis
geruntur, Sabinus
in finis
tory
of
118.
in
the terri
the Venelli.
until
Until is
till
the rest
of
the
pressed by priusquam.
See example
in 115.
Ablative of Specification
121.
ABLATIVE OF CAUSE
a preposition.
81
praecedunt, the
of these
things,
it
less widely.
qua de causa,
for this
ex consuetudine,
are
reason.
according to custom.
propter
multitudinem
statuit, on account
to
hostium
proelio supersedere
he decided
Exercises
123.
(A)
1.
Before
new legions.
brought
from
Caesar
2.
the
set
out,
he
enrolled two
neighboring
states.
3.
While
4.
6.
town
LATIN COMPOSITION
82
8.
(B) Book I.
43.
1.
4.
2wait, exspocto.
120.
(G) Book
III.
15, 16.
1.
2.
5.
reached land.
1
excel,
supero.
until,
120.
LESSON XXVIII
REVIEW
124.
As
soon as he came
he,
ille.
III.
wait, exspecto.
llle.
17.
LATIN COMPOSITION
84
collected
he,
ille.
Note text.
LESSON XXIX
Causal
with
Clauses
A. & G. 540
H.
Quia,
Quod,
Quoniam.
B.
286,
1;
588.
B.
286.
192
549
H.
598.
A. & G. 383-385
H.
434.
2 ;
A. & G.
Causal Clauses
125.
duced by quod,
for Illyricum
wished
126.
to
visit
because he
LATIN COMPOSITION
86
127.
imus,
nearer, nearest,
gratus,
idoneus,
fit, utilis,
agreeable,
of
useful,
similar or
propior
Accusative
cusative
and
proximus
may
take
the
Ac
Gerundive.
TrSveri sunt proximi flumim Rhno, the Treveri
are nearest the river Rhine.
locum castris
place suitable
idoneum dSlSgit,
for
he picked out a
a camp.
128.
(A)
1.
4.
Since2 the
5. He bitterly
they were made tributary.
accused them because he was not aided by them.
quered,
6.
line of
battle.
1
Since.
Use cum.
Since.
EXERCISES
(B) Book I.
(last half).
44
87
1.
He withdrew his
territories.
to be overwhelmed.
5.
Book
III.
18.
1.
be
2.
3.
These rewards
were very
pressed
purpose, rSs.
LESSON XXX
Concessive Clauses.
H.
B.
308, 309.
2, 3
A. & G.
527, 549
with Adjectives. B.
Genitive
45> 45
204.
1 ;
A. & G.
349.
a; H.
Concessive Clauses
of Conditional Sentences
expellere no 11 potuissent,
had not
still
committendum
non
putabat,
for
though he saw
be
still
he
undertaken.
89
junctive.
in,
112.)
junctive.
( 125.)
Cum concessive,
the Subjunctive.
meaning
although, followed by
( 129.)
131.
Genitive
ignorant.
inexperienced.
full.
skilful in military
matters.
hour
a revolution.
Exercises
132.
(-4)
of
till
town.
3.
Although
on war.
4.
Since
LATIN COMPOSITION
90
ered
he was sent
5.
(E) Book I.
1.
45, 46.
2.
3.
Although the
4.
Even
5.
if
6.
stopped speaking.
(C) Book
III.
19.
of our men.
4.
Although a
5.
Since
not even, n6
. . .
LESSON XXXI
REVIEW
133.
(B) Book I.
47.
they had begun to discuss the day before had not been
However,1
a conference,
however,
8
4
(C) Book
III.
20.
92
LATIN COMPOSITION
them
LESSON XXXII
Subjunctive of Characteristic. B. 283.
a,b; H.
591.
A. & G.
1,
2 ;
A. & G.
415
H.
473. 2.
A. & G.
345
H.
440. 3.
535,
1,2,4,5.
B.
203
Subjunctive of Characteristic
This
fused
adhuc
to die.
possimus,
This construction
is especially common
after
LATIN COMPOSITION
94
Descriptive
135.
be
used
to
describe
another
noun.
et
virtutis,
a man
of great
homines, men
of huge
size.
Genitive of Measure
deep
tres
pedes
(82.)
Exercises
137.
(A)
1.
3.
hostages.
of great influence.
to give, 60.
EXERCISES
(B) Book I.
48, 49.
1.
2.
95
3.
The Germans
4.
(0)
Book
III.
in width.
21, 22.
who
depends on himself?
understands
that
everything
5.
in arms,
one, is.
131.
LESSON XXXIII
B. 273-275 ; A. & G. 439 ; H. 559. I,
Prohibitions. B. 276. c; A. & G. 450; H. 561. I.
Exhortations.
Wishes.
B.
279
Dative of Purpose;
382
H.
A. & G.
441 ;
H.
Double Dative.
2.
558.
B.
191. 1,
2; A. & G.
425. 3, 433.
Exhortations
138.
An
exhortation,
commonly introduced
in
kill these
robbers.
called,
with greater
exactness,
some
Jussive
Subjunctive.
Commands and Prohibitions
96
wishes
97
followed
by the
illustrates
the
method
of expressing
Positive
mitte, send.
mittite, send.
