Brazil Latin American Forces Fail 1894-1954

Key Terms:
Themes:
Coffee Oligarchy
Liberal Alliance
Getulio Vargas
Thirteen Principles
Brazilian Black forest
Estado Novo
Integralism
Petrobrs
Valorization
Cangaceiros (Banditos)
Bourgeois

Class struggle
Human rights
Racism
Imperialism
Hacienda Power
Old European vs. New Brazilian
Cash Crops
Debt

Brazil predominately Catholic therefore no radical or violent rebellion

Outside Events
WWI

Impact on Brazil
1. negative initial Coffee exports drop
2. demand for sugar, beans, meat prices
go up, loans from US to increase
production levels
3. links economy to US, not UK
German submarines torpedo Brazilian
cargo ships (war)
4. Rio/Sao Paulo (winning) rivalry
increased as a result of success in
exports through Sau Paulo
5. Immigrants from Europe (Italian
women) imported to whiten the
hacienda community begin work in
textiles strikes during war, indicating
a development of self awareness
6. General strikes 1917 rise of working
class
7. Labor movement in European workers
did not effect peasants (only in cities)
8. Urban/rural difference heightened

1920s Brazil
Rural country coffee, sugar, cotton, meat (cash crops sell for money)
Unequal Wealth Distribution
Country
City
468 land owners 27,000,000 acres
Malnutrition, malaria (28 year average life),
464,000 farms 15,700,000 acres
lack of medicine,
64% illiterate
work conditions poor
small middle class
artists, intellectuals, junior officers,
professionals, radical workers
Some unrest but no revolution (Bernardes revolt 1922-26; )
1930s
Communism or fascism?
Economic crisis and response
Debt US foreign investment in plantations & factories
$1.181 billion 200 million/year invest
Crash
- coffee 22 c 8 c
- credit dries up
- unemployment, wage cuts, inflation
urban bourgeois vs. coffee oligarchy
Brazilian Black Front (BBF) against racism in workplace, peasant revolt + oligarchies
(Vargas balances for 7 years)
What happened to the haciendas in Brazil?
What was the relationship in Brazil between the classes like?
How have foreign powers and events influenced Brazils economy and society?
How did Brazil change politically between 1894-1950?
1934 increased the power of the executive
1930s (concessions)
Announced nationalization of minerals, mines, dams
Concessions to left min. wage, social security, work day
Pensions, employment security, etc (no right to strike)