Business Ethics Governance & Risk Assignment

Answer 1- Ethics is a moral philosophy that guides individual to decide what is right or what is
wrong and what comprises desirable behavior in a particular set of social circumstances. In an
organization, the ethics are implemented in order to deal with problems in a business
environment. Since Arantia International Services prides itself on hiring minorities, it clearly
states that it follows business ethics and has unity in diversity. To ensure the selection of
diverse talent, hiring the Asian candidate would prove to be a right decision. Language
discrimination is always an unfair treatment of an individual. Every person has his/her own
native language and a certain way of speech, mother tongue influence, vocabulary and rate of
speech. Every individual learns the speech from its community and the way a person speaks
comes naturally because of the certain environment s/he lives in. language discrimination is
mostly based on the style of speech used by an individual rather than the way he looks.
The strategy I would apply to decide and justify to my boss regarding the candidate hiring is by
listing and then evaluating most likely courses of action. There will most likely be two or more
possible ways you could act, and choosing the right one is often not easy. An employer should
aim for a fair process that focuses on each candidates ability to perform the essential job
duties. A best practice is to have a multi-person panel conduct formal interviews. Ideally, the
interview panel should reflect the diversity available in the organization. They should develop
set questions in advance. The questions should be based on the jobs essential duties and bona
fide requirements.
The following questions can help guide your decision-making:
1. Which action will cause more good than harm to all the stakeholders?
2. Which action treats everyone with dignity and respect and upholds the candidates
rights?
3. Which is fair and satisfies your duties?
4. Which is best for the organization as a whole?
5. Which decision will best advance the values of your organization?
Then I would decide and make sure my decision would not tarnish my integrity.
Whose interests am I satisfying and why?
Does my reasoning stand up?
As one can always talk over an ethical decision with someone you trust and can confide in. So I
would discuss this with my colleague who is well aware of the situation.
Would someone be hurt by my decision?
Would someone who was hurt by the decision at least understand your reasoning?
After I have selected the candidate, the first thing which arises in my mind is how I would
explain and justify your decision to my boss. So the positive side of my decision is that it would
be better for the organization. The most important part in my decision is to prepare an analysis
showing how the department will improve on productivity with an Asian candidate with a

limited command on English. We need to understand that markets expand globally to

understand and reach out to the individual needs of people from other cultures and regions. It
is paramount. Companys key advantage is recruiting multicultural, talented, and trained
employee base. This should be the largest part before writing the new hire justification. As the
organization will be known as viable place to work. This step will encourage the possibilities for
other talented people belonging to the minority section to apply in this organization and help
the company to achieve new heights.
Answer 2- An organization designs its expense and reimbursement policy according to their
business. There are some rules and regulations defined by the company regarding the
reimbursement expense policy which every employee of the company should follow when
fulfilling the expenses.
Since the visit of customer executive from Southeast Asia seems to be a sales trip, there are
various ways the company can reimburse the sales expenses according to the business ethics of
the company. A business ethics is the type of rule policy that defines the business rules and
regulations. These rules check the ethical business principles or any other moral ethical
business problems that can occur in a business environment. To avoid such type of problems,
the company should need to follow some process for reimbursement expense. If the process is
executed properly then it brings glory but if not then it will get the company into limelight for
the wrong reasons. Here are some methods that the company can adopt for an effective
procedure of sales expense reimbursement. They are as follows:
1) Reimbursement policy should be a helpful guideline to explain what employees can and cant
claim on expenses to make it easy for everyone to read and understand. Keep the rules
simple, and people will be more likely to remember them and follow them. They even try to
skip from such complexity during processing. An organization should always try to implement a
robust and quick taking steps of processing expenses that enhances the company governance.
2) Expense system can be automated by company to enhance the process. This automation can
reduce the cost of near about 3 to 4 employee that handles corporate expense policies,
government policies, clients billable policies and so on. Employees need to be able to claim
reasonable business expenses. For example, business travelers shouldnt have to spend hours
searching for a hotel thats under the limit or feel put-out because they cant have a cup of tea
or a sandwich while off site.
3) The company creates a policy according to the economic assets of the company. The policy
include genuine expenses and not include personal expenses. Any visiting client should not
have the trouble to read and go through the long pages. It is important for the policy to be crisp
and clear. The company also has to update it regularly according to the current trends of the
market.
4) The company should design and use an accountable plan for the expenses policy that follows
some rules. Like it should include a business connection where deductible expenses should be

defined. Include some rules for overpayment to clients or employees and in case if
overpayment is done then the respective customer should have to return the expenses. Also
the expenses should be filed within a certain period of time, example 1 month or 3 months
from date of expenditure.
At times it is also possible that the company or their associated staff will violate the business
ethics pertaining to the reimbursement expense policy. These business ethics defines what is
acceptable and what is not while serving in the company. Violations against any business ethics
may harm the company whether it is done by anyone in the company. The company may take
some actions who violate the business ethics of the company. An organization can consider
giving managers extra training on the policy and how to apply it or put a system in place that
can reject claims on behalf of those approving claims so the rejections dont feel personal. We
could also put a system in place that flags anything thats out-of-policy before individuals can
actually submit a claim and give them a chance to comment if theres a valid business reason.
If the employee is making expense for the client but using his self or herself then the company
can warn him or her. If it is repeated then the employee should be terminated. As termination
is not a good practice. Avoid termination of the employee and report it to the police.
The organization should read and follow the book which comprises of the ethics & rules of the
expense policy and act accordingly and take the next steps keeping in mind the organizations
reputation.