Wishes
Wishes are expressed by the Subjunctive,
usually introduced by utinam, would that! The
140.
negative is ne.
refers
to
future time.
(utinam) adsint, may they be present.
LATIN COMPOSITION'
98
Dative of Purpose
The Dative
141.
case
Double Dative
is used to express
the
It
serves.
or thing
the person
This
affected.
of our
men.
tt was (for) a
Exercises
142.
(A)
1.
our men.
3.
'
0 that
we had
to the enemy !
come without the cavalry which was enrolled.
not surren
4.
Do not
5.
May
EXERCISES
99
7.
4.
if
new moon,
(C) Book
III.
23,
24.
1.
be dis
that they
soldiers for the protection of the
3.
Crassus
noticed
6. Would that
point the next day for the battle.
our soldiers had great knowledge of military matters !
7. Let us choose as leaders those who have been with
wait to
see, one
word.
LESSON XXXIV
CONDITIONS
B. 301-304.
1; A. & G. 515-517;
H. 574-579.
assumed is true.
144.
be used.
if any
extra
hard fighting was going on, these men would run up.
si quid vult, ad m venire oportet,
if
he wishes
if hostages
you.
100
CONDITIONS
haec si enuntiata
if
nobis sumet,
IOI
erunt, gravissimum
this is announced,
supplicium
he
de
will inflict
Note
of the Protasis
action
of the
Both
as
completed
before the
Apodosis occurs.
Conditions of Possibility
145.
clauses regularly
take
the
Present
Subjunctive,
but the Protasis very rarely takes the Perfect Sub
junctive, the use of which corresponds to that of
the Future Perfect Indicative in 144.
neque, aliter
tatem, and
if
si f aciat, ullam inter suos habeat auctorihe should do otherwise, he would have
Conditions
of
Contrary to Fact
LATIN COMPOSITION
I02
if I
needed anything
si Caesar in Italiam
Caesar,
of
to
for Italy,
I should come
will
if he
is my friend,
help me.
willing
to do
uterSmur,
if
find
them
EXERCISES
103
dabuntur
dati erunt
are given, we
si obsides
should
be
will
if hostages
pacem faciemus,
...
make peace.
dentur
1
\ ,
dati sint
[
pacem faciamus,
if hostages
dicunt si obsides
\
I
dentur
dati sint
| ,
pacem
se
facturos,
dixerunt si obsides
f'
[
darentur
data essent
J ,
J
pacem se facturos,
Exercises
150.
(-4)
If
If
1.
an
attack on them
if
5.
He said he should
LATIN COMPOSITION
104
If
6.
Germans.
1
(B) Book I.
1.
52.
If
4.
6.
3.
Despairing of flight,
they will fight more bravely, unless they can get back
4. If some had driven the defenders
into camp.
from the wall, others would have torn down the forti
fications.
5.
that if
surround them.
from
7.
camp,
6.
If the
most
vigorously.
LESSON XXXV
REVIEW
151.
(B) Book I.
53, 54.
river.
across.
swam
if
he had not
(C) Book
III.
LATIN COMPOSITION
106
done, reported
as
if
quam celerrime.
as quickly as possible,
who.
scout,
as follows,
explorStor.
ita.
EXERCISES ON BOOK IV
152.
1.
In
Book IV. 1, 2.
2. One
hundred thousand
men of this tribe are in arms every year, and the rest
stay at home.
3.
4.
it is
the former,
illi.
Book
IV.
153.
3, 4.
LATIN COMPOSITION
108
8.
in vain, frustra.
154.
Book
In Gaul it is
IV.
from crossing,
79.
5-7.
And
counter
so
he demanded
would
155.
1.
be sent, 73. 2.
Book
Since
not give
IV. 8-10.
I can
them
lands.
2.
'
shall
4.
It
EXERCISES ON BOOK
IV
109
territories.
5.
6. Sav
cavalry was sent across the river to plunder.
age nations inhabit the islands which are formed by
7.
156.
Book
IV.
11, 12.
3. Caesar thought
alry who had been sent ahead.
he had done everything that could be done, in order
4.
no fear.
6.
until,
157.
120.
Book
IV.
13, 14.
provocation,
after they
to lead his
large number of
because they had used deceit the day before, and had
LATIN COMPOSITION
IIO
He ordered these
our men for a little time, but the rest, together with
the women and children, left the camp, and fled until
in = into.
Book
158.
IV.
15, 16.
4.
5.
The
7.
Book
Even
if
IV.
17, 18.
3.
work were now being done !
this bridge, the army could not have crossed.
4.
If
EXERCISES ON BOOK
IV
1 1 1
them kindly.
5.
8.
9.
He began
He will make
10.
peace
with them,
if
tages to him.
1
lead across,
160.
traduc (imperative).
to
build, 33.
but he had
1.
if
he wishes.
these regions
4.
He is permitted
5.
Those ships
LATIN COMPOSITION
112
1
6. He promised to return
quickly and re
cavalry.
7. The wind kept the
port what he discovered.
8. We
transport ships eight miles 2 from the harbor.
9.
We
to return.
162. Book
What tense
IV.
eight miles,
81.
23, 24.
1.
farther
harbor.
not deep.
4.
3.
5.
their weapons.
