International Journal of Research and Innovation on Science, Engineering and Technology (IJRISET)

International Journal of Research and Innovation in

Thermal Engineering (IJRITE)
DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION OF WATER COOL CONDENSER FOR CENTRAL AIR
CONDITIONER.
Chitturi Nagavamsi Ravi Teja1, S.Raja Sekhar2.
1 Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Godavari Institute of Engineering And Technology, Andhra Pradesh, India.
2 AssociateProfessor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Godavari Institute of Engineering And Technology, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Abstract
Water-cooled chiller systems have typically been designed around entering condenser water temperatures of 85F with
a Optimization of Water - Cooled Chiller Cooling Tower Combinations The warm water leaving the chilled water coils
is pumped to the evaporator of the chiller, where the unwanted heat from the building is transferred by the latent heat
of vaporization of the refrigerant. The compressor of the chiller then compresses the refrigerant to a higher pressure,
adding the heat of compression in the process. The high pressure refrigerant then moves to the economical condenser
water flow of 3.0 USGPM/ton and a 10F denser, where the unwanted heat is rerange. In recent years, there has been
considerable debate on the merits of designing around lower condenser water flow rates with a higher range in order to
improve system lifecycle costs. However, two other parameters must also be considered in any analysis - approach and
design wet bulb. The question to be answered is: What nominal condenser water flow rate and approach is best from a
first cost standpoint as well as from a full load energy standpoint at any given wet bulb.

*Corresponding Author:

Central Air Conditioner System

Chitturi Nagavamsi Ravi Teja,

Research Scholar,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Godavari Institute of Engineering And Technology,
Andhra Pradesh, India.
Email: chitturivamsi09@gmail.com

Central air conditioner unit is an energy moving or converted machines that are designed to cool or heat the entire house. It does not create heat or cool. It just removes
heat from one area, where it is undesirable, to an area
where it is less significant.

Year of publication: 2016

Review Type: peer reviewed
Volume: III, Issue : I

Central air conditions has a centralize duct system. The

duct system (air distribution system) has an air handler,
air supply system, air return duct and the grilles and register that circulates warm air from a furnace or cooled air
from central air conditioning units to our room. It returns
that air back to the system and starts again.

Citation:Chitturi Nagavamsi Ravi Teja, Research Scholar "Design And Optimization of Water Cool Condenser
For Central Air Conditioner." International Journal of
Research and Innovation on Science, Engineering and
Technology (IJRISET) (2016) 84-91

INTRODUCTION
Refrigeration for personal comfort was first used in 1902.
By 1997, 72% of all American households had air-conditioning and 47% of all households were cooled with
central air. According to the Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute (ARI), 81% of all new homes constructed
were equipped with central air-conditioning in 1996.
For a single family, detached home, the amount of energy
dedicated to air-conditioning can be quite significant. In
Atlanta, for example, air-conditioning accounts for approximately 19% of energy costs, which includes both gas
and electricity, or 310 dollars per year.
It also accounts for 32% of the total peak power demand
of electricity in these homes. Obviously, improving the
efficiency of residential air-conditioning units would decrease utility bills and pollution produced by the power
generation.

It uses AC refrigerant (we may know it as Freon) as a

substance to absorb the heat from indoor evaporator coils
and rejects that heat to outdoor condenser coils or vice
versa.
Central air conditioner units used a blown, which is
mounted indoor to a furnace to circular that cold air to
the entire house through air distribution system (duct). It
uses the same duct system for heating and cooling.
Technical Data of Shell and tube Heat Exchanger:
Heat duty = 345000 Kcal/hr
Quantity of oil = 43.33 m3/hr
Quantity of water = 200 m3/hr
Cooling water inlet temperature, T1 = 32.00C
Oil out let temperature, T2 = 45C
Fouling factor on oil side = 0.0004 hrm2 C / Kcal
Fouling factor on water side = 0.0002 hrm2 C/ Kcal
Tube material =Admiralty brass
Thermal conductivity of tube material= 104.12 Kcal/
hrmC
Number of tubes = 776
Number of passes = 4
Length of the tube = 2300mm
Outside diameter of the tube do =15.875mm
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International Journal of Research and Innovation on Science, Engineering and Technology (IJRISET)

Model graphs:

