HP35s Surveying Programs

HP 35s
Surveying
Programs
CLOSURE with Accuracy, Area and double-missing

distance
Coordinate RADIATIONS with rotation and scale
Coordinate JOINS
Radiations from OFFSETS
RESECTION
ADJUSTMENT Bowditch and Crandall
Geospatial Science, RMIT University
HP35s SURVEYING PROGRAMS
1.
The following programs have been collated for the use of students in the Surveying and
Geospatial Science programs in the School of Mathematical and Geospatial Sciences,
RMIT University. As always, it is the users responsibility to ensure that the programs
are installed correctly and then checked. Also, do not alter programs unless you are
aware of what LABELS are being used or whether GTO and BRANCHING label
addresses will be affected; because by doing so you may dramatically affect the way
they work and hence obtain incorrect answers.
2.
The following two programs under LABEL Z are critical and must be kept in your
HP35s at all times. Do not delete them!
RECTANGULARPOLAR
POLARRECTANGULAR
XEQ Z002
XEQ Z015
These programs are software replacements for the Polar Rectangular conversion
functions that were present on the HP33s and HP32s calculators and have not been
implemented on the HP35s.
3.
The following are a suite of surveying computation programs that will be useful in the
field and office. Some (Closure, Radiations, Joins, Offsets) have a heritage extending
back to HP desktop-computer programs from the 1970s written by Bodo Taube of
Francis OHalloran, Surveyors. And Bodo Taubes programs were (and are) models of
efficiency. Others are more recent.
Each program has a set of User Instructions, with examples and relevant formula and
HP35s Program Sheets listing the program steps (that you may key into your
calculator), storage registers used and program notes.
CLOSURE
RADIATIONS
JOINS
OFFSETS
RESECTION
ADJUSTMENT
XEQ C001
XEQ R001
XEQ J001
XEQ O001
XEQ S001
XEQ A001
Rod Deakin, 18-Jan-2012

Geospatial Science, RMIT University
HP35s POLARRECTANGULAR CONVERSIONS

The following programming code is a software replacement for the
POLARRECTANGULAR conversion functions that were present on the
HP33s and HP32s calculators and have not been implemented on the
HP35s.
T his c o de was m ade a v a il a b le t hr ou g h T h e Mus e u m of H P C a lc u l a tor s a n d a pp e ar e d in
HP F or um Ar c hi v e 1 7 ( 22- A u g- 20 0 7)
ht tp :/ / www. h pm us e um .or g /c gi - s ys /c g i wr a p/ hp m us eum /ar c h v0 1 7.c g i ?r e a d = 12 2 51 9
RECTANGULARPOLAR
XEQ Z002
XEQ
POLARRECTANGULAR
XEQ Z015
XEQ
LINE
STEP
KEYSTROKES
Z001
LBL Z
Z002
CF 10
Z003
ABS
Z004
CLx
Z005
LASTx
Z006
Z007
Z008
Eqn REGZ+i*REGT
Z011
Z012
Eqn ARG(REGT)
Z013
Eqn ABS(REGT)
Z014
RTN
Z015
CF 10
Z016
ABS
Z017
Z018
ENTER
R
R
EQN
ENTER
ENTER
ENTER
R
R
EQN
EQN
+/-
XEQ
+/R
R
Z010
ENTER
+/-
Z009
XEQ
ENTER
ENTER
Z019
Eqn LASTx*COS(REGT)+i*LASTx*SIN(REGT)
ENTER
SIN
ENTER
Z021
Z022
Z023
R
Eqn ABS(REGZ)*SIN(ARG(REGZ))
EQN
+/i
SIN
Eqn ABS(REGT)*COS(ARG(REGT))
EQN
+/-
ENTER
ENTER
ENTER
R
R
ENTER
ENTER
ENTER
XEQ
RTN
What do these pieces of code do?

RECTANGULARPOLAR
T
Z
Y
X
East
North
XEQ
XEQ Z002
3
0
0
T
Z
Y
X
Bearing
Distance
T
Z
Y
X
East
North
POLARRECTANGULAR
T
Z
Y
X
Bearing
Distance
XEQ
XEQ Z015
3
1
0
The contents of registers Z and T remain unchanged for both

conversions.
3
3
COS
Z025
COS
ENTER
Z020
Z024
ENTER
EQN
HP35s PROGRAM
CLOSURE PROGRAM
MISSING BEARING & DISTANCE OR DOUBLE MISSING DISTANCE

(BEARING INTERSECTION) WITH AREA
PRESS
Notes:
XEQ C001 TO RUN PROGRAM
1.
For missing bearing and distance, the missing line must be the last line in the
closure.
2.
For double missing distance, the missing distances must be on the last two lines of
the closure.
3.
Missing elements must be input as zero, i.e., if the bearing is unknown then enter 0
when requested and if the distance is unknown enter 0 when requested.
4.
Bearings of lines that are 0 00' 00" must be entered as 360 00' 00"
1
Bn1
MISSING BEARING & DISTANCE
n
B1n
n-1
2
Bn1
1
Bn1 Bnn1 =
(180 )
B1n 1 Bn1 =
(180 )
180
Bn1
180
DOUBLE MISSING DISTANCE

c
sin (180 ) =
sin
sin (180 ) =
sin
c sin
a =
sin
Bnn-1
n-1
AREA ALGORITHM
B1n-1
Bnn-1
k
k
Area k = 12 N k Ei Ek N i
=
i 1 =i 1
n
Bn-1
HP35s PROGRAM
CLOSURE PROGRAM
EXAMPLES
Closure with: (i) misclose bearing and distance;
(ii) misclose east and north;
(iii) misclose accuracy; and
(iv) area
90 00
287.86
207
.53
11 7
3
0
20 4
.56
D
2 0.
2 2 09
00
292.75
20
0 00
20
1.
Figure ABCDEF is section of road 20 m wide that is being excised from an allotment of land.
Check that the dimensions are correct and determine the area.
Starting with the line AB and going clockwise around the figure, enter the bearing and
distance of each side, remembering that the bearing of the last side FA should be entered as
360 00'.
Enter 0 for the last bearing and 0 for the last side (you dont have to key anything in; just
press R/S at the prompts) since the last side (the misclose) is unknown.
The calculator will display: B = 136.0924 (136 09' 24") (the misclose bearing);
Press R/S
The calculator will display: D = 0.0021 (the misclose distance);
Press R/S
The calculator will display: 0.0014 (east misclose)
001
-0.0015 (north misclose); often shown as 002
Press R/S
The calculator will display: R = 502,288.7039 (this is the misclose accuracy ratio 1:502289)
Press R/S
The calculator will display: A = -9,926.0706 (this is the area 9926 m2)
(the negative sign is due to entering the figure clockwise)
Press R/S
The calculator will display: B?
0.0000
Ready for the next closure.
HP35s PROGRAM
CLOSURE PROGRAM
EXAMPLES
Closure with: (i) double missing and distance; and
(ii) area
90 00
287.86
207
.53
11 7
3
0
D
00
292.75
22
0 00
20
20
2.
Compute the missing distances CD and DE, and the area.
Starting with the line EF and going clockwise around the figure, enter the bearing and
distance of each known side, remembering that the bearing of the side FA should be entered
as 360 00'.
Enter the bearing of the side CD and 0 for the distance (the 1st missing distance; you dont
have to key anything in; just press R/S at the prompt).
Enter the bearing of the side ED. The calculator will now solve for the two missing distances
CD and DE.
The calculator will display: D = 20.0907 (the 1st missing distance);
Press R/S
The calculator will display: D = 204.5581 (the 2nd missing distance);
Press R/S
The calculator will display: A = -9,926.6036 (this is the area 9926 m2)
(the negative sign is due to entering the figure clockwise)
Press R/S
The calculator will display: B?
0.0000
Ready for the next closure.
NOTE:
For double missing distance closures, the missing sides must be the last two sides. To
achieve this, some figures may need re-casting. In such cases, the areas of re-cast
figures may not be correct. See the following example
HP35s PROGRAM
CLOSURE PROGRAM
EXAMPLES
Closure with: (i) double missing and distance; and
(ii) area
207
.53
11 7
3
0
2 04
.56
D
287.86
00
90 00
22
20
0 00
20
Compute the missing distances AB and CD, and the area.
Re-cast the figure so that the last two sides contain the missing distances
shifted line BC
287.86
90 00
90 00
11 720 4.5
3 6
0
shifted line AB
00
11
207 7 3 0
.53
B
2 2
0 00
20
3.
Starting with the line DE and going clockwise around the re-cast figure, enter the bearing and
distance of each known side, remembering that the bearing of the side FA should be entered
as 360 00'.
Enter the bearing of the side B'C and 0 for the distance (the 1st missing distance; you dont
have to key anything in; just press R/S at the prompt).
Enter the bearing of the side CD. The calculator will now solve for the two missing distances
B'C and CD.
The calculator will display: D = 292.7520 (the 1st missing distance);
Press R/S
The calculator will display: D = 20.0916 (the 2nd missing distance);
Press R/S
The calculator will display: A = 18,126.6222 (this is complete rubbish since the lines in the
re-cast figure cross)
HP35s PROGRAM
CLOSURE PROGRAM
AREA ALGORITHM
The algorithm for computing the area of a polygon can be derived by considering Figure A1, where the area
is the sum of the trapeziums bBCc, cCDd and dDEe less the triangles bBA and AEe.
The area can be expressed as
B
x2 y2
2 A = ( x2 x1 ) + ( x3 x1 ) ( y2 y3 )
+ ( x3 x1 ) + ( x4 x1 ) ( y3 y4 )
+ ( x4 x1 ) + ( x5 x1 ) ( y4 y5 )
c
A
(A1)
( x2 x1 )( y2 y1 )
C
x3 y3
x1 y1
( x5 x1 )( y1 y5 )
Expanding (A1) then cancelling and