6. Caesar was wholly unacquainted
with this sea, and wished everything to be done on
time.
7. The barbarians, with all their limbs free,
could prevent our men from advancing.
163.
1.
2.
He
if
IV
EXERCISES ON BOOK
13
the
enemy
standard-bearer = eagle-bearer.
164.
Book
As soon
IV.
Note text.
27, 28.
as the hostages,
Although
good cause.
he complained
them,
he pardoned
their ignorance,
It
2.
He caused
on dry land.
3.
5.
LATIN COMPOSITION
114
6.
It
happened
so, tarn.
166.
1.
8.
Book
IV.
Sections 138-140.
32, 33.
2.
3.
It was
re
4.
If
the
5.
Do not
Book
Caesar
IV.
will
34, 35.
full
speed.
not be attacked
by the enemy.
2.
The barbarians
3.
4.
Caesar feared
5. They urged
that the same thing would happen.
the rest, who were in the fields, to depart.
6. Dis
IV
EXERCISES ON BOOK
115
camp.
days, 81.
168.
If
easily, facile.
from escaping,
Sections
79.
143-149.
if
he hastened
After finding
If
if
you do
with
to your assistance."
But after those who said this
saw that our cavalry were coming, they quickly turned
and fled.
INDEX
(The numbers refer to pages.)
Ablative, absolute,
35.
of accompaniment, 40.
of accordance, 52.
of agent, 10.
of cause, 81.
of comparison, 48'.
of degree of difference, 49.
of description, 94.
of manner, 52.
of means, 24.
of place where, 19.
of separation, 48.
of specification, 80.
of time, 57.
with adjectives, 135.
with opus, 135.
with prepositions, 32.
with utor, etc., 77.
with verbs of plenty and want,
annon, 14.
antequam, see priusquam, 79.
Apodosis, 100.
appello, 131.
Appositives, agreement of, 117.
Asking, verbs of, 43, 132.
audeo, 168.
autem,
131.
careo, 136.
nouns,
Collective
with, 140.
agreement
Commands, 96.
compleo, 136.
con, compounds of, 61.
Concessive clauses, 88.
Conditions, 100.
mixed, 102.
in indirect discourse,
136.
absum, 57.
accidit ut, 51.
Accusative, of extent, 57.
with compounds, 61.
object and predicate, 131.
person and thing, 132.
163.
of comparison, 157.
constat, 160.
constituo, 148, 168.
contentus, 135.
67.
178.
116.
credo, 59.
262
102,
INDEX
cupio, 40, 168.
euro, with gerundive,
fit ut,
173.
148, 168.
148.
deterred, 56.
dignus, 135, 146.
Dimension, 57.
125.
fruor, 77.
fungor, 77.
Future tense, 141.
163.
partitive,
177.
122.
27.
predicate, 123.
subjective, 122.
with adjectives, 89, 123.
with interest and refert, 126.
with verbs of feeling, 125.
with verbs of judicial action
125.
extremus,
126.
etsi, 88.
Exhortations,
51.
doceo, 132.
domus, 19.
263
96.
177.
56.
igitur, 178.
Imperative, 97.
Imperfect indicative, 140.
impero, with dative, 59.
impero ut, 39.
Impersonal use of verbs, 60, 69,
140.
Impersonal verbs,
166.
imus, 177.
in, with ablative or accusative,
32.
INDEX
264
125.
quidem,
179.
noli,
97.
num. 9,
16.
Obligation,
68, 71.
obliviscor, 125.
oportet, 72, 166.
opus est, 166.
opus, with ablative, 135.
Order of words, 177.
Ought, 72.
Participles,
131.
Periphrastic conjugations,
71.
132.
71.
36, 172.
medius, 177.
memini, 125.
Memory, verbs of, 125.
miseret, 125.
modo, with provisos, 159.
moneo, with two accusatives,
moneo ut, 39.
Must,
paenitet, 125.
168.
May, might,
-ne, 9, 16.
pared, 59.
pared, 59.
166.
ne
26.
maid, 40,
18.
in wishes, 97.
96.
permittd, 39.
persuaded, 39, 59.
peto ab, 132.
petd ut, 43.
Place constructions, 19.
placed, 59.
placet, 166.
possum, 168.
postquam, 76.
postuld ab, 132.
postuld ut, 43.
potior, 77.
praestat, 166.
Predicate nouns, 117.
Prepositions, position of,
67, 68
178.
INDEX
Prepositions with ablative,
Preventing, verbs of, 50.
Primary tenses, 14.
Prohibitions, 96.
Pronouns, demonstrative,
indefinite, 8.
interrogative, 8.
reliquus, 177.
Remembering, verbs of, 125.
resists, 59.
Restraining, verbs of, 50.
Result, relative clauses of, 151.
subjunctive of,
2.
personal, 1, 119.
possessive, 5, 0.
reflexive, 2, 3.
relative,
5, 116.
86.
propior,
Protasis, 100.
Provisos,
of purpose, 18.
of result, 151.
32.
primus, 177.
priusquam, 79.
prohibeo, 56.
265
I'S.
159.
proximus, 86.
Purpose, dative of, 98.
expressions of, 07, 170.
relative clauses of, 18.
subjunctive of,
similis,
18.
80, 123.
