Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Contents
Drilling history
Types of rotary rig
Drilling companies
Drilling crews
Drilling systems & rig components
Drilling operations
Assoc. Prof. Abdul Razak Ismail, UTM
Drilling History
347 AD Earliest known oil wells are drilled in
China up to 800 feet deep using bits attached to
bamboo poles
1264 Mining of seep oil in medieval Persia witnessed
by Marco Polo on his travels through Baku.
1594 Oil wells are hand dug at Baku, Persia up to 35
meters (115 feet) deep.
1745 AD First oil well drilled in France
1810 AD First salt drilling in Germany.
1814 AD Cumberland Kentucky first USA oil well.
1825 AD First cable tool drilling in Europe.
Assoc. Prof. Abdul Razak Ismail, UTM
1854 First oil wells in Europe are drilled 30- to 50meters deep at Bbrka, Poland by Ignacy
Lukasiewicz.
1858 AD In Ontario, Canada, James Miller William
the first to drill oil well in North America
1859 First oil well in United States is drilled 69 feet
deep at Titusville, Pennsylvania by Colonel Edwin
Drake
1901- Completion of the Spindletop, Texas
1908 - First rock bit used.
1929 First horizontal well
1933 Tricone bit introduced & patented
1955 First drill ship
Assoc. Prof. Abdul Razak Ismail, UTM
ONSHORE
PORTABLE
OFFSHORE
BARGE
FIXED
FLOATING
CONVENTIONAL
TENSION LEG
PLATFORM
CONVENTIONAL
FIXED PLATFORM
CONCRETE GRAVITY
STRUCTURE
JACK-UP
COMPLIANT
TOWER
SPAR
DRILL SHIP
BARGE/
TENDER
ASSISTED
SEMISUBMERSIBLE
Land rigs
Offshore rigs
10
11
11
Drilling
companies
Operator
company
Drilling
contractors
Supplier
and service
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15
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Drilling
Personnel
Company Man
(representative of the oil
company)
Crews:
- Drilling Engineer
- Mud engineer
- Wellsite Geologist
- Drilling Supervisor
- Drilling Representative
Drilling Contractor
(company that owns
and operates a drilling)
rig)
Crews:
- Tool Pusher
- Driller
- Mud Logger
- Derrickman
- Roughneck
- Roustabout
- Motorman
- Rig Mechanic
- Rig Electrician
Assoc. Prof. Abdul Razak Ismail, UTM
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18
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2.
3.
Drilling Line
4.
Monkeyboard
5.
Traveling Block
26. Annulus
6.
Top Drive
27. Brake
7.
Mast
46. Mousehole
8.
Drill Pipe
29. Cathead
9.
Doghouse
30. Catwalk
31. Cellar
49. Rathole
33. Degasser
34. Desander
52. Slips
35. Desilter
36. Drawworks
54. Stairways
55. Standpipe
57. Substructure
40. Elevators
58. Swivel
59. Tongs
42. Hook
60. Walkways
43. Kelly
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20
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Power system
Hoisting system
Rotating system
Circulation system
Well control system
Auxiliary equipment
22
Fuel Tank
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24
Hoisting System
25
Mast
26
27
Pipe Ramp
Catwalk
Rotating System
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29
Drill Pipe
Drill Collars
30
Drill Bit
Core bits
31
Insert bits
32
Cathead
33
Traveling Block
An arrangement of pulleys or
sheaves through which
drilling cable is reeved,
which moves up or down in
the derrick or mast.
Hook
A large, hook-shaped device
from which the elevator bails or
the swivel is suspended. It is
designed to carry maximum
loads ranging from 100 to 650
tons and turns on bearings in its
supporting housing.
Kelly
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35
Kelly Bushing
Kelly Spinner
36
Top Drive
The top drive rotates the drill string end bit without the use of a kelly and
rotary table. The top drive is operated from a control console on the rig floor.