rearranging terms gives
D x4 y4
2 A x1 ( y5 y2 )
=
+ x2 ( y1 y3 )
Ex y
5 5
+ x3 ( y2 y4 )
+ x 4 ( y 3 y5 )
+ x5 ( y4 y1 )
which can be expressed

as 2 A
=
Figure A1
n
{ x ( y
k =1
k 1
yk +1 )}
(A2)
In Figure A2, the coordinate origin is shifted to A

y=
0 and the area, using (A2), is
where x=
1
1
2 A = y2 x3 + y3 x4 y3 x2 + y4 x5 y4 x3 y5 x4
B x' y'
2 2
y'
(A3)
Considering each side of the polygon to have components

xk , yk for k = 1 to 5 , (A3) can be written as
A
x'1 y'1
2
C
x'3 y'3
x'
2 A = y1 ( x1 + x2 )
+ ( y1 + y2 )( x1 + x2 + x3 )
( y1 + y2 )( x1 )
Dx' y'
4 4
+ ( y1 + y2 + y3 )( x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 )
( y1 + y2 + y3 )( x1 + x2 )
( y1 + y2 + y3 + y4 )( x1 + x2 + x3 )
E x' y'
5 5
Figure A2
HP35s Closure Program Area Algorithm.docx
HP35s PROGRAM
CLOSURE PROGRAM
Expanding and gathering terms gives

2 A = y1 ( 3x1 + 3x2 + 2 x3 + x4 ) y1 ( 3x1 + 2 x2 + x3 )
+y2 ( 2 x1 + 2 x2 + 2 x3 + x4 ) y2 ( 3x1 + 2 x2 + x3 )
+y3 ( x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 )
y3 ( 2 x1 + 2 x2 + x3 )
y4 ( x1 + x2 + x3 )
and cancelling terms and re-ordering gives

2 A = y1 ( 0 + x2 + x3 + x4 )
+y2 ( x1 + 0 + x3 + x4 )
(A4)
+y3 ( x1 x2 + 0 + x4 )
+y4 ( x1 x2 x3 + 0 )
This equation for the area can also be expressed as a matrix equation
2A =
[ y1
y2
y3
y4 ] 0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1
1 x1
1 x2
1 x3
0 x4
(A5)
By studying the form of equations (A4) and (A5), the following algorithm for calculating the k= n 1 area
components Ak for a polygon of n sides may be deduced as
k
k
1
k
i
k
2
=i 1 =i 1
Ak=
where k
x =
i
1, 2, 3, n 1
(A6)
Equation (A6) is an efficient way to accumulate the area of a polygon given the coordinate components of
the sides. By studying the algorithm, it can be seen that A=
A=
0 and hence the area of a polygon is
1
n
accumulated without having to deal with the last side. This makes it a very useful area algorithm for simple
closure programs where the last side is often the missing side in the polygon. In addition, it can be seen that
each area component Ak is a triangle with one vertex at the starting point and the line k, with components
xk , yk , the opposite side.
Rearranging equation (A6) and expressing the components of lines as E and N where E and N are east
and north respectively gives the area algorithm used in the HP35s Closure Program
k
k
where k 1, 2, 3, n 1
Ak = 12 N k Ei Ek N i =
=
i 1 =i 1
HP35s Closure Program Area Algorithm.docx
(A7)
HP35s PROGRAM SHEET

LI N E
C001
C002
C003
C004
C005
C006
C007
C008
C009
C010
C011
C012
C013
C014
C015
C016
C017
C018
C019
C020
C021
C022
C023
C024
C025
C026
C027
C028
C029
C030
C031
C032
C033
C034
C035
C036
C037
C038
C039
C040
C041
ST E P
LBL C
CLVARS
CL
0
STO B
STO D
INPUT B
HMS
STO B
STO C
INPUT D
STO+R
RCL B
+
x=0?
GTO C068
RCL D
x=0?
GTO C042
XEQ C022
GTO C004
RCL B
RCL D
XEQ Z015
+
R
LASTx
y
x<>y
x
STO+A
RTN
y
x
XEQ Z002
RTN
CLOSURE PROGRAM
X
START NEW CLOSURE

NEW LINE OF CLOSURE
Enter Bearing
Enter Distance
accumulate distances
Brg
Dist
Brg+Dist
test to see if both Brg & Dist are zero
go for missing bearing & distance
test to see if Dist is zero
go for double missing distance
compute area contribution for line
go for next line of closure
AREA SUBROUTINE
Brg
Dist
Brg
N
E
n
E
E
N
E
(E)
N
E
N((E)) E
E
N((E))
(N)
E
N((E))
E((N)) N((E))
N((E))E((N))
area component
accumulate area
(E)
(N)
Dist
BRG & DIST SUBROUTINE

(E)
Brg
SHEET 1 0F 3 SHEETS
HP35s PROGRAM SHEET

LI N E
C042
C043
C044
C045
C046
C047
C048
C049
C050
C051
C052
C053
C054
C055
C056
C057
C058
C059
C060
C061
C062
C063
C064
C065
C066
C067
C068
C069
C070
C071
C072
C073
C074
C075
C076
C077
C078
C079
C080
C081
C082
CLOSURE PROGRAM
ST E P
0
STO B
INPUT B
HMS
STO B
RCL C
SIN
XEQ C038
x<>y
RCL B
SIN
x<>y
Enter 2nd Bearing Bn1

Bn1
Bn1
Bnn1
(180 )
sin
c
n 1
1
B1n 1
sin
sin
n 1
1
1
n
sin
(180 )
sin
sin
c sin
sin
STO D
RCL C
STO B
XEQ C022
VIEW D
XEQ C038
STO D
VIEW D
VIEW A
GTO C002
XEQ C038
STO D
a
Bnn1
STO R
x<>y
180
+
HMS
STO B
VIEW B
VIEW D
y
+/x
+/STOP
DOUBLE MISSING DISTANCE
c
sin
sin
c sin
(1st missing distance)

a
compute area contribution for line

1st Missing Distance
2nd Missing Distance

Area
Dist
Brg
MISSING BRG & DIST
Brg
Missing Bearing
Missing Distance
(E)
-(E)
(N)
-(E)
-(N)
-(E)
N miscl.
E miscl.
SHEET 2 0F 3 SHEETS
HP35s PROGRAM SHEET
LI N E
C083
C084
C085
ST E P
VIEW R
VIEW A
GTO C002
CLOSURE PROGRAM
Misclose Accuracy 1:x

Area
STORAGE REGISTERS
A
B
C
D
R
Area
Bearing
Bearing
Distance
Cumulative distance; closure accuracy
PROGRAM LENGTH AND CHECKSUM

LN = 261; CK = D83C
Length & Checksum:
ENTER
(Hold)
PROGRAM NOTES
Lines C022 to C037
Lines C038 to C041
Lines C042 to C067

Lines C067 to C085
is an area subroutine that also

accumulates the east and north
components of lines
is a subroutine to calculate a bearing
and distance from east and north
components of a line
is the double missing distance part of
the closure program
is the missing line part of the
closure program.
The calculator must contain LBL Z which contains the Polar

to Rectangular routines
SHEET 3 0F 3 SHEETS
HP35s PROGRAM
RADIATIONS PROGRAM
USER INSTRUCTIONS
COORDINATE RADIATIONS PROGRAM
1.
To start program press XEQ R001
2.
Display
E?
0.0000
Enter:
East coordinate of traverse point; then press R/S
3.
Display
N?
0.0000
Enter:
North coordinate of traverse point; then press R/S
4.
Display
R?
0.0000
Enter: Rotation (D.MMSS); then press R/S