32.
indirect, 13.
in indirect discourse,
162.
quia, 85.
quidam, 27.
quin, 56.
quoad, 80.
quod, causal, 85.
quominus, 50.
quoniam, 85.
quoque, 178.
Subjunctive mood,
after verbs of doubting, 56.
after verbs of fearing, 44.
after verbs of hindering, etc.,
56.
deliberative or dubitative,
hortatory, 96.
'
refert, 126.
Reflexive, indirect, 2, 32.
Relative clauses,
of cause or concession, 140.
of characteristic,
143.
93,
146.
WDEX
266
18,
151.
sui,
2.
tamen, 88.
Temporal clauses,
19.
43.
Tenses, 140.
sequence of, 14.
Thinking, verbs of, 26.
51.
76.
While,
Wishes,
80.
97.
40.
39,
VOCABULAKY
Note. Regular verbs of the first conjugation are indicated by
the figure
1.
accuse, accuso,
1.
actively, acriter.
address, adloquor, I, locutus.
admit, confiteor, eri, fessus.
advance,
progredior,
gredi,
gressus.
ace
LATIN COMPOSITION
again, iterum.
against, in, ad, contra, preps.
with acc.
ago, ante.
be angry,
Irascor, I, Iratus,
with dat.
announce, niintio.
annul, rescinds,
1.
ere,
scidi,
mOvi,
mOtus.
approach, adpropinquO, 1.
means of approach, acces
(postpos.).
. . but also, non
also, quoque
aliqua,
aliquid
(quod) ; after si, nisi, ne,
quis, qua, quid (quod) ;
with negatives, quisquam,
quidquam (pron.) ; Alius,
a, um (adj.).
appeal to, imploro, 1.
appease, placo, 1.
Appian Way, via Appia, /.
aliquis,
sed etiam.
/.
ses. us, m.
approve, probo, 1.
arise, coorior, iri, ortus.
arm, armo, 1.
arms, anna, orum, n.
army, exercitus, us, m.
arouse, incito, 1 ; concitO, 1.
arrival, adventus, us, m.
arrive, pervenio, Ire, venl, ventum.
as, just as. ut, sicut, with indic.
as if, quasi, velutsi.
as soon as, sirnul atque.
as to, 134.
ask, request, rogO, 1 ( 64).
ask, interrogate, interrogo,
1.
VOCABULARY
quod
because,
125, 126.
because
li,
/.
onis,
assign, attribuo, ere, ul, filus.
assistance, auxilium,
n.
at, in with abl. ad with acc.
sign of locative case.
Atrebatian, Atrebas, atis, m.
/.
il,
gressus
lacessO,
il,
ivi or
Itus.
on the day before, pridie.
make an attack on, impe- beg, oro,
petO, ere, ivi or
itus,
1
;
ere,
it,
gredior,
i,
1
;
tequam.
attack (noun), impetus, us, m.
attack (verb), oppugno,
ad- before (prep.), ante, with acc.
64.
inf. is pass.
begin, incipio, ere (see began)
(of period of time), ineO,
Ire,
itus.
behalf, in behalf of, prO, prep.
with abl.
behind, post, prep. with acc.
Use the
ii,
l,
/.
1.
1.
levis, e.
battle, pugna, ae,
I,
II,
m.
li,
/.
;
baseless,
proelium,
n.
ful, futurus.
1.
li,
1.
barbarian, barbarus,
orum, n.
band (of men), manus, us,/.
banish, extermino,
banishment, exsilium,
n.
baggage, impedimenta,
adlatus.
cruor,
Oris, to.
of
LATIN COMPOSITION
/.
/.
1.
i,
1.
1.
1.
il,
/.
gestus.
cause
VOCABULARY
cavalry (noun), equitatus, us,
m. ; equites, utn, m.
centurion, centuriO, Onis, m.
certain (indef. pron.), quldam,
quaedam, quiddam.
certainly, certe.
Ire,
il,
redeO,
convenio,
together,
Ire, venl, ventus.
come to pass, fiO, fieri, faccome
tus.
come up, arise, coorior,
animO.
1.
Onis,
chief man,
princeps,
1.
ortus.
comfort, cOnsOior,
command, iubeo, ere, iussl,
iussus impero,
be in command, praesum,
esse, ful, futurus, with dat.
commander, imperator, Oris, m.
battle,
commence
proelium
committd ere, misl, missus.
commendation, commendatio,
;
esse,
Iri,
commit,
/.
chain, vinculum, I, n.
chance, occasio, Onis, /.
by chance, forte.
changeable, flexibilis, e.
charge, crimen, minis, n.
be in charge, praesum,
ful, futurus.
chief,
back,
itum.
come
/.
do,
facio,
ere,
feci,
/.
f.
actus.
cipis, mi.
common, communis, e.
children, puerl, Orum, m.
liberl,
common people, plebs, plem.
orum,
born),
(free
choose, lego, ere, legi, lectus ;
bis,
companion, socius, cl, m.
deligO, ere', legi, lectus.