Thickness of the tube =1.245mm

Inside diameter of the tube = 0.013385m
Inside surface area of the tube = xdi*L = Ai
= x(0.013385) * 2.3
= 0.0967m2
Outside surface area of the tube = do*L =Ao
= x 0.015875*2.3
= 0.1147 m2
Ratio of outside to inside surface area = Ao/Ai = 1.1862
Number of baffles = 11
Baffle cut = 28%
Type of cooler = Shell and tube heat exchanger
Tube pitch/ type =20.64 mm/30
Baffle thickness = 6mm
Shell inside diameter = 700mm
Number of tubes per pass =776/4=196
Baffle pitch = 141mm

No. of passes vs Heat transfer

OIL PROPERTIES AT AVERAGE TEMPERATURE (53 C): Density = 850 Kg/m3

Specific heat =0.471 Kcal/Kg C
Thermal conductivity =0.12925 Kcal/hrmC
Oil bulk viscosity = (b)oil = 73 Kg/hr m
Oil viscosity at tube wall temperature (w)oil =159 Kg/
hr m
WATER PROPERTIES AT AVERAGE TEMPERATURE (34
C): Density = 1000 Kg/m3
Specific heat = 1 Kcal/Kg C
Thermal conductivity = 0.5425 Kcal/hrmC
Viscosity (W) = 2.6 Kg/hr m

No. of passes vs Heat transfer

Simulation of Heat Exchanger:

In order to implement experimental data in the model,
boundary conditions of each part of the system should
bedetermined accurately.
Oil cooler heat exchanger
Oil circulates in a closed loop so the outlet and inlet oil
temperatures are dependent and they can be correlated
asfollows:
Q = mw Sw(t2-t1)
Manual Method Results:
Number of
passes

Ht Kcal/
hr-m2 C

Hs Kcal/
hr-m2 C

Uf Kcal/
hr-m2 C

Dp Kg/m2

2650

332

245

1432

4590

341

261

3645

8013.48

351.28

274.35

4178

11,144.68

364.45

290.14

14724

No. of passes vs Overall heat transfer coefficient

Results of Manual method

This table represents the experimental results. in this
the even number of passes increases the shell side heat
transferor efficient, tube side heat transfer and overall
heat transfer co efficient increases and pressure drop also
increases.

No. of passes vs Pressure drop

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International Journal of Research and Innovation on Science, Engineering and Technology (IJRISET)

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ASSEMBLY PARTS OF HEAT EXCHANGERS:

Design view part of heat exchanger passage 6

This is the total assembly part of HEAT EXCHANGER

The following parts were used to design the assemble
parts to make a HEAT EXCHANGER.
SHELL.PRT
BUFFEL_PLATE.PRT
BUFFEL_PLATE.PRT
BUFFEL_PLATE1.PRT
BUFFEL_PLATE2.PRT
PATTERN.PRT
DOME.PRT
INTRODUCTION TO ANSYS

Design view part of heat exchanger passage 1

ANSYS is general-purpose finite element analysis (FEA)

software package. Finite Element Analysis is a numerical method of deconstructing a complex system into very
small pieces (of user-designated size) called elements.
The software implements equations that govern the behaviour of these elements and solves them all; creating a
comprehensive explanation of how the system acts as a
whole. These results then can be presented in tabulated
or graphical forms. This type of analysis is typically used
for the design and optimization of a system far too complex to analyze by hand. Systems that may fit into this
category are too complex due to their geometry, scale, or
governing equations.

MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Admiraltybrass:

Design view part of heat exchanger passage 2

Design view part of heat exchanger passage 4

Properties of Admiralty-Brass

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International Journal of Research and Innovation on Science, Engineering and Technology (IJRISET)

Copper:

Imported model of condenser of one pass

Analysis Results of condenser with Admiralty Brass:

Thermal Analysis of Condenser with 1 passage with
Admiralty Brass:

Temperature result with one pass

Properties of Copper

Copper -Aluminum alloy

Time vs Temperature with one pass

Properties of Copper-Aluminum Alloy

THERMAL ANALYSIS of a condenser with Admiralty

Brass:

Thermal Analysis of Condenser with 1 Passageof Admiralty Brass:

Heat flux result with one pass

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International Journal of Research and Innovation on Science, Engineering and Technology (IJRISET)

Analysis Results of condenser of four passages with

Admiralty Brass:

Time vsHeat flux with one pass

Analysis Results of condenser of two passages with

Admiralty Brass:

Temperature results with four passes

Temperature results with two pass

Time vsTemparature results with four passes

Time vs Temperature results with one pass

Heat flux results with four passes

Heat fluxresults with two pass

Time vs Heat fluxresults with four passes

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International Journal of Research and Innovation on Science, Engineering and Technology (IJRISET)