[If no rotation to be applied, press R/S and rotation = 0]
5.
Display
S?
1.0000
Enter: Scale Factor; then press R/S

[If no scale factor to be applied, press R/S and scale factor = 1]
6.
Display
B?
0.0000
7.
Display
D?
0.0000
7A
If Rotation and Scale not 0 and 1; new bearing and distance displayed at successive R/S
8.
East and North coordinate displayed at successive R/S. GoTo step 6.
Enter:
Radiation Bearing (D.MMSS); then press R/S
Enter: Radiation Distance; then press R/S

[If next Instrument Point, enter distance with a negative sign.]
In the example traverse below, with rotation = 0 and scale = 1, start at A, compute the coordinates
of A1 and A2; jump to B, compute coordinates of B1 and B2; then to C and the coordinates of C1,
C2 and C3. The values in parentheses are for rotation = +2 18' 35" and scale factor = 1.002515.
(Distances and coordinates are rounded to nearest mm.)
Scale Factor: 1.002515
E
( 539.637
553.400 N )
29 0
13
4 4 .6
20
26 0 15
0
5
.0
40
A1
500.000 E
500.000 N
25 9 35
0
35.0 5
548.038 E
481.995 N
547.392 E
480.024 N
35
26 1 53
35.138
)
(
585.996 E
463.264 N
584.658 E
459.727 N
C2
23 35
(17425 .374 )
C3
05 35
( 9225.364
)
582.510 E
488.332 N
C
89 47
25.300
E
( 582.179
484.979 N )
E
( 564.747
546.148 N )
17 2 05
25.310
40
2
1
0
5 2 .3 1
5
79
1
3 1 10
54 79.5
B 562.677 E
548.598 N
33 35
(26240.151 )
460.529 E
493.218 N
460.187 E
494.801 N
283
48
26.07
0
28 6
06 3
26.13 5
6
4.73
E
( 583.850
566.330 N )
161
( 2942 31 35
A2
458.129 E
515.419 N
580.905 E
569.481 N
5
05 3
16 4
5
0
63.6
00
47
45
63.4
B2
B1
537.359 E
554.816 N
458.681 E
517.137 N
43
27 2 5
.7 35
90
41
27 07
.7
20
+2 18 35
Rotation:
607.810 E
488.428 N
C1
E
( 607.526
484.052 N )
HP35s PROGRAM SHEET

LI N E
R001
R002
R003
R004
R005
R006
R007
R008
R009
R010
R011
R012
R013
R014
R015
R016
R017
R018
R019
R020
R021
R022
R023
R024
R025
R026
R027
R028
R029
R030
R031
R032
R033
R034
R035
R036
R037
R038
R039
R040
R041
R042
R043
ST E P
LBL R
CLVARS
CL
INPUT E
INPUT N
CF 2
INPUT R
HMS
STO R
x=0?
999
STO T
1
STO S
INPUT S
STOT
RCL T
999
x=y?
SF 2
RCL E
RCL N
+
CF 1
0
STO B
STO D
INPUT B
INPUT D
x<0?
SF 1
ABS
STO D
FS? 2
GTO R046
RCL B
HMS
RCL R
+
HMS
STO B
RCL S
STOD
RADIATIONS PROGRAM
X
START RADIATION PROGRAM

Enter
Enter
Clear
Enter
East coordinate of Instrument Pt.

North coordinate
Flag 2
Rotation (D.MMSS)
Rotation
Enter Scale factor

rotscale
999
rotscale
Yes! Set Flag 2, no rotation or scale

E
COORDS OF I.P.
N
E
n
E
RADIATION TO NEW POINT
Enter Bearing (D.MMSS)

Enter Distance
Test for negative distance
Dist
Yes!, Set Flag 1, radiation to new I.P.
|Dist|
Test for rotation and scale
No rotation or scale
Bearing
Rotation
Bearing
Rotated Bearing
Scale
SHEET 1 0F 3 SHEETS
HP35s PROGRAM SHEET

LI N E
R044
RO45
R046
R047
R048
R049
R050
R051
R052
R053
R054
R055
R056
R057
R058
R059
R060
R061
ST E P
VIEW B
VIEW D
RCL B
HMS
RCL D
XEQ Z015
STO+N
FS? 1
+
x<>y
STO+E
VIEW E
VIEW N
x
STO N
y
STO E
GTO R024
RADIATIONS PROGRAM
X
Rotated Bearing (D.MMSS)

Scaled Distance
Brg
Dist
Brg
N
E
N
E
Test for new Instrument Point
n
Yes! new I.P.
E
n
E
East
North
North coord of Instrument Point
East coord of Instrument Point
STORAGE REGISTERS
B
D
E
N
R
S
T
x
y
Bearing(D.MMSS); Bearing(Degree); Rotated Brg

Distance; Scaled Distance
East coordinate
North coordinate
Rotation (D.MMSS); Rotation (Degrees)
Scale factor
T=999 if Rotation = 0 degrees and Scale Factor = 1
T999 if any other Rotation and Scale Factor
North coordinate of Instrument Point
East coordinate of Instrument Point

LN = 191; CK = 22C1
Length & Checksum:
ENTER
(Hold)
SHEET 2 0F 3 SHEETS
HP35s PROGRAM SHEET
RADIATIONS PROGRAM
PROGRAM NOTES
Flag 1 is used to test to see if new point is to be next
Instrument Point.
Flag 2 is used to test to see if Rotation and Scale Factor
is to be applied.
Lines R001 to R023
Initialisation; storing coordinates of

Instrument Point; storing Rotation and
Scale.
If Rotation = 0 degrees and Scale
Factor = 1 then register T = 999. Any
other value in T means that a Rotation
and Scale Factor is assumed.
Lines R024 to R033
Radiation Bearing and Distance to new

point entered. If the distance is
negative; Flag 1 is set and the new
point will be the next Instrument
Point.
Lines R036 to R045
Rotated Bearing and Scaled Distance to

new point displayed.
Lines R046 to R060
Coordinates of new point computed.

Flag 1 is set then the new point
becomes the next Instrument Point.
If

XEQ Z015 on line R049 is the PolarRectangular conversion
SHEET 3 OF 3 SHEETS
HP35s PROGRAM
JOINS PROGRAM
USER INSTRUCTIONS
COORDINATE JOINS PROGRAM
1.
To start program press XEQ J001
2.
Display
E?
0.0000
Enter:
East coordinate of Instrument Point; then press R/S
3.
Display
N?
0.0000
Enter:
North coordinate of Instrument Point; then press R/S
4.
Display
E?
0.0000
Enter:
East coordinate of next point; then press R/S
5.
Display
N?
0.0000
6.
Bearing (D.MMSS) and Distance displayed at successive R/S. GoTo step 4.
Enter: North coordinate of next point; then press R/S

[If next Instrument Point, enter Northing with negative sign.]
In the example traverse below, start at A, compute the radiations (bearings and distances) to A1 and
A2; jump to B, compute radiations to B1 and B2; then to C and the radiations to C1, C2 and C3.
(The computed bearings and distances are rounded to the nearest 5 mm and 10" respectively.)
B2
283 4
8
26.07
0
A2
290
13
44.6
20
260 15
40.050
B 562.677 E
548.598 N
0
47 0
161
45
63.4
0
4
2
1 0
5 2 .3 1
79
458.129 E
515.419 N
A1
B1
41
27 07
.72
0
537.359 E
554.816 N
500.000 E
A 500.000 N
C3
548.038 E
481.995 N
259 35
35.0 50
582.510 E
488.332 N
C 89 47
25.300
172 05
25.310
460.529 E
493.218 N
585.996 E
463.264 N
580.905 E
569.481 N
C2
607.810 E
488.428 N
C1
HP35s PROGRAM SHEET

LI N E
J001
J002
J003
J004
J005
J006
J007
J008
J009
J010
J011
J012
J013
J014
J015
J016
J017
J018
J019
J020
J021
J022
J023
J024
J025
J026
J027
J028
J029
J030
J031
J032
J033
J034
J035
J036
ST E P
LBL J
CLVARS
INPUT E
INPUT N
RCL E
STO Y
RCL N
STO X
CF 1
0
STO E
STO N
INPUT E
INPUT N
x<0?
SF 1
ABS
STO N
RCL Y
RCL E
RCL X
RCL N
XEQ Z002
STO D
x<>y
180
+
HMS
STO B
VIEW B
VIEW D
FS? 1
GTO J005
GTO J009
JOINS PROGRAM
X
START JOINS PROGRAM

Enter East coord of Instrument Point.
Enter North coord of I.P.
NEW INSTRUMENT POINT
Ei
Ni
Ei
NEW POINT
Enter East coord of next point

Enter North coord of next point
Ek
N k
|N k |
Ei
Ek
E i -E k
Ni
Nk
Ni- Nk
Dist
Brg(k,i)
Ei
E i -E k
Ni
E i -E k
E i -E k
Brg(k,i)
Brg(i,k)
Bearing
Distance
SHEET 1 0F 2 SHEETS
HP35s PROGRAM SHEET
JOINS PROGRAM
STORAGE REGISTERS
B
D
E
N
X
Y
Bearing(D.MMSS)
Distance
E k East coordinate
N k North coordinate
N i North coordinate of Instrument Point
E i East coordinate of Instrument Point

LN = 112; CK = A366
Length & Checksum:
ENTER
(Hold)
PROGRAM NOTES
Flag 1 is used to test to see if new point is to be next
Instrument Point.
Lines J001 to J004

Instrument Point.
Lines J005 to J008
Storing coordinates of Instrument

Point in registers X and Y.
Lines J009 to J014
Entering coordinates of next point.
Lines J015 to J036
Computing Bearing and Distance from

Instrument Point to new point. If
Flag 1 is set then the new point
becomes the next Instrument Point.