Assoc. Prof. Abdul Razak Ismail, UTM
37
Drawworks
38
Monkeyboard
Spinning Chain
39
A relatively short length of chain attached to the tong pull chain on the manual tongs used
to make up drill pipe. The spinning chain is attached to the pull chain so that a crew
member can wrap the spinning chain several times around the tool joint box of a joint of
drill pipe suspended in the rotary table. After crew members stab the pin of another tool
joint into the box end, one of them then grasps the end of the spinning chain and with a
rapid upward motion of the wrist "throws the spinning chain"that is, causes it to unwrap
from the box and coil upward onto the body of the joint stabbed into the box. The driller
then actuates the makeup cathead to pull the chain off of the pipe body, which causes the
pipe to spin and thus the pin threads to spin into the box.
Assoc. Prof. Abdul Razak Ismail, UTM
40
Rotary Table
41
Slips
Wedge-shaped pieces of metal with teeth
or other gripping elements that are used
to prevent pipe from slipping down into
the hole or to hold pipe in place. Rotary
slips fit around the drill pipe and wedge
against the master bushing to support the
pipe. Power slips are pneumatically or
hydraulically actuated devices that allow
the crew to dispense with the manual
handling of slips when making a
connection. Packers and other down hole
equipment are secured in position by slips
that engage the pipe by action directed at
the surface.
Assoc. Prof. Abdul Razak Ismail, UTM
42
Hydraulic Slips
Hydraulic operated power slip which is equipped with replaceable slips and
insert carriers to handle various styles and sizes of tubular. They can handle
casing, drill pipe and drill collars and tubing. They are used in combination
with the Rotary Support Table (RST).
The centering device centres the pipe prior to setting the slips, when the pipe is
hard to one side due to rig movements (floaters) or heavy directional drilling.
In the centering device, a ram guide in each top cover half pushes the pipe to
the center. This happens before the slip cylinders are actuated. These centring
rams guides operate in an automatic sequence with the slips.
Assoc. Prof. Abdul Razak Ismail, UTM
Drillers Console
Doghouse
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44
Elevators
45
Tongs
46
Circulating
System
47
47
Shale Shaker
Mud cleaner
Desander
Desilter
Centrifuge
Degasser
Mud Gas Separator
Centrifugal pump
Assoc. Prof. Abdul Razak Ismail, UTM
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Standpipe
49
Rotary Hose
50
Swivel
A rotary tool that is hung from
the rotary hook and traveling
block to:
a. Supports/suspends the
weight of the kelly and
drill string
b. Permits free rotation of the
kelly and drill string
c. Provides a connection for
the rotary hose (pressuretight seal) and a
passageway for the
drilling fluid to be pumped
down inside the drill string
Assoc. Prof. Abdul Razak Ismail, UTM
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52
Water Tank
53
Mud Pump
A large reciprocating
pump used to circulate
the mud (drilling fluid)
on a drilling rig.
Reserve Pit
54
55
Shale Shakers
Mud-Gas Separator
Degasser
56
57
58
Blowout Preventer
59
60
Accumulator
61
Choke Manifold
62
Annulus
The space around a
pipe in a well bore,
the outer wall of
which may be the
wall of either the bore
hole or the casing;
sometimes termed the
annular space.
63
Casing Head
A heavy, flanged steel
fitting connected to the
first string of casing. It
provides a housing for
slips and packing
assemblies, allows
suspension of
intermediate and
production strings of
casing, and supplies the
means for the annulus to
be sealed off. Also called
a spool.
Assoc. Prof. Abdul Razak Ismail, UTM
64
Conductor Pipe
65
Surface Casing
Mousehole
66
Rathole
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Drilling operation
The two main tasks in drilling a well are:
Connection
Tripping
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Connection
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Tripping
70
Iron Roughneck
71
Iron roughnecks clamp the bottom pipe, providing torque, while a spinning or
rotary wrench turns the top pipe. Thirty-foot sections of drill pipe have one
female end (or tool joint) with inside threads, or a "box," and one male tool
joint with outside threads, or a "pin." Pipe is strung together by twisting the box
and pin pieces together.
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Manual Drilling
Systems
Increases the drilling rate
More workers are needed
Reduces costs
Higher costs
More safe