Analysis Results of condenser of six passages with Admiralty Brass:

THERMAL ANALYSIS of a condenser with Copper:

Thermal Analysis of Condenser with 6 Passages with
Copper:

Temperature results with six passes

Temperature results with six passes

Time vsTemparature results with six passes

Heat fluxresults with six passes

Time vs Temperature results with six passes

Heat fluxresults with six passes

Thermal Analysis of Condenser with six Passageswith

Cu-Al Alloy

Time vs Heat fluxresults with six passes

Temperature results with six passes

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International Journal of Research and Innovation on Science, Engineering and Technology (IJRISET)

Bar charts of results with Admiralty Brass:

Time vs Temperature results with six passes

Temparature with all passages

Heat fluxresults with six passes

OVERALL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

In this project work central air conditioner condenser
(heat exchanger) has analyzed with the variation of 3 materials and 1/2/4/6 passages to suggest the optimum design material.

Heat flux with all passages

As per the analysis result tables & graphs has been produced as below for easy understanding:
Admiralty Brass:
TEMPERATURE

HEAT FLUX

1 PASSAGE

45.227

0.079431

2 PASSAGES

45.058

0.092678

4 PASSAGES

45.037

0.097065

6 PASSAGES

48.031

0.092771
Thermal Error with all passages

Copper:
TEMPERATURE

HEAT FLUX

1 PASSAGE

45.626

0.57876

2 PASSAGES

45.070

0.25650

4 PASSAGES

45.052

0.70758

6 PASSAGES

48.232

0.23366

Bar charts of results with Copper:

Cu-Al Alloy:
TEMPERATURE

HEAT FLUX

1 PASSAGE

45.234

0.19974

2 PASSAGES

45.063

0.23342

4 PASSAGES

45.044

0.24360

6 PASSAGES

48.232

0.23366

Temparature with all passages

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International Journal of Research and Innovation on Science, Engineering and Technology (IJRISET)

plications (IJERA).
3.THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF THE PERFORMANCE OF
DUAL PRESSURE CONDENSER IN A THERMAL POWER
PLANT
K.K.Anantha Kirthan, S. Sathurtha Mourian, P. Raj Clinton
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and
Technology (IJMET).

Heat flux with all passages

4.PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF FINNED TUBE AIR

COOLED CONDENSING UNIT OF SPLIT AIR CONDITIONER
B. SREELAKSHMI,
Advanced Engineering and Applied Sciences.
5.DESIGN ANALYSIS OF A FINNED-TUBE CONDENSER
FOR A RESIDENTIAL AIR-CONDITIONER USING R-22
Emma May Sadler
Georgia Institute of Technology
6.Optimizing Design & Control Of Chilled Water Plants
Steven T. Taylor, P.E., Fellow ASHRAE
ASHRAE Journal
AUTHORS

Thermal error with all passages

CONCLUSION:
This project deals with DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION
OF WATER COOLED CONDENSER FOR A CENTRAL
AIR CONDITIONING UNIT In this project work central
air conditioner condenser (heat exchanger) has analyzed
with the variation of 3 materials and 1/2/4/6 passages to
suggest the optimum design material.

Chitturi Nagavamsi Ravi Teja,

Research Scholar,
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Godavari Institute of Engineering And Technology,
Andhra Pradesh, India.

Initially data collection and literature survey was conducted to understand the approach and methodology
through this material, boundary & lode conditions was
selected.
3d modeling and assembly for1/2/4/6 passages has been
done and exported to Ansys for further investigation.
Thermal analysis was conducted by varying 3 materials
as per the analysis results material2 & 3(copper & copper
-aluminum alloy) was showing better results than traditional material Admiralty brass. Copper is having more
features than copper-aluminum alloy but while considering the cost better to go with copper-aluminum alloy with
increased passages like 4 or 6 to improve performance.

S.Raja Sekhar,
AssociateProfessor,
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Godavari Institute of Engineering And Technology,
Andhra Pradesh, India.

REFERENCES:
1. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS ANDCALCULATION OFDIFFERENT PARAMETERS OFCONDENSER USING ANSYS
FLUENT SOFTWARE
Ram Mohan Gupta
International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)
2. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF SURFACE CONDENSER UNDER VARIOUS OPERATING PARAMETERS
Ajeet Singh Sikarwar1, Devendra Dandotiya2, Surendra
Kumar Agrawal3
International Journal of Engineering Research and Ap91