XEQ Z002 on line J025 is the RectangularPolar conversion
SHEET 2 0F 2 SHEETS
HP35s PROGRAM
OFFSETS PROGRAM
USER INSTRUCTIONS
OFFSETS PROGRAM
1.
To start program press XEQ O001
2.
Display
B?
1.0000
Enter:
B1, the bearing of traverse line 1; then press R/S
3.
Display
B?
2.0000
Enter:
B2, the bearing of traverse line 2; then press R/S
4.
Display
D?
11.0000
Enter:
d1, the offset from traverse line 1; then press R/S
5.
Display
D?
22.0000
Enter:
d2, the offset from traverse line 2; then press R/S
6.
Radiation Bearing (D.MMSS) B3 and Distance d3 displayed at successive R/S. GoTo step 2.
Rule:
positive
right
if point is to the
of the traverse line looking in the
negative
left
Offset distances are
direction of the bearing.
Derivation of formula: Radiation from offsets

d1 tan (90 ) =
d1
tan =
tan
d1
d
+ 2
tan sin
d1 sin
=
d1 cos + d 2
d2
sin
d3
B1
d1
d2
B2
Conventions:
= B2 B1
+ tve
right
if point is
of line
tve
left

B=
B1 +
3
d is
Formula:
tan =
sin
cos
d1
d2
d1
sin
cos +
d2
d1
HP35s PROGRAM SHEET

LI N E
O001
O002
O003
O004
O005
O006
O007
O008
O009
O010
O011
O012
O013
O014
O015
O016
O017
O018
O019
O020
O021
O022
O023
O024
O025
O026
O027
O028
O029
O030
O031
O032
O033
O034
O035
O036
O037
O038
O039
O040
O041
O042
ST E P
LBL 0
1
STO B
INPUT
HMS
STO A
2
STO B
INPUT
HMS
RCL A
360
x<>y
x<0?
+
STO T
11
STO D
INPUT
STO C
22
STO D
INPUT
RCL T
SIN
RCL T
COS
RCL D
RCL C
ATAN
STO+A
SIN
STOC
RCL C
0
x>y?
180
STO+A
OFFSETS PROGRAM
X
1
Enter Bearing of 1st line (B 1 )
B1
2
Enter Bearing of 2nd line (B 2 )
B2
B1
B2
=B 2 -B 1
360
360
11
Enter Offset d 1 from 1st line
d 1
22
Enter Offset d 2 from 2nd line
sin()
d 2
sin()
d 2
cos()
sin()
d 2
d 2
cos()
sin()
d 1
d 2
cos()
d 2 /d 1
cos()
sin()
cos-(d2/d1)
sin()
sin()
tan()
B3
sin()
d 3
0
d 2
sin()
sin()
sin()
d 3
SHEET 1 OF 2 SHEETS
HP35s PROGRAM SHEET

LI N E
O043
O044
O045
O046
O047
O048
O049
O050
O051
O052
O053
O054
O055
ST E P
RCL A
360
x<y?
STO-A
RCL A
HMS
STO B
VIEW B
RCL C
ABS
STO D
VIEW D
GTO O002
OFFSETS PROGRAM
X
B3
360
B3
B3
Radiation Bearing B 3
d 3
Radiation Distance d 3
STORAGE REGISTERS
A
B
C
D
T
B1; B3
B 2 (D.MMSS); B 3 (D.MMSS)
d 1 ; d 3
d 2 ; d 3

LN = 181; CK = A802
Length & Checksum:
ENTER
(Hold)
SHEET 2 0F 2 SHEETS
HP35s PROGRAM
RESECTION PROGRAM
USER INSTRUCTIONS
RESECTION PROGRAM
(Auxiliary angles method)
1.
To start program press XEQ S001
2.
Display
E?
1.0000
Enter:
East coordinate of Point 1 (P1); then press R/S
3.
Display
N?
1.0000
Enter:
North coordinate of P1; then press R/S
4.
Display
E?
2.0000
Enter:
East coordinate of P2; then press R/S
5.
Display
N?
2.0000
Enter:
6.
Display
E?
3.0000
Enter:
East coordinate of P3; then press R/S
7.
Display
N?
3.0000
Enter:
8.
Display
A?
0.0000
Enter:
Angle (D.MMSS) at Resection Point P; then press R/S
9.
Display
B?
0.0000
Enter:
Angle (D.MMSS) at Resection Point P; then press R/S
10.
East and North coordinate of Resection Point displayed at successive R/S. GoTo step 2.
Notes: (1) Coordinates of points P1, P2, P3 must be entered left to right (clockwise direction) as
seen from the Resection Point P.
(2) Observed angles and are angles P1-P-P2 and P2-P-P3 respectively.
EXAMPLE
1100.000 E
2000.000 N
1368.962 E
1943.585 N
3
1207.028 E
1882.466 N
2
= 20 00 37
= 43 35 43
1220.471 E
( 1751.653
N)
HP35s PROGRAM
RESECTION PROGRAM
RESECTION AUXILIARY ANGLES
1
CASE 2
CASE 1
CASE 1
P is INSIDE triangle of fixed stations
CASE 2
P is OUTSIDE triangle of fixed stations; P and 2 are

opposite sides of line 13
CASE 3
P is OUTSIDE triangle of fixed stations; P and 2 are

same side of line 13
In each case there is a four-sided figure P123 with angles ( + ),

, and at the vertices. and are unknown auxiliary angles and
+ = 360 ( + + ). and are known (observed) and is
the difference in bearings of lines 21 and 23.
CASE 3
GIVEN:
1 (E1, N1), 2 (E2, N2), 3 (E3, N3)
OBSERVED:
COMPUTE:
P (EP, NP)
1.
Compute bearings and distances of lines 21 and 23
2.
Calculate angle as the difference between bearings B21 and B23. [BKJ means the bearing from K to J]
3.
+ = 360 ( + + =
)
4.
From sine rule:
(1)
d2P
d 21
d 21 sin
or d 2 P
=
=
sin sin
sin
(2)
d 23
d 23 sin
d2P
=
=
or d 2 P
sin sin
sin
(3)
HP35s Resection Program Auxiliary Angles.docx
HP35s PROGRAM
RESECTION PROGRAM
Equating (2) and (3) gives
sin d 23 sin
= =
a
sin d 21 sin
5.
(4)
a sin ( =
) a ( sin cos cos sin ) .
From (4) sin = a sin , but from (1) = ; hence sin=
a sin and
Dividing both sides by cos and re-arranging gives tan (1 + a cos ) =
tan =
a sin
1 + a cos
(5)
6.
After computing [using (1)], a [using (4)] and [using (5)] then can be calculated using (1).
7.
The bearing B1P (bearing of the line 1P) is given by
B=
B12 +
1P
(6)
The distance d1P (distance of line 1P) is obtained using the sine rule in triangle 12P and
d1P =
8.
d12 sin ( + )
(7)
sin
EP and NP obtained from E1 and N1 and the bearing B1P and distance d1P of the line 1P.
EXAMPLE
323590.140 E
5816974.280 N
= 151 18 43.18
sin d 23 sin
=
= a= 0.695460833
sin d 21 sin
tan
=
a sin
= 0.935247303
1 + a cos
= 43 05 01.03 ; = = 79 09 57.79
321756.522 E
5813142.354 N
B1P = B12 + = 39 58 02.04
1956.317075
356 53 01.01
d12 sin ( + )
=
d1P =
5692.379793
sin
HP35s Resection Program Auxiliary Angles.docx
24
2
0 .0
4
5
2 1 692
9 .37
58 97
0 93
2.0
4
25
424 34 17
.
8. 0
362 83
33
+ = 360 ( + + ) = = 122 14 58.82
30
6
325519.373 E
( 5815551.638
N)
321862.876 E
5811188.930 N
= 17 24 07.5
= 69 02 10.5
HP35s PROGRAM SHEET