Cicero, CicerO, onis, m.
company, comitatus, us, m.
citizen, civis, is, m.
grex, gregis,
(implying
city, urbs, urbis,
contempt).
claim (as an honor), vindicO, compare, compars,
1.
cOgO,
ere,
coegl,
co-
actus.
questus.
complain, queror,
concern, it concerns, interest,
esse, fuit.
concerning, de, prep. with abl.
condemn, condemnO,
1.
compel,
I,
1.
LATIN COMPOSITION
of things.
vincS,
ere, vicT, victus;
conquer,
sons, abl.
tus.
pressus.
II,
1.
IT,
II,
ii.
cOnsulO,
ere,
condemnO,
1 ;
council, concilium,
n.
council of war, consilium,
n.
counsel, advice, cOnsilium,
take counsel,
ui, sultum.
transgredior,
gressus.
crowd, multitude, dinis,
cruel, atrOx, Ocis.
crush, fiangO, ere, fregi, fractus oppriuio, ere, pressl,
ace.
/.
conspire, coniflrO, 1.
consul, cOnsul, is, m.
convict, damno,
/.
/.
exIstimO, 1.
consider, regard, habeO, ere,
habui, habitus.
conspiracy, coniuratiO, onis, /.
1 ;
ii,
puto,
T,
believe,
1.
cOnsi
/.
over,
1.
consider,
courageously, fortiter.
course, cursus, us, m.
court, quaestio, Onis,
special court, nova quaestio.
court of law, iudicium, cT, n.
cover, smear, oblinO, ere, lSvI,
litus.
covet, adamO, 1.
think
consider,
derO,
1.
ausus.
superO,
/.
/.
scidl, scissus.
cut off, intercludO, ere, clusi,
clusus.
VOCABULARY
cretus.
of the senate, senatus
consultum, l, n.
deed, factum, I, n.
res
achievements,
deeds,
gestae, rerum gestarum,/.
deep, altus, a, um.
deeply, penitus.
defeat, supers, 1.
defend, defendO, ere, fendi,
fensus.
defendant, reus, I, m.
defender, defensor, oris, m.
defense, defensio, onis, /.
delay, wait, moror, 1.
decree
deprived, careO,
ere, carui.
descendants, posterl, Oram, m.
ere,
desecrate,
polluO,
ui,
be
utus.
ii,
crevi,
deprive,
temptus.
despoil, spolio,
destroy, deleO, ere, evi, etus
stinxl,
exstinguo,
ere,
stinctus.
detain, teneO, ere, ui, tentus;
detineo, ere, ui, tentus.
determine, constituo, ere, ui,
ere,
cessi,
1.
decernO,
ere,
cessum.
1.
decree,
deny, nego, 1.
depart, discedO,
utus.
devise, cOgitO,
1,
li,
flixl,
adfllgO, ere,
damage,
flictus.
danger, periculum, I, n.
dangerous, periculosus, a, um.
dare, audeo, ere, ausus.
LATIN COMPOSITION
il,
disregard,
neglegO,
lexi,
ere,
lectus.
disturb, commoveo,
ere, mOvl,
perturbo,
divide, dlvido, ere, visi, vlsus.
divine, divinus, a, urn.
do, facia, ere, feci, factus.
be done, happen, fio, fieri,
factus.
be done, go on, pass. of gero,
mOtus
1.
I,
i,
/.
/.
1.
/.
VOCABULARY
engine of war, tormentum,
n.
fructus.
enjoy, fruor,
each (of any number), quis- enlist, enroll, conscribO, ere,
que, quaeque, quidque and
scripsi, scriptus.
quodque.
enough (adv. and indecl. noun),
urn,
satis.
eager, cupidus, a,
entreat, adpello,
eagle, aquila, ae, /.
orO,
eagle-bearer, aquilifer, eri, entreaty, rogatus, us, to.
m.
entrust, permitt5, ere, misi,
1
;
1.
I,
I,
missus.
easily, facile,
easy, facilis, e.
TO.
1.
elections,
n.
comitia,
everything,
omnia,
omnes
res.
1.
/.
1.
ii,
encourage, hortor,
end, finis, is, m.
each end, utraque pars, utriusque partis,
endless, sempiternus, a, um.
endurable, tolerabilis, e.
endure, fero, ferr.e, tali, latus.
ui,
become
I,
especially, potissimum.
establish, constituo, ere,
fltus.
Orum,
idem, eadem,
...
election,
to.
idem,
creO,
I,
envoy, legatus,
equal, par, paris
LATIN COMPOSITION
IO
evil, malum, I, n.
far, longe.
far and near, longe lateque.
I,
so far, adhuc.
m.
farm, fundus,
farther, ulterior, ius.
fasten, be fastened
pugna,
ae,
/.;
n.
con
falsely, false,
haereO,
proelium,
XV.
I,
ia
on,
fight (noun),
11,
/.
fall
e.
singularis,
m.
/.
1.
1.
1
;
n.
ere, haesi,
i,
II,
i,
1.
favor, probo,
in favor of, pr5, prep, with
examination, quaestio, Onis,/.
except, praeter, prep, with ace. ;
abl.
nisi (con;.),
favorable, secundus, a, um.
inter
se
dare
exchange,
(do, fear (noun), timor, Oris, m.
dare, dedi, datus).
metus, us, m.
exclude, secernO, ere, crevl, fear (verb), timeO, Sre, timui
cretus.
metuO, ere, ui, utus.
excuse, purgo, 1.
feel, sentiO, ire, sensi, sensus.
exercise, exercitatio, Onis,/.
feeling, sensus, us, m.
exile, place of exile, exsilium,
m.
feelings, animus,
fectus.