a. What motives would the company have to install the new technology that Monica can use to
convince her seniors? (5 marks)
b. What motives would the company have to delay installing the new technology?
(5 marks)
Answer 3a) Monica Philip is the environmental compliance manager for a small plastics
manufacturing company. As an environmental compliance manager she has to inspect
industrial sites and investigate sources of pollution to protect local communities and ensure
that companies comply with federal and state environmental laws, as well as local regulations
on pollution, Everyone knows that a plastic manufacturing factory will emit a lot of harmful
wastage that is dangerous to the environment and the whole ecological system surrounding it.
Fast moving lifestyles require easily disposable products, such as soda cans or bottles of water,
but the accumulation of these products has led to increasing amounts of plastic pollution
around the world. As plastic is composed of major toxic pollutants, it has the potential to cause
great harm to the environment in the form of air, water and land pollution. Plastic pollution is
when plastic has gathered in an area and has begun to negatively impact the natural
environment and create problems for plants, wildlife and even human population. Often this
includes killing plant life and posing dangers to local animals. It is also made from toxic

compounds known to cause illness, and because it is meant for durability, it is not
biodegradable.
It is a well-known fact that plastic doesnt break down easily, recycling plastic means that it is
still plastic, just being used for a different purpose. Therefore, youre not actually reducing
plastic amounts or exposure, even in the recycling process.
She can put some of following motives that will highlight the importance of the new technology
in front of her seniors:
1) Monika can also put the information about reduced environmental effects using the new
technology in the factory. Due to the upcoming problem of water pollution, recent attention
has been focused on the development of more effective, lower-cost, robust methods for
wastewater treatment, without further stressing the environment or endangering human
health by the treatment itself. Extensive studies have been undertaken to find economically
feasible alternatives for water and wastewater treatment. A number of methods such as
coagulation, membrane process, adsorption, dialysis, foam flotation, osmosis, photo catalytic
degradation and biological methods have been used for the removal of toxic pollutants from
water and wastewater.
2) As investment in water efficiency saves money. Monika can also present this as one of the
motives for implementing new technology. This is particularly the case in those areas of the
world where problems of water scarcity and pollution are most acute. In most regions water
efficiency has, or will become, an important measure of a companys economic performance. A
high level of water efficiency is essential, not only to ensure sufficient water resources for
production processes but also in keeping production economically viable, limiting as far as
possible the economic impact of rising water rates and wastewater discharge fees.
3) It is a plastic manufacturing company that uses some toxin in the factory and the waste
water that flows out into a lake is harming the fishes in the lake. This water is also unsafe for
consumption of human beings that are living near the lake. An important argument for
improving water efficiency and wastewater treatment in food and beverage companies is that
to increase their production capacity without exceeding legal restrictions on water supply or
wastewater discharge. More advanced technologies for treatment and reuse of wastewater
may also be beneficial since wastewater contains several valuable substances that can be used
for instance in energy production and nutrition recovery.
4) Energy efficient wastewater treatment satisfies legal demands. So the companies make sure
that they are in production after fulfilling the legal requirements. Therefore, companies may
not be allowed to continue their production at the current pace if sufficient wastewater
treatment cannot be assured. Thus, there is an urgent need for efficient wastewater treatment
technologies to reduce pollution and reuse wastewater. Many companies have faced tough
legal regulations for decades and have thus developed advanced energy efficient technologies

for wastewater treatment within their own industrial processes, as well as systems for
controlling and measuring wastewater discharge to municipal sewerage systems.

Answer 3b): The company may put some of the following motives to delay the installing the
new technology in the factory:
1) One of the very common motive the company can give is that not proper availability of the
resources like funds which is most important and is required for the installation of the new
technology in the factory. They might also say that their environmental compliance budget is
too tight. If they think to install it then it happens that their budget becomes over-budget. This
over-budget may increase their financial burden. If the company does not earn a profit then it
will also increase the financial burden to the company. However, as the water pollution is
increasing day by day. The implementation of technology should be done at priority.
2) The other very common motive which companies tend to present in front of officials is
complexity of the new technology. There are often so many inter-dependencies that even a
small change has downstream impacts that must be considered. Introducing new technology
into these environments is seldom a trivial exercise. Its also a reason why so many decisionmakers prefer single-vendor stacks. Sure, standards have improved the situation immensely,
but were still a far distance from a place where customization isnt required.
3) The company may also put a motive that they have not sufficient time and effort for the
installation of the new technology. When they put this motive in front of the government or
any environment safety committee then no one can force them to install it. The new
installation needs time. It is not possible to purchase and install it like a computer game. The
required technology used in the factory is very big & complex and take lots of time for proper
establishment and working.
4) Politics can also be one of the very prevalent motive due to which the organizations might
not want to implement the new technology. Negative organizational politics can hinder IT
innovation. There is considerable value to the skill in those that can navigate within those
constraints and turn them into a positive outcome. These organizational constraints are
presented not to suggest that new technology seldom gets introduced to the enterprise. Of
course it does. The real effect of these limitations is that they slow the rate of introduction at a
time when organizations face real consequences if they dont innovate fast enough.
5) The last motive is that the company can use is that their factory is emitting energy according
to the environment rules and regulation. And is under legal limits & causing no harm. The
reports can forged and the officials can be bribed in order to stay away from all the fuss.