LI N E
S001
S002
S003
S004
S005
S006
S007
S008
S009
S010
S011
S012
S013
S014
S015
S016
S017
S018
S019
S020
S021
S022
S023
S024
S025
S026
S027
S028
S029
S030
S031
S032
S033
S034
S035
S036
S037
S038
S039
S040
S041
S042
ST E P
LBL S
CLVARS
1
XEQ S093
RCL E
STO R
RCL N
STO U
2
XEQ S093
RCL E
STO S
RCL N
STO V
3
XEQ S093
INPUT A
HMS
STO A
INPUT B
HMS
STO B
RCL S
RCL E
RCL V
RCL N
XEQ Z002
RCL A
SIN
STO C
x<>y
180
+
RCL S
RCL R
RCL V
RCL U
-
RESECTION PROGRAM
X
START RESECTION PROGRAM

Enter coordinates of Point 1
E1
E1
N1
N1
E1
E2
E2
N2
N2
E2
Enter angle (D.MMSS)
Enter angle (D.MMSS)
E2
E3
E 3 2 =E 2 -E 3
N2
N3
N 3 2 =N 2 -N 3
d 3 2 =d 2 3
sin()
d 2 3 sin( )
B32
180
B23
E2
E1
E 1 2 =E 2 -E 1
N2
N1
N 1 2 =N 2 -N 1
E2
E 3 2
N2
E 3 2
B32
d23
d23
B32
d 2 3 sin()
B32
d 2 3 sin()
B32
E2
B32
N2
E 1 2
E 3 2
B32
B32
d 2 3 sin()
d 2 3 sin()
B32
d 2 3 sin()
d 2 3 sin()
d 2 3 sin()
E 1 2
B32
B32
B32
SHEET 1 OF 4 SHEETS
HP35s PROGRAM SHEET

LI N E
S043
S044
S045
S046
S047
S048
S049
S050
S051
S052
S053
S054
S055
S056
S057
S058
S059
S060
S061
S062
S063
S064
S065
S066
S067
S068
S069
S070
S071
S072
S073
S074
S075
S076
S077
S078
S079
S080
S081
S082
ST E P
XEQ Z002
STO D
RCL B
SIN
STOC
R
STO F
180
+
x<>y
360
x<>y
x<0?
+
RCL A
RCL B
+
+
360
x<>y
RCL C
XEQ Z015
1
+
XEQ Z002
x<>y
STO+F
RCL A
+
SIN
STOD
RCL A
SIN
STOD
RCL F
RCL D
XEQ Z015
RESECTION PROGRAM
X
d12
B12
B32
B32
sin( )
d 1 2 sin( )
d12
d12
B12
B12
B12
B32
B32
B32
B32
B12
B32
B32
d 1 2 sin( )
180
B21
B32
B12
B32
B21
B32
B32
B32
B32
B32
B32
B32
B32
B32
360
B32
B32
+ +
=360-(+ +)
a
acos()
asin()
1+acos()
+
sin(+)
asin()
sin()
B1P
d1P
N 1 P
B1P
E 1 P
SHEET 2 OF 4 SHEETS
HP35s PROGRAM SHEET

LI N E
S083
S084
S085
S086
S087
S088
S089
S090
S091
S092
S093
S094
S095
S096
S097
ST E P
RCL U
+
STO N
x<>y
RCL R
+
STO E
VIEW E
VIEW N
GTO S002
STO E
STO N
INPUT E
INPUT N
RTN
RESECTION PROGRAM
X
N1
N P =N 1 +N 1 P
N 1 P
E 1 P
E 1 P
E1
E P =E 1 +E 1 P
NP
E 1 P
NP
E 1 P
NP
E P = East coordinate of resected point

N P = North coordinate of resected point
1,2,3
Enter E k (k = 1,2,3)
Enter N k (k = 1,2,3)
STORAGE REGISTERS
A
B
C
D
F
E
N
R
U
S
V
d 2 3 sin( ) ; a=d 2 3 sin()/d 1 2 sin( )

d 1 2 ; d 1 2 sin(+) ; d 1 P =[d 1 2 sin(+)]/sin()
B 1 2 ; B 1 P =(B 1 2 +)
Ek ; E3 ; EP
Nk ; N3 ; NP
E1
N1
E2
N2

LN = 307; CK = AE78
Length & Checksum:
ENTER
(Hold)
SHEET 3 OF 4 SHEETS
HP35s PROGRAM SHEET
RESECTION PROGRAM
PROGRAM NOTES
P 1 , P 2 , P 3 means Points 1, 2 and 3.
E 1 , E 2 , etc. and N 1 , N 2 , etc. mean east and north
coordinates of P 1 , P 2 , etc.
E 1 2 =E 2 E 1 , N 1 2 =N 2 N 1 , etc.
B 1 2 means bearing of the line from P 1 to P 2
d 1 2 means distance from P 1 to P 2
Lines S001 to S016

P1, P2, P3.
Lines S017 to S022
Entering and storing observed angles

and at the Resection Point P.
Lines S023 to S029
Bearing and distance P 3 to P 2 .
Lines S034 to S036
Note here that B 2 3 = B 3 2 +180
Lines S037 to S043
Bearing and distance P 1 to P 2 .
Lines S044 to S065
Calculation of angles at P 2 and

=360-(+ +); and the ratio
a=d 2 3 sin()/d 1 2 sin( )
Lines S066 to S079
Calculation of auxiliary angle and

the bearing and distance P 1 to the
resection Point P: B 1 P =(B 1 2 +) and
d 1 P =[d 1 2 sin(+)]/sin().
Lines S080 to S091
Calculation and display of coordinates

of Resected Point P.
Lines S093 to S097
Subroutine for entering coordinates of

P1, P2, P3.

XEQ Z002 on lines S067, S082 is the RectangularPolar
conversion
XEQ Z015 on lines S029, S043, S070 is the
PolarRectangular conversion
SHEET 4 0F 4 SHEETS
HP35s PROGRAM
ADJUSTMENT PROGRAM
USER INSTRUCTIONS
TRAVERSE ADJUSTMENT PROGRAM
This program can perform either a BOWDITCH 1 or a CRANDALL 2 adjustment on a closed

traverse (or figure). The bearings and distances of each line of the closed traverse must be entered
before selecting the method of adjustment (1 = Bowditch; 2 = Crandall).
After all lines have been entered and adjustment type selected the program will display the adjusted
bearings and distances and then the area of the adjusted figure.
A closed traverse must start and end at known points (east and north coordinates known); but in the
case of a loop traverse the start and end points will be the same. The program requires that
DE = EEND ESTART and DN = NEND NSTART are known. If the traverse is a loop traverse
DE = DN = 0
1.
To start program press XEQ A001
2.
Display
B?
0.0000
3.
Display
D?
0.0000
4.
Repeat steps 2 and 3 until all known information is entered; then enter 0 at the Bearing
prompt and 0 at the Distance prompt (just press R/S at the prompts)
5.
Display
X?
0.0000
Enter: DE; then press R/S

[If loop traverse DE = 0, just press R/S]
6.
Display
Y?
0.0000
Enter: DN; then press R/S

[If loop traverse DN = 0, just press R/S]
7.
Display
F?
0.0000
8.
Adjusted Bearings (D.MMSS) and adjusted Distances displayed at successive R/S.