II
VOCABULARY
at first, primS.
in the first place, prlmum.
ae,/.
n.
forum, forum,
four, quattuor, IIII.
free, liber, era, erum.
free, unencumbered,
dites, a, um.
free, set free, libera,
freedom, libertas, tatis,
expe
/.
1.
I,
furores, um,
frenzied attacks,
HI.
friend, amicus,
m.
foe, see enemy,
friendship, amicitia, ae,
follow, sequor, I, secutus ; In- frighten, terreo, ere, ui, itus.
from, sign of abl. case; a or
sequor.
foolish, still t us. a, um.
or ex, de, preps. with
ab,
abl.
foot, pes, pedis, m.
on foot, pedibus.
front, frOns, frontis,/.
for (conj.), nam, enim (postin front of, pro, prep, with
ante, prep, with ace.
abl.
pos.)
for, in behalf of, prO, prep. full, plenus, a, um.
funeral pyre, pyra, ae,
with abl.
for, toward, in, prep, with ace.;
/.
/.
I,
I,
61.
/.
ii,
/.
LATW COMPOSITION"
Itus.
or
guilty, nocens, entis.
comprove guilty, coarguo, ere,
il,
12
res frflmenrel
taria,
frumentariae,
gratitude, gratia, ae,
great, magnus, a, um.
greatly, magnopere.
grief, dolor, oris, m.
/.
/.
grain supply,
luctus,
us, m.
expressed.
II,
n.
odi6 sum.
hatred, odium, dl, n.
have, habeO, ere, ui, itus.
have in mind, propOnO, ere,
posui, positus, with reflex.
105.
have to,
Usually not
he, is, hie, ille.
il,
I,
1.
I,
il,
II,
il,
/.
/.
VOCABULARY
/.
i,
um.
multi, ae, a.
how much, quantus, a, um
n.
as subst., quantum,
how often, quotiens.
however (adv.), quamvls.
however (conj.), autem (post-
hoc.
/.
13
pos.).
sui
human,
humanus, a, um.
(intensive) ;
hundred, centum, C.
(reflexive).
hurl, conicio, ere, iecl, iectus.
hinder, impedio, ire, Ivi or
Itus.
hurry (intrans.), contendo,
proere, tendi, tentus
hire, conducO, ere, duxi, ductus.
ipse
perO,
1.
il,
himself,
gestus.
a
Usually not ex
if, si.
1.
f.
if not, nisi.
if only, dum
it (in
modo.
indirect
questions),
num, -ne.
but
quod
(after an
other condition), sin.
ignorant, ignarus, a, um.
illustrious, clarus, a, um.
ill will, odium, di, n.
imaginary, fictus, a, um.
immortal, immortalis, e.
si
at home, domi.
i,
ego, met.
pressed.
/.
I,
if,
(of
188).
intimate
friend,
in.
investigate
spiciO,
perspec-
tus.
/.
ductus.
familiaris,
/.
1.
il,
is,
import, importO, 1.
importance, it is of importance,
refert.
important, gravis, e.
impunity, impflnitas, tatis, /.
with impunity, impune.
in, in, prep. with abl.
incite, sollicito, 1.
it
LATIN COMPOSITION
14
1.
/.
I,
/.
1.
1.
II,
ii,
VOCABULARY
tentus.
kill, interficio,
killing,
caedes, is,
/.
tus;
cessurus,
ere,
followed
cessl,
by
138.
ab
with abl.
legion, legio, onis, /.
less, minor (us), minOris.
let,
discedO,
little while,
il,
15
breve tempus,
oris, n.
for a little while, paulisper.
live, vivo, ere, vlxl, vlctus.
LATIN COMPOSITION
16
1.
M
mad, furiosus, a, um.
madness, furor, Oris, m.
tia, ae, /.
amen
inii, initus.
make war, bellum faciO, or
bellum inferO, inferre, intull, inlatus, both with
dat.
viri, m.
men, soldiers, milites, um, m.
a man who, is qui.
many, multi, ae, a ; complures,
a
(or ia).
master, dominus, i, m.
material, materia, ae, /.
matter, res, rei, /.
meet, (trans.) convenio, ire,
veni, ventus, with ace. ;
occurrO,
ere, curri, cursurus, with dat.
mention, nomino, 1.
mercy, misericordia, ae,/.
mere, ipse, a, um.
message, nuntius, ti, .
messenger, nuntius, ti, m.
Meuse, Mosa, ae, /.
miles, milia passuum.
military matters, res militaris,
rei militaris, /.
Milo, MilO, 5nis, m.
mind, mens, mentis, /. ; ani
mus, i, m.
have in mind, propono, ere.
posui, positus, with dat. of
reflexive.
/.
moved, disturbed,
commdtus,
a, um.
VOCABULARY
much (adv.), multum ; in com
parisons, raulto.
too much, nimium.
mud, latum, I, n.
mallet, nifillus. l, m.
multitude, multitudO, inis, /.
murder (noun), caedes, is,/.
murder (verb), trucidO, 1.
must, see 105.
