Operation Research

Assignment 02
Note : Make a group of at the most 4 students for data collection only. The
analysis of data should be done independently.
Topic: Queuing Theory
1. Select any place where queues are formed for getting service. (For e.g.
Banks, hotels, billing counters in the malls etc.)
2. Visit the place. Study the elements of the queuing system.
3. Prepare data sheet giving the operating characteristics of queuing system for
the data collected during peak hours over few days.
4. Find one of the suitable models that approximately represents the system
and calculate the operating characteristics.
5. Compare the results obtained using the formulae with actual results obtained
from the data sheet.
6. Carry out simulation based on available data.
7. Arrive at conclusions, recommendations and suggestions.
8. Submit your assignment in the form of report.
IntroductionQueuing theory is basically a mathematical study for determining waiting
lines and queues formed. A model is constructed so that we can predict waiting
time, queue length and other operating parameter.
For this assignment I have selected to determine queue behavior of Big
Bazar Kothrud. That of clothing and Accessories department.
It was observed that arrival was completely random it was basically based
on time of day, day of the week and also on the weeks, as per the conversation with
the cashier it is observed that last week and first week of consecutive month arrival
is very high. And service rate is completely depended on the quantity purchased,
however various factor like learning curve, working hour and other factor also
comes in consideration.
Arrival process is Poisson process with rate of

Service process is Exponential process with rate of

Also there are two cashier for the service therefore number of server K = 2

Following are the arrival rate between every 5 mins from Saturday to Friday.
Between 7 to 7.30 Pm.

Mon
Tue
Wed
Thu
Fri
Sat
Sun

7- 7.05
4
8
5
8
9
6
5

7.05-7.10
7
7
5
8
6
4
6

Arrival Rate
7.10-7.15 7.15-7.20
9
5
6
8
8
7
5
6
6
5
9
8
7
9

7.20-7.25
5
9
5
6
9
6
9

7.25-7.30
5
8
7
4
8
8
5

Therefore average arrival rate per 5min is 6.6667. Therefore arrival rate per hour
will be 6.6667 * 12 = 80/ hr.
Therefore, = 80/hr.

Service rate on one cashier is as follows.

Mon
Tue
Wed
Thu
Fri
Sat
Sun

7- 7.05
3
4
2
3
2
6
5

7.05-7.10
4
2
3
6
5
4
6

Service Rate
7.10-7.15
7.15-7.20
5
5
6
5
5
3
3
3
3
6
6
5
2
3

7.20-7.25
4
4
2
4
5
4
5

7.25-7.30
2
5
4
5
6
4
6

Therefore average service rate per 5min is 4.1667 Therefore service rate per hour
will be 4.1667 * 12 = 50/ hr.

Therefore for one cashier service rate is 50/hr.

As there are two cashier therefore system has K= 2

Therefore, Total service rate is =50*2 = 100/hr.

i.e = 100/hr.
System model.
Following was the system model.
Queu
e

Arriva
l

M/M/2//first come first

served

Exit

Server
1
Server
2

Analysis-

From With the available data we can find out the average utilization of system
= /
Therefore,
. = 80/100
= 0.8
Therefore we can say that system has efficiency of 80% and as is less than 1
system would work successfully.

Other parameters are as follows.

1. Average waiting time in queue Wq)
= / (-)
= 2.99mins.
Therefore customer has to spend 2.99 minutes on an average in queue.
2. Average time spent by the customer in the system (Ws)

= 1/ (-)
= 3mins
Therefore customer has to spend 3 minutes on an average in system.
3. Expected average queue length (Lq)
= ^2/ (-)
= 3.2
Therefore on an average queue length will be 3.2 customers.
4. expected system length (Ls)
= / (-)
=4
Therefore on an average System length will be 4 customers.
It is observed that average queue length was around 4 most of the time system
contains 5 customers. Also the waiting time and system time was between 3 to 4.5
minutes respectively. Therefore we can say that actual and calculated data are very
close and thus we can depend on calculated data. Also to increase the accuracy of
calculation we can collect data for longer period of time and the error can be
minimized.

By carrying out simulation following table is generated.

Day
s

Average
Arrival
Cumula Serv
Serv
Serv
at
tive
ice
ice
ice
interval
arrival star
time
end
of
time
t
5mins

Mon

4.00

4.00

4.00

4.00

8.00

Tue
Wed
Thu
Fri
Sat
Sun
Avera

5.00
6.00
6.00
7.00
7.00
6.00
5.86

3.00
3.00
4.00
4.50
5.00
4.50
4.00

9.00
15.00
21.00
28.00
35.00
41.00
21.86

8.00
15.00
21.00
28.00
35.00
41.00
21.71

11.00
18.00
25.00
32.50
40.00
45.50
25.71

tim
e in
que
ue

Tim
e in
syst
em

Idle
tim
Custo
e
mer in
for
queue
ser
ver

0.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-

4.00

4.00

1.00

2.00
3.00
4.00
4.50
5.00
4.50
3.86

0.00
4.00
3.00
3.00
2.50
1.00
2.50

1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.29

ge

0.14

Therefore average arrival rate per 5min is 5.86. Therefore arrival rate per hour will
be 5.86 * 12 = 71/ hr.
Therefore, = 71/hr.
And average service rate per 5min is 4.00, Therefore average service rate per hour
will be 4*12*2 = 96/ hr.
Therefore, = 96/hr.
Therefore with simulating average arrivals at interval of 5mins and the service rate.
Following operating characteristics will be generated.
Operating Characteristics.
1. Average waiting time in queue (Wq)
= / (-)
= 1.775mins.
Therefore customer has to spend 1.775 minutes on an average in queue.
2. Average time spent by the customer in the system (Ws)
= 1/ (-)
= 2.4mins
Therefore customer has to spend 2.4 minutes on an average in system.
3. Expected average queue length (Lq)
= ^2/ (-)
= 2.10
Therefore on an average queue length will be 2.10 customers.
4. expected system length (Ls)
= / (-)
= 2.84
Therefore on an average System length will be 2.84 customers.

Conclusion.
It can be concluded that the whole system is functioning smoothly and
with average arrival rate between 71 to 80 customers per hour with adequate time
for server being idle is 2.50minutes.However if the arrival rate exceeds any time
above 96 customers per hour then the system will fail as above 96 customers
average utilization will exceed 1 and it may cause the system over loaded and extra
server will be needed at that time.
With average service rate of 96 to 100 customer per hour operation is
running smoothly. However server or the cashier had to treat minimum 80
customer per hour so that system will remain stable if at any point of time if both
the cashier are not able to achieve service rate of 80 customer per hour then the
system will be over loaded and the manager need to improve the speed of system
by providing training to the cashier or by introducing extra server.