[Note that Crandalls adjustment only adjusts distances]
9.
Adjusted Area displayed at last prompt. Press R/S and go to step 2 for new adjustment.
Enter: Bearing (D.MMSS); then press R/S

[Bearing of lines that are 0 00 00 must be entered as 360 00 00]
Enter:
Enter:
Distance; then press R/S
1 = BOWDITCH or 2 = CRANDALL; then press R/S
A mathematical adjustment of chain and compass surveys developed by the American mathematician and astronomer
Nathaniel Bowditch (1773-1838). This adjustment affects both bearings and distances.
2
A mathematical least squares adjustment of traverse distances only that assumes that observed bearings close
perfectly. Developed in 1906 by Charles L. Crandall, Professor of Railroad Engineering and Geodesy, Cornell
University, New York.
Theory and examples of Bowditchs and Crandalls adjustments can be found in Notes on Least Squares, Geospatial
Science, RMIT University, Chapter 6, pp.6-15 6-26.
HP35s PROGRAM
ADJUSTMENT PROGRAM
THEORY AND FORMULA

Theory, formula and examples of Bowditchs and Crandalls adjustments can be found in Notes on
Least Squares, Geospatial Science, RMIT University, Chapter 6, pp.6-15 6-26. A summary of the
formula and the sequence of computation is presented below.
BOWDITCH
A closed traverse of k = 1, 2,3 , n lines, sides or legs having bearings k and distances d k (or a
figure of n sides) that has a misclosure may be adjusted in the following manner.
1.
Each traverse line (having bearing and distance) has east and north components
Ek =
d k sin k , N k =
d k cos k , and the sums of these components for the traverse are
S=
E
E
k =1
and S=
N
N
k =1
2.
A traverse has a total length L = d k

k =1
3.
A closed traverse has a start point and an end point assumed to have known east and north
coordinates; ESTART , N START , EEND , N END and differences; =
DE EEND ESTART and
=
DN N END N START . If the traverse is a loop traverse (starting and ending at the same point),
then D
=
D=
0.
E
N
4.
The east and north components of each traverse leg may be adjusted by adding corrections
Ek
Ek
dEk
DN S N
D SE
dEk = d k E
and dN k = d k
so that N=
L
L
k ADJUST N k OBS dN k
5.
Adjusted bearings and distances and area are then computed from the adjusted east and north
components.
CRANDALL
A closed traverse of k = 1, 2,3 , n lines, sides or legs having bearings k and distances d k (or a
figure of n sides) that has a misclosure may be adjusted in the following manner.
1.
First adjust the bearings of the traverse so that they close perfectly. This may be an arbitrary
adjustment.
2.
Each traverse line (having bearing and distance) has east and north components
Ek =
d k sin k , N k =
d k cos k , and the sums of these components for the traverse are
S=
E
Ek and S=
N
k =1
N
k =1
HP35s PROGRAM
ADJUSTMENT PROGRAM
THEORY AND FORMULA continued
3.
( Ek )
k =1
dk
In addition, the traverse has the following summations: a =
( N k )
k =1
dk
, b=
, and
Ek N k
dk
k =1
n
c=
4.
5.
6.
A closed traverse has a start point and an end point assumed to have known east and north
coordinates; ESTART , N START , EEND , N END and differences; =
DE EEND ESTART and
=
DN N END N START . If the traverse is a loop traverse (starting and ending at the same point),
then D
=
D=
0.
E
N
b ( DE S E ) c ( DN S N )
k
ab c 2
Two multipliers are computed: 1 =
k2 a ( DN S N ) c ( DE S E )
ab c 2
A residual vk for each traverse line is computed from vk = k1Ek + k2 N k and added to the
observed traverse distance to obtain the adjusted traverse distance: d ADJUST
= dOBS + v
00
C
93 42 15
15 15
8.5
25
6
3
42
30
2
-0
0-
268.7
86
Datu
m
285
00 00
00
-
7
156.62
03
1
5
32
7 18 24
346 3 30
273 42 30
40 35
148.650
EXAMPLE 1
-0
0A
Figure 1. Fieldnotes of traverse

Figure 1 shows a traverse between points A, B, C and D. The bearing datum of the survey is the
line AB 285 00' 00". The distances are horizontal distances. Observed face-left (FL) bearings are
shown along the traverse line and the seconds part of the face-right (FR) bearing is shown above.
The mean of the FL/FR seconds is shown to the right of the brace }. The angular misclose in the
traverse is 20", which is revealed in the forward and reverse bearings on the line CD.
3
HP35s PROGRAM
1.
ADJUSTMENT PROGRAM
BOWDITCH ADJUSTMENT OF EXAMPLE 1
For the purpose of the exercise we assume that the angular misclose of 20 is acceptable and that
this error is apportioned equally at the four corners giving the observed traverse to be adjusted as
shown in the left-columns of the table below
Line
Bearing
Distance
dk
285 00 00
346 37 29
93 42 25
145 12 31
sums
268.786
156.627
148.650
258.503
832.5660
1: AB
2: BC
3: CD
4: DA
L
=
d
=
k =1
components
Ek
N k
-259.6273
-36.2322
148.3390
147.4993
-0.0212
corrections
dEk
dN k
69.5669
152.3786
-9.6107
-212.2917
0.0431
0.0068
0.0040
0.0038
0.0066
0.0212
832.5660 , S E =
0.0212 and S N =
Ek =
k =1
-0.0139
-0.0081
-0.0077
-0.0134
-0.0431
N
k =1
adjusted components
Ek
N k
-259.6205
-36.2282
148.3428
147.5059
0.0000
69.5530
152.3705
-9.6184
-212.3051
0.0000
= 0.0431
Since this is a loop traverse D

0.0212 , DN S N =
0.0431
=
D=
0 and DE S E =
E
N
DE S E
0.0212
The corrections to the traverse components
are: dEk d=
=
k
dk
L
832.5660
DN S N
0.0431
=
dEk d=
k
dk
L
832.5660
The adjusted traverse is

Line
Bearing
Distance
dk
1: AB
2: BC
3: CD
4: DA
284 59 51
346 37 32
93 42 35
145 12 33
268.7758
156.6182
148.6543
258.5178
Using the program: press XEQ A001 (or XEQ A
ENTER
Enter the bearings and distances of the sides at the prompts B? and D? pressing R/S after entry
When all sides have been keyed in, enter 0 at the prompt B? and press R/S; and 0 at the prompt D?
and press R/S (or simply press R/S at both prompts).
At the prompt X? enter 0 and press R/S (DE = 0) and at the prompt Y? enter 0 and press R/S
(DN = 0)
At the prompt F? enter 1 and press R/S.
The calculator will then display the adjusted bearing at B = . Press R/S and the adjusted distance
will be displayed at D = . Repeat pressing of R/S will display adjusted bearings and distances.
After the last adjusted line, a final R/S will cause the calculator to display the adjusted area at A =
(The area = -33,556.9387 m2)
HP35s PROGRAM
2.
ADJUSTMENT PROGRAM
CRANDALL ADJUSTMENT OF EXAMPLE 1
Line
Bearing
Distance
dk
Ek
N k
285 00 00
346 37 29
93 42 25
145 12 31
sums
268.786
156.627
148.650
258.503
832.5660
-259.6273
-36.2322
148.3390
147.4993
-0.0212
69.5669
152.3786
-9.6107
-212.2917
0.0431
1: AB
2: BC
3: CD
4: DA
SE =
0.0212 , S N =
Ek =
k =1
=
a
( Ek )
=
2
k =1
dk
,b
=
491.3526
components
N
k =1
( Ek )
dk
250.7808
8.3815
148.0286
84.1616
491.3526
( N k )
=
2
dk
k =1
dk
18.0052
148.2455
0.6214
174.3414
341.2134
Ek N k
dk
residual
-67.1965
-35.2495
-9.5906
-121.1316
-233.1681
-0.004
-0.021
-0.002
0.027
vk
= 0.0431
( N k )
341.2134 and c =
Ek N k
= 233.1681
dk
k =1
n
Since this is a loop traverse D

=
D=
0 and DE S E =
0.0212 , DN S N =
0.0431
E
N
The multipliers are:
The residuals are:
k1 =
=
2.4593e 05
ab c 2
a ( DN S N ) c ( DE S E )
k2 =
=
1.4324e 04
ab c 2
vk = k1Ek + k2 N k
The adjusted traverse (nearest mm) is

Line
Bearing
Distance
dk
1: AB
2: BC
3: CD
4: DA
285 00 00
346 37 29
93 42 25
145 12 31
268.782
156.606
148.648
258.530
ENTER
At the prompt X? enter 0 and press R/S (DE = 0) and at the prompt Y? enter 0 and press R/S
(DN = 0)
HP35s PROGRAM
ADJUSTMENT PROGRAM