N
name (noun), nomen, inis, n.
name (verb), nomino, 1.
/.
/.
now,
at
the
present time,
nunc ; by this time, iam.
number, numerus, i, m.
See 105.
neglect,
17
ere,
lexl,
lectus.
neighbor, finitimus, 1, m.
neither . . . nor, neque
neque; nee . . . nee.
never, numquam.
nevertheless, tamen.
new, novus, a, um.
news, nuntius, tl, to.
once,
at once, statirn.
LATIN COMPOSITION"
IS
one, unus, a, um.
one .
overthrow,
another, alius
alius.
sus.
sl, pressus.
oppress,
premo,
ere,
pressl,
o/ipse.
pack-animal, iumentum, i, n.
pain, dolor, oris, m.
pardon, ignOsco, ere, novl, notus.
parricide,
pressus.
parricida,
m.
ae,
and/.
part, pars, partis, /.
party, pars, partis, /.
pass judgment, iiidico, 1.
patriotic, amans rei publicae.
peace, pax, pacis, /.
people, populus, I, m.
their people
(reflex.),
siu,
suorum.
perceive, perspicio, ere, spexi,
spectus.
remaining,
perform,
perfungor,
fungi,
functus.
perhaps, fortasse ; forte,
I,
/.
II,
VOCABULARY
19
constituo, ere,
/.
1.
of
previous,
ambuscade,
insidiae,
arum.
with
plot against, Insidior,
1,
plot,
superior, ius
um.
private, privatus,
privilege, give the privilege,
potestatem
i,
n.
profit, emolumentum,
prolong, producO, ere, dflxl,
ductus.
/.
1.
1.
facio.
tions),
fero,
ferre,
tull,
latus.
dat.
prior,
us.
a,
1.
delectO,
n.
1.
pretend, simulo,
Il,
plainly, plane.
plan (noun), csnsilium,
plan, arrange,
ul, utus.
pressus.
/.
plague, pestis,
is,
1
;
1.
/.
/.
/.
protection,
praesidium, di, n.
20
LATIN COMPOSITION
prove, probo, 1.
prove guilty, coarguo, ere,
ui, titus.
provided, provided that, dum.
229.
province, prOvincia, ae, /.
make
provision,
provision,
provideO, Pre, vidi. vlsus.
without provo
provocation,
cation, ultro.
public, pflblicus, a, um.
public assembly, contio, Onis, /.
public welfare, rOs publica,
rel publicae, /.
punish, punio, ire, Ivi, Itus ;
I,
1 ;
ulciscor,
vindico,
qua
de
causii.
quickly, celeriter.
quietly, stay quietly, quiSscO,
ere, quievi, etus.
raise, excito, 1.
rampart, vallum, I, n.
/.
VOCABULARY
repeatedly, saepe.
paenitet,
repent,
ere,
uit.
Rhine, Rhenus,
m.
right (adj.), fair, aequus,
I,
21
a,
um.
right (in
sight of the
ere, spondi,
gods), fas, n.,indecl. noun.
rightly, iure recte.
spOnsus.
risk, periculum,
report, nuntio, 1.
n.
river, flumen, inis, n.
report back, renuntio, 1.
res
rei
publica,
pu- road, via, ae, /.; iter, itineris,
republic,
blicae, /.
n.
robber, latro, Onis, m.
reputation, opiniO, Onis, /.
imRoman, ROmanus, a, um.
request, obtain a request,
Rome, Roma, ae,/.
petrO, 1.
rostra, rostra, orum, n.
reserve, reservO, 1.
rule,
rego, ere, rexi, rectus.
resist, resistO, ere, stiti, with
rumor, rumor, oris, m.
dat.
rest of, remaining, reliquus, a.
um.
restore, restituO, ere, ui, Qtus ; sacred, sanctus, a, um.
saddle, ephippium, pi, n.
reddO, ere, didi, ditus.
with a saddle,
restrain, retineO, ere, ui, tenprovided
tus ; prohibeo, ere, ui, itus ;
ephippiatus, a, um.
tutus, a,
reprimO, ere, pressi, pres- safe, incolumis,
sus.
um.
translate when
result, exitus, us, m.
safely, tutO
retinue, comitatus, us, m.
possible by adj. safe.
retreat (noun), receptus, us, m. safety, salus, fitis,
retreat (verb), recipiO,
ere, sail (verb), navigO,
sake, for the sake of, causa,
cepi, ceptus, with reflexive.
following its gen.
return (noun), reditus, us, m.
return, give back, reddo, ere, same, Idem, eadem, idem.
didi, ditus.
satisfy, expleo, ere, evi, etus.
return, go back, redeo, Ire,
savage, ferus, a, um.
revcrsus, save, conservo,
ittun revertor,
saved, salvus, a, um.
in return for, pro with abl.
revolt, tumultus, us, m.
savior, cOnservator, oris, m.
reward,
praemium, ml, n.; say, dicO, ere, dixi, dictus.
sea, mare, is, n.
fructus, us, in.
the
1.
I,
il,
1.