(The area = -33,555.9331 m2)
EXAMPLE 2
33
195
12
9
14
58
4287.873 E
7944.574 N
8
4 140
3
68 032.3
1
5248.853 E
8321.726 N
18
6
4
0
5411.746 E
13
22
559.03 32
0
163
FIXE
D
138 18
2 4
0
110
1
240 5 20
1.60
9
274
275
2034.785 E FIXED
8776.030 N
C
ED
RV
E
D
S
OB FIXE
F 7786.963 N
113
156 49 50
4.6
83
48 11
302
01
8 46
B
3
6 7
23 6 3
6843.030 E
23
OBSERVED
7154.779 N
6843.085 E
FIXED
7154.700 N
Figure 2 Traverse diagram showing field measurements, derived values and fixed values.
Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a traverse run between two fixed stations A and B and oriented at
both ends by angular observations to a third fixed station C.
The bearings of traverse lines shown on the diagram, unless otherwise indicated, are called
"observed" bearings and have been derived from the measured angles (which have been derived
from observed theodolite directions) and the fixed bearing AC. The difference between the
observed and fixed bearings of the line BC represents the angular misclose of 15. The coordinates
of the traverse points D, E and F have been calculated using the observed bearings and distances
and the fixed coordinates of A. The difference between the observed and fixed coordinates at B
represents a traverse misclosure.
HP35s PROGRAM
3.
ADJUSTMENT PROGRAM
BOWDITCH ADJUSTMENT OF EXAMPLE 2
this error is apportioned equally at the five traverse points giving the observed traverse to be
adjusted as shown in the left-columns of the table below
Line
Bearing
Distance
dk
110 15 17
68 34 12
16303 23
113 49 38
sums
2401.609
1032.340
559.022
1564.683
5557.6540
1: AD
2: DE
3: EF
4: FB
L
=
d
=
k =1
5557.65400 , S E =
components
Ek
N k
2253.1002
960.9688
162.9160
1431.3217
4808.3067
n
E
k =1
corrections
dEk
dN k
-831.4235
377.1801
-534.7560
-632.1006
-1621.1000
-0.0029
-0.0012
-0.0007
-0.0019
-0.0067
-0.0994
-0.0427
-0.0231
-0.0648
-0.2300
adjusted components
Ek
N k
2253.0973
960.9676
162.9153
1431.3198
0.0000
-831.5229
377.1374
-534.7791
-632.1654
0.0000
1621.1000
= 4808.3067 and S N =
N k =
k =1
DE =EEND ESTART =6843.085 2034.785 =4808.300

DN =
N END N START =
7154.700 8776.030 =
1621.330
DE S E =
0.0067 , DN S N =
0.2300
DE S E
0.0067
The corrections to the traverse components
are: dEk d=
=
k
dk
L
5557.6540
DN S N
0.2300
=
dEk d=
k
dk
L
5557.6540
The adjusted traverse is

Line
Bearing
Distance
dk
1: AD
2: DE
3: EF
4: FB
110 15 25
68 34 20
163 03 26
113 49 46
2401.6407
1032.3232
559.0439
1564.7074
ENTER
At the prompt X? enter 4808.300 and press R/S (DE = 4808.300)
At the prompt Y? enter -1621.330 and press R/S (DN = -1621.330)
HP35s PROGRAM
ADJUSTMENT PROGRAM
(The area = -357,496.7606 m2 but is meaningless since this is not a closed polygon)
4.
CRANDALL ADJUSTMENT OF EXAMPLE 2
Line
Bearing
Distance
dk
Ek
N k
110 15 17
68 34 12
16303 23
113 49 38
sums
2401.609
1032.340
559.022
1564.683
5557.6540
2253.1002
960.9688
162.9160
1431.3217
4808.3067
-831.4235
377.1801
-534.7560
-632.1006
-1621.1000
1: AD
2: DE
3: EF
4: FB
components
( Ek )
( N k )
dk
2113.7748
894.5319
47.4788
1309.3270
4365.1124
dk
287.8342
137.8081
511.5433
255.3560
1192.5416
Ek N k
dk
resid.
-780.0106
351.1036
-155.8442
-578.2253
-1162.9764
0.057
-0.168
0.129
0.064
S E = Ek = 4808.3067 , S N =
1621.1000
N k =
k =1
=
a
k =1
( Ek )
=
2
k =1
dk
,b
=
4365.1124
( N k )
=
2
dk
k =1
1192.5416 and c =
Ek N k
= 1162.9764
dk
k =1
n
DE =EEND ESTART =6843.085 2034.785 =4808.300

DN =
N END N START =
7154.700 8776.030 =
1621.330
0.2300
DE S E =
0.0067 , DN S N =
The multipliers are:
The residuals are:
k1 =
=
7.1501e 05
ab c 2
a ( DN S N ) c ( DE S E )
k2 =
=
2.6259e 04
ab c 2
vk = k1Ek + k2 N k
The adjusted traverse (nearest mm) is

Line
Bearing
Distance
dk
1: AB
2: BC
3: CD
4: DA
110 15 17
68 34 12
16303 23
113 49 38
2401.666
1032.172
559.151
1564.747
vk
HP35s PROGRAM
ADJUSTMENT PROGRAM
ENTER
At the prompt X? enter 4808.300 and press R/S (DE = 4808.300)
At the prompt Y? enter -1621.330 and press R/S (DN = -1621.330)
(The area = -357,597.8300 m2 but is meaningless since this is not a closed polygon)
HP35s PROGRAM SHEET

LI N E
A001
A002
A003
A004
A005
A006
A007
A008
A009
A010
A011
A012
A013
A014
A015
A016
A017
A018
A019
A020
A021
A022
A023
A024
A025
A026
A027
A028
A029
A030
A031
A032
A033
A034
A035
A036
A037
A038
A039
A040
A041
ST E P
LBL A
CLVARS
CL
-1
STO I
2
STO+I
STO+J
0
STO B
STO D
INPUT B
HMS
STO B
INPUT D
STO+L
RCL B
+
x=0?
GTO A044
RCL B
RCL D
XEQ Z015
+
LASTx
STO(J)
x<>y
STO(I)
RCL D
STO+S
RCL(I)
x2
RCL D
STO+R
RCL(J)
x2
RCL D
ADJUSTMENT PROGRAM
X
START NEW ADJUSTMENT
START NEW LINE OF FIGURE

Increment indirect storage registers
Enter Bearing (D.MMSS)
Enter Distance d k
Accumulate distances
Brg
Dist
Brg+Dist
Yes! End of Data; GO TO adjustment
Brg
Dist
Brg
N k
E k
n
E k
N k
E k
E k
N k
E k N k
dk
E k N k /d k
E k N k
E k
(E k ) 2
dk
(E k ) 2 /d k
N k
(N k ) 2
dk
(N k ) 2 /d k
SHEET 1 0F 6 SHEETS
HP35s PROGRAM SHEET

LI N E
ST E P
A042
A043
A044
A045
A046
A047
A048
A049
A050
A051
A052
A053
A054
A055
A056
A057
A058
A059
A060
A061
A062
A063
A064
STO+V
GTO A006
INPUT X
INPUT Y
INPUT F
RCL F
1
x=y?
GTO A056
RCL F
2
x=y?
GTO A079
GTO A046
XEQ A128
RCL L
STO Y
x<>y
RCL L
STO X
XEQ A135
A065
XEQ A144
A066
A067
A068
A069
A070
A071
A072
A073
A074
A075
A076
A077
A078
A079
A080
A081
A082
A083
XEQ A151
RCL D
RCL X
STO+(I)
RCL D
RCL Y
STO+(J)
XEQ A162
XEQ A151
XEQ A177
GTO A065
RCL R
RCL V
RCL S
STO U
ADJUSTMENT PROGRAM
X
GO FOR next line

Enter D E
Enter D N
Enter Flag (Bowditch = 1; Crandall = 2)
Flag
1
Flag
Yes! GO TO Bowditch adjustment
Flag
1
Flag
Yes! GO TO Crandall adjustment
D N -S N
L
(D N -S N )/L
D E -S E
D N -S N
D E -S E
D E -S E
L
(D E -S E )/L
(D N -S N )/L
D E -S E
(D N -S N )/L
BOWDITCH ADJUSTMENT
D E -S E
(D N -S N )/L
Set registers C,I,J,A

Increment counters for next line of
adjusted figure
Get UNADJUSTED Bearing and Distance
dk
(D E -S E )/L d k
dE k = d k [(D E -S E )/L] = correction to E k
dk
(D N -S N )/L d k
dN k = d k [(D N -S N )/L] = correction to N k
Compute Area contribution of ADJ. line
Get ADJUSTED Bearing and Distance
View Adjusted Bearing and Distance
GO FOR next line of figure
CRANDALL ADJUSTMENT
a = [(E k ) 2 /d k ]
2
b = [(N k ) /d k ]
a = [(E k ) 2 /d k ]
ab
ab
c = [E k N k )/d k ]
c
ab
SHEET 2 0F 6 SHEETS
HP35s PROGRAM SHEET

LI N E
ST E P
2
A084
A085
A086
A087
A088
A089
A090
A091
A092
A093
A094
A095
A096
A097
A098
A099
A100
A101
A102
A103
A104
A105
x
STO T
XEQ A128
STOS
STOR
x<>y
STOV
STOU
RCL R
RCL U
RCL T
STO W
RCL V
RCL S
RCT T
STO T
XEQ A135
A106
XEQ A144
A107
A108
A109
A110
A111
A112
A113
A114
A115
A116
A117
A118
A119
A120
A121
A122
A123
A124
A125
A126
XEQ A151
RCL(I)
RCL T
RCL(J)
RCL W
+
STO+D
RCL B
HMS
RCL D
XEQ Z015
STO(J)
x<>y
STO(I)
XEQ A162
XEQ A177
GTO A106
VIEW A
ADJUSTMENT PROGRAM
X
c2
ab-c 2
ab
D N -S N
D E -S E
D E -S E
D N -S N
a(D N -S N )
c(D E -S E )
a(D N -S N )
a(D N -S N )-c(D E -S E )
ab-c 2
a(D N -S N )-c(D E -S E )
k 2 =[a(D N -S N )-c(D E -S E )]/(ab-c 2 )
b(D E -S E )
c(D N -S N )
b(D E -S E )
b(D E -S E )-c(D N -S N )
ab-c 2
b(D E -S E )-c(D N -S N )
k 1 =[b(D E -S E )-c(D N -S N )]/(ab-c 2 )
Set registers C,I,J,A
Increment counters for next line of
adjusted figure
Get UNADJUSTED Bearing and Distance
E k
k1
E k
k 1 E k
N k
k 1 E k
k2
N k
k 1 E k
k 2 N k
k 1 E k
v k =k 1 E k +k 2 N k
Brg
Dist
N k
Brg
E k
E k
N k
Compute Area contribution of ADJ. line

View Adjusted Bearing and Distance
GO FOR next line of figure
Area
SHEET 3 0F 6 SHEETS
HP35s PROGRAM SHEET

LI N E
A127
A128
A129
A130
A131
A132
A133
A134
A135
A136
A137
A138
A139
A140
A141
A142
A143
A144
A145
A146
A147
A148
A149
A150
A151
A152
A153
A154
A155
A156
A157
A158
A159
A160
A161
A162
A163
A164
A165
A166
A167
A168
A169
A170
ST E P
GTO A002
RCL X
y
RCL Y
x
RTN
n
STO C
CL
-1
STO I
0
STO J
STO A
RTN
2
STO+I
STO+J
RCL C
x=0?
GTO A126
RTN
360
RCL(I)
RCL(J)
XEQ Z002
STO D
R
x<0?
+
HMS
STO B
RTN
RCL(I)
RCL(J)
+
R
LASTx
y
x<>y
x
ADJUSTMENT PROGRAM
X
GO FOR new figure to adjust

DE
DE
S E =E k
D E -S E
DN
D E -S E
DN
D E -S E
S N =N k
D N -S N
D E -S E
n
count = n
SET REGISTERS C,I,J,A
-1
0
INCREMENT REGISTERS I,J

2
Increment indirect storage reg. for E
Increment indirect storage reg. for N
count
Yes! GO FOR Area of adjusted figure
360
E k
N k
dk
BEARING & DISTANCE SUBROUTINE

360
360
E k
Brg k
360
Brg k
360
Brg(D.MMSS)
E k
N k
n
E k
N k
E k
N k E k
E k
N k
AREA SUBROUTINE
E k
E k
E k
N k
E k
N k E k
E k
E k
N k E k
SHEET 4 0F 6 SHEETS
HP35s PROGRAM SHEET

LI N E
A171
A172
A173
A174
A175
A176
A177
A178
A179
A180
A181
ST E P
STO+A
RTN
VIEW B
VIEW D
1
STO-C
RTN
ADJUSTMENT PROGRAM
X
E k N k
N k E k
N k E k -E k N k
Area component
Accumulate area
(Adjusted) Bearing (D.MMSS)
Adjusted Distance
1
Decrement count
STORAGE REGISTERS
A
B
C
D
I
J
L
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Area
Bearing
count = counter for lines of figure 0 count n
Distance d k ; d k +v k
Indirect storage register for E
Indirect storage register for N
Cumulative distance L = d k
a = [(E k ) 2 /d k ] ; a(D N -S N )
c = [E k N k )/d k ] ; c(D N -S N )
ab-c 2 ; k 1 =[b(D E -S E )-c(D N -S N )]/(ab-c 2 )
c ; c(D E -S E )
b = [(N k ) 2 /d k ] ; b(D E -S E )
k 2 =[a(D N -S N )-c(D E -S E )]/(ab-c 2 )
D E = E E N D -E S T A R T ; (D E -S E )/L
D N = N E N D -N S T A R T ; (D N -S N )/L

LN = 558; CK = 68A4
Length & Checksum:
ENTER
(Hold)
SHEET 5 0F 6 SHEETS
HP35s PROGRAM SHEET
ADJUSTMENT PROGRAM
PROGRAM NOTES
Lines A021 to A042
Lines A056 to A078

Lines A079 to A125
Lines A128 to A134
Lines A135 to A143

Lines A144 to A150
Lines A151 to A161

Lines A162 to A176
Lines A177 to A181
convert bearings and distances of the

figure to east and north components
(E k ,N k ) and form the sums:
S E = y = E k ;
S N = x = N k ;
a = [(E k ) 2 /d k ];
b = [(N k ) 2 /d k ];
c = [E k N k )/d k ].
Bowditch adjustment using subroutines
A128, A135, A144, A151, A162, A177.
Crandall adjustment using subroutines
A128, A135, A144, A151, A162, A177.
is a subroutine that computes the
misclosures east and north:
D E -S E and D N -S N
where D E = E E N D -E S T A R T and D N = N E N D -N S T A R T
Note that for a loop traverse (or
closed figure) D E = D N = 0
is a subroutine that sets storage
registers C,I,J,A and clears
is a subroutine that increments
indirect storage registers I,J and
tests to see if count=0. If count=0
then all adjusted bearings and
distances have been computed and the
area will be displayed.
is a subroutine that computes bearings
and distances from components E k ,N k
is an area subroutine.
is a subroutine for displaying Bearing
(D.MMSS) and Distance and decrementing
the counter.

to Rectangular routines.
XEQ Z002 on line A154 is the RectangularPolar conversion
XEQ Z015 on lines A023,A119 is the PolarRectangular
conversion.
SHEET 6 0F 6 SHEETS

HP35s Surveying Programs

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

HP35s Surveying Programs

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

HP 35s

CLOSURE with Accuracy, Area and double-missing

HP35s SURVEYING PROGRAMS

Rod Deakin, 18-Jan-2012

HP35s POLARRECTANGULAR CONVERSIONS

What do these pieces of code do?

The contents of registers Z and T remain unchanged for both

MISSING BEARING & DISTANCE OR DOUBLE MISSING DISTANCE

XEQ C001 TO RUN PROGRAM

MISSING BEARING & DISTANCE

DOUBLE MISSING DISTANCE

Expanding (A1) then cancelling and

which can be expressed

In Figure A2, the coordinate origin is shifted to A

Considering each side of the polygon to have components

HP35s Closure Program Area Algorithm.docx

Expanding and gathering terms gives

and cancelling terms and re-ordering gives

HP35s Closure Program Area Algorithm.docx

HP35s PROGRAM SHEET

START NEW CLOSURE

BRG & DIST SUBROUTINE

HP35s PROGRAM SHEET

Enter 2nd Bearing Bn1

DOUBLE MISSING DISTANCE

(1st missing distance)

compute area contribution for line

2nd Missing Distance

MISSING BRG & DIST

HP35s PROGRAM SHEET

Misclose Accuracy 1:x

PROGRAM LENGTH AND CHECKSUM

Length & Checksum:

Lines C038 to C041

Lines C042 to C067

is an area subroutine that also

The calculator must contain LBL Z which contains the Polar

To start program press XEQ R001

East coordinate of traverse point; then press R/S

North coordinate of traverse point; then press R/S

Enter: Rotation (D.MMSS); then press R/S

Enter: Scale Factor; then press R/S

East and North coordinate displayed at successive R/S. GoTo step 6.

Radiation Bearing (D.MMSS); then press R/S

Enter: Radiation Distance; then press R/S

Scale Factor: 1.002515

HP35s PROGRAM SHEET

START RADIATION PROGRAM

East coordinate of Instrument Pt.

Enter Scale factor

Yes! Set Flag 2, no rotation or scale

Enter Bearing (D.MMSS)

HP35s PROGRAM SHEET

Rotated Bearing (D.MMSS)

Bearing(D.MMSS); Bearing(Degree); Rotated Brg

PROGRAM LENGTH AND CHECKSUM

Length & Checksum:

HP35s PROGRAM SHEET

Initialisation; storing coordinates of

Lines R024 to R033

Radiation Bearing and Distance to new

Lines R036 to R045

Rotated Bearing and Scaled Distance to

Lines R046 to R060