/.
e
;
I,
186.
reply, respondeO,
LAT/JV COMPOSITION
22
Ora
maritima,
orae
Hiaritimae, /.
secure (adj.), tutus, a, um.
secure (verb), cOnsequor,
I,
sectitus ; conciliO, 1 ; nanciscor, i, nactus.
see, see to it, videO, ere, vldl,
(down),
cOnsido,
ere,
comprehendO,
If emphatic,
um
if
reflexive,
dimitto,
serious, gravis, e.
servant, servus, I, m.
service, officium, cl, n.; meritum, i, n.
service, be of service, prosum, prOdesse, prOfui, profuturus.
short, brevis, e.
should, 106, 2.3.
shout, shouting, clamor, oris,
m.
show,
ostendO,
indicO,
1 ;
di, tus ;
doceO, ere, ui,
ere,
doctus.
li,
1 ;
shrewdness, cOnsilium,
n.
shrine, sacrarium, rl, n.
shudder, perhorresco, ere, horrul.
sight, cOnspectus, us, m.
since, cum, with subj.
quoniam, with indic.
sister, soror, Oris,
seize, occupo,
situation,
locus,
m.
(il), Itus.
ent
(is).
settle
/.
(il), itus.
ipse,
census.
sedi, sessurus.
Ivt
ere, cendl,
I,
visus.
plu.
loca, orum, n.
i, I,
seacoast,
VOCABULARY
so (with adjs. and advs.), tam
(with verbs), ita, sic.
speed, celeritas,
23
atis,/
a.
tantum,
so often, totiens.
butus.
aliquis, aliquid.
. . . others, alii . . . alii,
some in one direction, others
in another, alii aliam in
some
partem,
there are
some
who,
sunt
qui.
(adv.), with numerals,
circiter.
sometimes, non numquam.
soon, mox ; brevi tempore.
as soon as, simul atque.
sort, genus, eris, re.
of this sort, eius modi,
some
1.
/.
quietly,
quiescO,
ere,
quievT, etus.
still, never
theless, tamen.
ere,
/.
LATIN COMPOSITION'
24
subject,
offero,
ferre,
obtull,
oblatus.
territory,
territories,
ager,
ere,
take, bear,
latus.
ferO,
ferre,
toll,
VOCABULARY
their, suus,
a,
um
(reflex.');
eorum.
then, at that time, turn.
then, therefore, igitur (usu
ally postpositive).
there, in that place, ibi.
therefore, itaque.
1 ;
1.
sSnsus.
ae,/.
ere,
25
positus, with
dat.
of reflex.
this, hie, haec, hoc.
though, cum ; quamquam.
thought, cOgitatio, onis, /.
thousand, mille (indecl. adj.).
a thousand times, milieus.
thousands, milia, ium, n.
partitive
by
( followed
gen.).
threaten, minitor, 1 ; impendeo, ere ; immineo, Sre ;
all with dat.
/transfer, transfero, ferre, tuli,
threats, minae, arum, /.
latus.
three, tres, ia.
a period of three days, tri- transport, onerarius, a, um.
travel, eo, ire, ii (ivi), itum.
duum, I, n.
three hundred, trecenti, ae, treachery, Insidiae, arum,/.
trial, iudicium, ci, n.
a.
tribe, gens, gentis, /.
through, per, prep. with acc.
throw, iaciO, ere, ieci, iactus ; tribune, tribunus, I, m.
tribune of the people, tribu
conicio, ere, ieci, iectus.
nus plebis.
throw back, reicio, ere, ieci,
iectus.
tributary, vectigalis, e.
LATIN COMPOSITION
26
use
of use, usui.
use, make use of, in or, i, usus.
useful, Qtilis, e.
usual, tisitatus, a, um.
versus.
twelve, duodecim
two, duo, ae, o.
XII.
unacquainted,
imperitus,
a,
um, with gen.
unbelievable, incredibilis, e.
uncertain, incertus, a, um.
uncle, avunculus, I, m.
uncovered, nfldus, a, um.
understand, intellego, ere, lexi,
lectus.
undertake,
suscipiO,
ere, cepi,
ceptus.
vacant,
W
wait, delay, moror, 1.
wait for, exspectO, 1.
VOCABULARY
27
wickedly, nefaris.
sustuli, sublatus.
weighty, gravis, e.
welfare, salus, fltis, /.
public welfare, res publica,
rel publioae.
well-disposed, studiosus, a, urn.
what (inter. pro.), quid; (inter.
adj.), qui, quae, quod.
1.
winter
quarters,
hlberna,
orum, n.
what great, how great, quan- wisdom, consilium,
n.
tus, a, urn.
wish, volO, velle, volui.
not
whatever, quidquid.
wish,
nolo,
nolle.
what sort of, qualis, e.
nOlui.
when, cum ; ubi.
with, cum, prep. with abl.
where (place in which), ubi ; with, near, apud, prep. with
acc.
(place to which), quo.
withdraw,
wherever, whithersoever, quOgo away, discedo,
II,
(ea) quae.
curaque.
whether,
27, 29.
1.
/.
i,
1
;
I,
/.
28
LATIN COMPOSITION
year, annus, I, m.
every year, quotannis.
yesterday, hesterno, dig.
yet, tamen.
and yet, quamquam.
Z
zeal, studium, di, n.
LATIN
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